Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cysticercosis of the central nervous system is seen infrequently in Australia. Most cases occur in adults, but two imported cases of neurocysticercosis in children are described. A 10-year-old Anglo-Indian girl presented with aseptic meningitis, raised intracranial pressure and a block to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the lumbar region. Laminectomy showed two cysticerci in the spinal subdural space. A three-year-old boy from Zimbabwe suffered a focal seizure. A granuloma that contained a degenerate cysticercus was found in the left parietal cortex. Serological examination of blood for cysticercosis was performed only in the second case and gave negative results. Examination of stools in both children gave negative results for the presence of parasites, cysts and ova.
 ...
PMID:Childhood central nervous system cysticercosis in Australia. 338 66

The vein of Galen malformation is a midline arteriovenous fistula with aneurysmal dilatation of the vein of Galen. The clinical details of diagnosis and treatment in 13 patients with such lesions together with a review of 232 cases collected from the literature are presented in this report. There were 132 males, 77 females, and 36 cases in which the sex was not stated. Eighty patients presented as neonates, 82 were 1 to 12 months old, 39 were 1 to 5 years old, 22 were 6 to 20 years old, and 22 were over the age of 20. The most common presenting symptoms were congestive cardiac failure (110 cases), raised intracranial pressure secondary to hydrocephalus (94 cases), cranial bruit (57 cases), focal neurological deficit (37), seizures (26 cases), and hemorrhage (25 cases). The most characteristic vascular supply to the midline fistula involved multiple bilateral vessels, although bilateral posterior cerebral and unilateral posterior cerebral supply was relatively common. The overall figures for treatment and outcome showed that 91 patients (37.1%) were treated by direct operation and 29 patients (11.3%) were treated by other forms of operation, predominantly shunting or remote vessel ligation. Forty-six patients (18.8%) were treated by medical means (digoxin, diuretics, and ventilatory support). In 79 patients (22.2%), there was no treatment or no details of treatment were available. There was an overall series mortality of 55.6% (no details were available in 33 cases) and a 37.4% mortality for surgically treated cases. After operation, there was a 46.3% incidence of significant morbidity in surviving patients. Neonatal patients fared worst, with an overall mortality of 64 of 70 cases (91.4%) where details were available. The outcome was equally bad for surgically and conservatively treated cases. Operation in the 1- to 12-month age group was more successful, but still carried a mortality of 31.7%, with a significant morbidity in approximately half of the surviving patients. Over the age of 1 year, the surgically treated patients had a 25.6% mortality and a 42.3% major morbidity in survivors. Consideration is given to some of the ways in which these figures may be improved, in particular a staged approach during the neonatal period, with the use of selective embolization or occlusion of vessels to reduce the volume of the arteriovenous shunt until the patient is older and better able to tolerate major operation.
 ...
PMID:Vein of Galen malformation: diagnosis and management. 360 Oct 22

Manifestations of cysticercosis in 11 children (mean age 9.5 years) are presented. Features of raised intracranial pressure dominated the clinical picture (10 cases), followed by seizures (7 cases). Subretinal cysts occurred in three children. Focal signs were infrequent and often not attributable to anatomical lesions. Electro-encephalograms were invariably abnormal, but did not help to localize lesions. Plain roentgenograms of the skull showed sutural diastasis in the majority. Computerized tomography revealed white matter oedema with throttled ventricles in 6 patients and single localized lesions in 3 others. None had hydrocephalus. Histopathology and indirect haemagglutination test aided diagnosis in 6 cases. Two children recovered completely, one after surgical excision of a parietal lobe cyst and the other following praziquantel therapy. Half of the remaining patients improved spontaneously.
 ...
PMID:Neurocysticercosis in childhood. 368 30

Seven patients with cerebral necrosis after radiotherapy for carcinoma of the nasopharynx are presented. The clinical features included seizures and a varying degree of intellectual impairment. In spite of significant mass effect on CT scan, the patients remained alert, ambulatory and independent. We believe that some cases of cerebral necrosis following radiotherapy for extra-cranial neoplasms present in a more benign fashion than has been portrayed in the literature, and in the absence of clinical evidence of raised intracranial pressure, surgical intervention is unnecessary. The importance of careful fractionation of an optimum radiation dose as a preventive measure is emphasised.
 ...
PMID:Cerebral radionecrosis: is surgery necessary? 369

Cerebral cysticercosis is a parasitic infestation with a highly variable prognosis and diverse clinical manifestations. Over the period of two years 51 patients were studied prospectively with this infestation, paying particular attention to the duration and severity of the illness, clinical course, CT findings and therapeutic modalities. Patients with parenchymal cysts or calcification without hydrocephalus had a benign disorder presenting commonly with seizures. This type of infestation usually is long-standing, almost never requires surgical treatment, responds to praziquantel therapy and has a good prognosis. In contrast, patients who present with hydrocephalus, large supratentorial cysts, multiple granulomata with cerebral oedema or with vasculitis and cerebral infarction, have an aggressive, acute or subacute illness, presenting with raised intracranial pressure, gait disturbances, mental changes, seizures, cranial nerve palsies, hemisphere syndromes, chronic meningitis and stroke. This malignant form usually requires surgical therapy, does not respond to praziquantel and may produce a fatal outcome or serious sequelae.
 ...
PMID:A prognostic classification of cerebral cysticercosis: therapeutic implications. 378 74

