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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A sample of 700 female epileptic outpatients was examined between 1985 and 1987. The incidence of psychosexual disorders was 18%. Epileptic females with psychosexual disorders were compared with epileptic females without sexual disorders and with normal female controls on selected clinical and EEG parameters. Epileptic females with sexual disorders showed: lower marriage rates, a longer duration of illness, sexually colored prodromata, predominance of partial complex seizures (83%) and a higher incidence of menstrual abnormalities. Hyposexuality and exhibitionism were the psychosexual disorders most frequently noted. Temporal lobe EEG abnormalities were significantly higher.
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PMID:Sexual behavior of a sample of females with epilepsy. 198 34

Epilepsy surgery is becoming an increasingly used therapy for children with severe, medically intractable seizures. Temporal lobe ablation, corpus callosotomy, and hemispherectomy are currently the most commonly performed procedures. In this review the presurgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable seizures is described and risks and benefits of the surgery discussed. In selected patients temporal lobectomies and hemispherectomies may totally eliminate seizures while corpus callosotomies frequently reduce number and severity of generalized seizures.
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PMID:Epilepsy surgery in children. 211 5

We studied 40 patients with temporal lobe epilepsies who had long-term intracranial EEG recordings and temporal lobectomies. They were divided into 3 groups on the basis of the anatomical site of seizure origin. An electrode implantation technique combined intracerebral depth electrodes with subdural strip electrodes. The seizures were of amygdalo-hippocampal origin in 18 patients, lateral temporal in 13 patients, and temporo-basal in 9 patients. The clinical and EEG features were reviewed retrospectively with regard to 3 factors in each patient: localization of interictal spikes in the scalp-recorded EEG, signal symptoms (auras), and presumed etiologies. Epilepsy with amygdalo-hippocampal and lateral temporal seizures was found to be distinguishable by the electroclinical features. It seems practical to classify these 2 subtypes of temporal lobe epilepsies as in the 1989 Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes. Temporal lobe epilepsies thus defined can be regarded as epileptic syndromes rather than a cluster of seizure manifestations.
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PMID:Subtypes of temporal lobe epilepsies: a clinical point of view. 225 19

Temporal lobe syncope (TLS) is a term coined by Landolt. Characteristically, the patient has psychomotor and drop attacks, and the interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) shows temporal lobe epileptic abnormalities. TLS is synonymous with type III complex partial seizures (CPSs) in the Delgado Escueta classification. Several variants of TLS can be recognized including atonic akinetic, simple akinetic, atonic, atonic-tonic complex (automatisms), sexual seizures, stress-induced convulsions, and gelastic atonic seizures. TLS must be distinguished from drop attacks of vertebrobasilar insufficiency and associated EEG abnormalities, and from hereditary tachyarrhythmias mimicking stress-induced convulsions. Epileptic falls and drop attacks are discarded by ictal EEG recordings. Recognition of TLS variants is important in the prospective evaluation of the surgical treatment of epilepsy given the past conflicting reports on the differential outcome of surgically treated CPSs. TLS is an attractive clinical term, easy to remember, and with pathophysiologic relevance to the clinician confronting the patient with a history of syncope and whose EEG discloses temporal lobe paroxysmal activity. The detailed ictal electrophysiology of TLS is unknown.
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PMID:Temporal lobe syncope: clinical variants. 249 8

Temporal lobe seizures are manifested by aberrant experiences, automatic behavior, or both. In addition, approximately 40% of the patients who have had the disease for more than 15 years exhibit significant personality disorders, mood changes, or psychoses in the periods between seizures (interictal phase). Recognition that these characterologic manifestations are components of the underlying neurologic disorder allows for a more rational approach to the provision of dental care.
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PMID:Temporal lobe epilepsy: its association with psychiatric impairment and appropriate dental management. 252 4

Temporal lobe seizure patients and control subjects participated in an investigation of metamemory. The two-part study explored the individual's perception of memory abilities for both encoding and retrieval. Experiment I addressed self-monitoring of encoding through a study of prediction of memory span. Experiment II explored self-monitoring of retrieval through a study of "Feeling of Knowing." The results indicate that left and right temporal lobe seizure patients tend to overestimate their memory capacities, in comparison with normal controls, and that self-monitoring tends to be less accurate for material (verbal or nonverbal) mediated by side of lesion. The potential impact of inaccurate memory monitoring on the memory dysfunction observed in seizure patients is discussed.
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PMID:Metamemory in temporal lobe epilepsy: self-monitoring of memory functions. 340 84