Four cases of gliomatosis cerebri are reported that demonstrate the variability of the clinical course. A review of these and 32 cases from the literature revealed that the most striking finding was change in personality and mental status. Hemiparesis, ataxia, papilledema, headache, seizure, and brainstem signs were the next most common clinical findings. Laboratory and radiographic tests, including angiography and pneumoencephalography, often showed only minor and nonspecific changes in the face of profound mental deterioration. Increased intracranial pressure usually occurred late but was probably an important factor of the terminal course in most patients. The pathologic changes were typical, with diffuse infiltration of astrocytoma cells through brain stem, subcortical white matter, and, to a lesser extent, cerebral cortex.
 ...
PMID:Gliomatosis cerebri. Report of four cases and review of the literature. 449 66

Cerebral cysticercosis is the result of infestation of the brain with the larval stage of the intestinal tape worm Taenia Solium. The disease, endemic in some parts of the world, especially Mexico, South America, India, Eastern Europe, is still encountered practically all over the world. There appear to be distinct geographical variations not only in the incidence but also the pattern of the disease. The commonly accepted modes of infection do not stand a critical analysis of available epidemiological data. The brain is a site of predilection for this infestation, where it results in meningeal racemose, parenchymatous ventricular or mixed types of lesions. It may thus produce meningo-encephalitis, granulomatous meningitis, ependymitis , focal granulomas, solitary or multiple parenchymatous cysts, hydrocephalus or a combination of these. Clinically its manifestations are protean and often perplexing, consisting, either alone or in combination, of raised intracranial pressure, focal or multifocal or generalized epileptic seizures, signs and symptoms of a focal mass lesion, hydrocephalus or chronic meningo-encephalitis. Important features of the disease are remissions and recurrences. Laboratory diagnostic investigations are generally unrewarding, there being so far, no single completely reliable test. Recent CAT scan studies have been helpful but not always diagnostic. There is no known medical treatment. Excision of a solitary parenchymatous or intraventricular lesion provides gratifying results but the management of diffuse lesions, presenting with raised intracranial pressure ("pseudo-tumour") is often frustrating. Extensive bilateral decompression, with or without an additional thecoperitoneal shunt, is helpful in some of these cases.
 ...
PMID:Cerebral cysticercosis. 637 90

About a quarter of a million children are hospitalized each year in the United States because of head injuries, with many more than that treated outside the hospital. Although the majority of children with head trauma appear to recover fully, with or without treatment, a significant minority suffer neurologic residua and several thousand such children die annually. Thus, especially in more seriously injured children, the emergency treatment of the child may be crucial to the eventual outcome. In this review, an approach to the emergency management of pediatric head injuries is presented. The full assessment of the child--by means of a thorough history, physical and neurologic examinations, and appropriate diagnostic tests--is reviewed. The need to treat the whole child, searching for associated injuries of the spine, chest, abdomen, and limbs accompanying those to the head, is stressed. General supportive care of the child, including management of respiratory and circulatory systems, as well as specific treatment of raised intracranial pressure and post-traumatic seizures, is described. The clinical presentations of scalp injuries, skull fractures, cerebral concussion, cerebral contusion and laceration, and acute epidural and subdural hematomas are outlined and their treatments discussed.
 ...
PMID:Emergency management of pediatric head injuries. 639 84

A case of human cysticercosis presenting with symmetric painless enlargement of muscles and seizures is presented. The patient had multiple subcutaneous nodules but no features of raised intracranial pressure. Muscle biopsy revealed densely packed cysticerci in calf muscles. Subcutaneous nodule biopsy was also confirmatory. So far sixteen cases have been described in the world literature and only one from outside India.
 ...
PMID:Uncommon manifestation of human cysticercosis with muscular pseudohypertrophy. 661 75

In the intensive care unit of Leiden University Neurosurgical Department 52 critically ill patients were given continuous infusions of etomidate to achieve 'total immobilization'. This can be defined as a state whereby there is complete elimination of all psychic, sensory and motor unrest. Etomidate administration varied from 2 hours to 25 days and dosages began at 20 micrograms/kg/minute and were increased to 110 micrograms/kg/minute according to need and indications for varying periods of time. Attempts were made to control unrest, convulsive seizure activity and raised intracranial pressure. Acceptance of artificial ventilation was achieved in most cases without muscle relaxants or morphinomimetic supplementation. Despite the long durations of administration and high doses no toxic or other detrimental side-effects were noted. Etomidate appears to show the potential of being a very valuable addition to the neurosurgical intensive care armamentarium.
 ...
PMID:Results of a feasibility trial to achieve total immobilization of patients in a neurosurgical intensive care unit with etomidate. 686 56


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>