Claims have been made that epilepsy is associated with both brief psychotic episodes and persistent psychotic states. The existence of brief, nonconfusional psychotic episodes in epilepsy has received some formal support; these may be a function of temporal lobe subictal activity. Persistent psychosis is found in about 7% of patients with epilepsy; independent evidence indicates this to be a significant association. Temporal lobe seizure activity, again probably acting subictally, may be involved in the pathogenesis of these states, perhaps in interaction with other factors. Occurrence of psychotic syndromes in epilepsy may be relevant to kindling, atypical psychoses unrelated to epilepsy, and the psychotropic effect of carbamazepine.
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PMID:Psychotic syndromes in epilepsy. 402 84

Subdural recordings from 8 patients and depth recordings from 3 patients via rows of electrodes with 5-10 mm spacing were searched for signs of significant local differentiation of coherence calculated between all possible pairs of loci. EEG samples of 2-4 min were taken during 4 states: alertness, stage 2-3 sleep, light surgical anesthesia permitting the patient to respond to questions and electrical seizures. Coherence was computed for all frequencies from 1 to 50 Hz or 0.3-100 Hz; for comparisons the mean coherence over each of 6 or 7 narrower bands between 2 and 70 Hz was used. Whereas the literature supports the view that EEG coherence is usually substantial over many centimeters, the hypothesis here tested--and found to be well above stochastic expectations--is that significant structure occurs in the millimeter domain for EEG recorded subdurally or within the brain. In both the subdural surface samples and those from temporal lobe depth electrode arrays coherence declines with distance between electrodes of the pair, on the average quite severely in millimeters. This is nearly the same for all frequency bands. For middle bands like 8-13 and 13-20 Hz, mean coherence typically declines most steeply in the first 10 mm, from values indistinguishable from 1.0 at < 0.5 mm distance to 0.5 at 5-10 mm and to 0.25 in another 10-20 mm in the subdural surface data. Temporal lobe depth estimates decline about half as fast; coherence > or = 0.5 extends for 9-20 mm and > or = 0.25 for another 20-35mm. Low frequency bands (1-5, 5-8 Hz) usually fall slightly more slowly than high frequency bands (20-35, 35-50 Hz but the difference is small and variance large. The steepness of decline with distance in humans is significantly but only slightly smaller than that we reported earlier for the rabbit and rat, averaging less than one half. Local coherence, for individual pairs of loci, shows differentiation in the millimeter range, i.e., nearest neighbor pairs may be locally well above or below average and this is sustained over minutes. Local highs and lows tend to be similar for widely different frequency bands. Coherence varies quite independently of power, although they are sometimes correlated. Regional differentiation is statistically significant in average coherence among pairs of loci on temporal vs frontal cortex or lateral frontal vs. subfrontal strips in the same patient, but such differences are usually small.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:EEG coherence has structure in the millimeter domain: subdural and hippocampal recordings from epileptic patients. 755 7

Often, seizures in childhood are intractable to medical therapy. Intractable seizures and prolonged anticonvulsant medication can adversely affect intellectual development and psychosocial maturation in children. Temporal lobe resections for complex partial seizures and focal epilepsy in children can be performed with minimal morbidity. The higher morbidity lies with prolonged observation of these children with intractable seizures. The final result of surgical treatment shows that children can significantly benefit from an early developmental period without anticonvulsant medication or intractable seizures with improvements in both IQ and behavioral interactions. With improvements in neuroimaging techniques and evaluation procedures, more children can be identified who might benefit from a resective procedure. It is thus advocated that early evaluation and surgical intervention be performed to gain improvement in seizure control and psychosocial development.
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PMID:Temporal lobe resections in children. 767 Mar 25

Patients with epileptic seizures frequently complain of long-lasting cognitive impairment after a seizure. We evaluated this issue in 31 patients with epileptic seizures of a frontal (n = 8) or temporal lobe origin [right temporal lobe (RTL) n = 8/left temporal lobe (LTL) n = 15]. Seizures were secondarily generalized in 18 patients. Computerized testing of verbal and nonverbal recognition memory was performed before the seizure, directly after postictal reorientation, and 30 min and 1 h later. Repeated testing of 14 healthy persons served as control. The following results were obtained: Depending on seizure generalization, postictal reorientation times were 1-45 min. Frontal lobe seizures showed no effect on postictal memory performances, but verbal and visual recognition memory was significantly decreased after temporal lobe seizures. Decrease in either verbal or visual memory and time of recovery were related to lateralization of seizure onset. Functional recovery after reorientation lasted 30 min to 1 h. The decrease in performance was more severe after generalized seizures. Decision times during memory performance were not significantly affected by the seizures. Temporal lobe seizures lead to circumscribed and long-lasting memory deficits, which can be assumed to affect patients' capabilities seriously. Pre- and postictal testing is a useful tool for determining postictal cognitive impairment and in determining the site of seizure onset.
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PMID:Postictal courses of cognitive deficits in focal epilepsies. 792 54


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