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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred epileptic patients were questioned about their headaches. Post-ictal headaches occurred in 51 of these patients and most commonly lasted 6-72 hours. Major seizures were more often associated with post-epileptic headaches than minor attacks. Nine patients in this series of 100 also had migraine: in eight of these nine a typical, albeit a mild, migraine attack was provoked by fits. The post-ictal headache in the 40 epileptics who did not have migraine was accompanied by vomiting in 11 cases, photophobia in 14 cases and vomiting with photophobia in 4 cases. Furthermore, post-epileptic headache was accentuated by coughing, bending and sudden head movements and relieved by sleep. It is, therefore, clear that seizures provoke a syndrome similar to the headache phase of migraine in 50% of epileptics. It is proposed that post-epileptic headache arises intracranially and is related to the vasodilatation known to follow seizures. The relationship of post-epileptic headache to migraine is discussed in the light of current ideas on migraine pathogenesis, in particular the vasodilation which accompanies Leao's spreading cortical depression.
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PMID:Post-epileptic headache and migraine. 311 78

Our analysis of the course of illness in 14 patients, whose common electroencephalographic characteristic was epileptogenic activity in the occipital area, showed very different clinical symptoms. The first group comprised patients who presented bilateral amaurosis. In four of these cases, the occipital hypersynchronous EEG activity was merely a secondary symptom of either ischaemic hypoxia or of a degenerative process in the occipital visual cortex and was not responsible for the genesis of the actual blindness. In two further cases of monosymptomatic temporary loss of vision, it was difficult to make a differential diagnosis between ictal blindness, respectively status epilepticus amauroticus occurring in a occipital lobe epilepsy and a migraine attack involving the basilar territory. The second group comprised five patients with paroxysmal visual hallucinations respectively illusions. Three of them suffered from hallucinations of the elementary type, respectively flickering fits in the hemianopic field, symptoms which are based on discharges in the visual cortex of the occipital lobe. In a case of one patient with complex visual hallucinations as well as in a further case with visual illusions, it was not possible to find out with certainty their place of origin. A study of these cases shows that the cortical or sub-cortical functional disturbance within the visual system causing the various optical deformations and visual hallucinations, form an inhomogeneous group with different etiology. In the only patient belonging to the third group, whose seizures were i.a. characterized through motor phenomena in the field of the ocular organs and the tonic lateral turning movement of the bulbi of the eyes and of the head, an occipital epileptic crisis with spread of discharges from the occipital pole to the frontomesial surface should be assumed. The occurrence of complex partial seizures, respectively generalized tonic-clonic attacks in two patients of the fourth group who have definite epileptogenic EEG-activity in the occipital area, can be explained by a propagation of paroxysmal activity to the temporal lobe or to the motor cortex. Because of the marked tendency to propagation of the hypersynchronous activity originating in the occipital lobe, many combinations of sensory and/or motor symptoms can occur within the frame-work of occipital epileptic seizures. On the basis of one scalp EEG finding, no final localizing conclusions may be drawn here.
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PMID:[Epileptic activity of the occipital lobe. Clinico-electroencephalographic contribution]. 322 Apr 20

A case of sudden death from cysticercosis cerebri is described. A 38-year-old Ecuadorian woman suffered from headache for a few weeks which was interpreted as migraine. Later she developed extremely severe headache with seizures and died. A forensic autopsy showed normal organs. Neuropathologic examination revealed cysticercosis racemosus with reactive chronic ependymitis and meningitis and secondary hydrocephalus.
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PMID:Sudden death from cerebral cysticercosis. 322 78

We studied the clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of 45 patients with mid-line spikes. The incidence of mid-line spikes was 3.0% in total EEG population in childhood. Sex incidence was equal. First appearance age of mid-line spikes ranged from one month to 12 years, with a mean of 5.0 years old. Fz focus was in 3 patients, Cz in 31 and Pz in 11. Thirty two of the 45 patients (71%) had a history of clinical seizures; 16 with febrile convulsions and 16 with epileptic seizures. Of the remaining 13 patients without a history of seizures, the EEG was obtained because of post-meningitis in 4, developmental delayed in 4, migraine in 1 and miscellaneous in 4. Mid-line spikes might not have so strong correlations with clinical seizures. Ten patients had a family history of epilepsy and/or febrile convulsion. In the patients with seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures were the most frequent type (18; primary GTC and 10; secondary GTC with partial onset). Elementary symptoms of partial seizures were very variable (focal motor in 5, Jacksonian march in 1, aversive in 1, autonomic in 2 and automatism in 5), and which might be related to the other lesions such as temporal and/or frontal lobes. Seizure control was almost good except for two patients with organic brain damage. And other neurological symptoms were not also progressive. On EEG findings, twenty-two patients had midline spikes as their only epileptiform abnormality. The remaining twenty-three had an additional epileptiform feature, either a focal spikes or a generalized spike-wave.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical and EEG evaluation of mid-line spikes in childhood]. 324 96

Agarose isoelectric focusing, followed by protein transfer to cellulose nitrate membrane and double-antibody avidin-biotin peroxidase staining (avidin-biotin agarose isoelectric focusing), was used to demonstrate oligoclonal IgG bands in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum; 161 consecutive pediatric patients, ages 6 months to 16 years with a variety of mainly neurologic disorders, were studied. The procedure was standardized for agarose isoelectric focusing (AIF) using 5 microliter specimens containing 125 ng of IgG. Oligoclonal bands were found in the CSF of 12% of the patients; bands were found simultaneously in the CSF and serum of 10% of the patients, mostly those with nervous system infections, but also those with central nervous system tumors, seizures, or migraine. In about 50% of positive cases, oligoclonal bands constituted the only CSF abnormality, reflecting an abnormal humoral immune response within the CSF-central nervous system compartment. Avidin-biotin AIF can be recommended as an integrated part of routine CSF examinations in children.
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PMID:Demonstration in children of oligoclonal IgG bands in unconcentrated CSF using agarose isoelectric focusing and immunolabeling. 333 4

Fifty-five patients admitted to hospital for 'pure' transient global amnesia (TGA) were studied and followed up for a period ranging from 12 to 67 months. The major pathogenetic theories of TGA (epileptic, thrombotic and migrainous) were investigated through the study of clinical histories and risk factors and the recurrences of neurological disturbances during follow-up. Seventy-one percent of the sample had one or more thrombotic risk factors (TRF), 2 patients had both TRF and a history of migraine, and none ever experienced a seizure. A computerized tomography (CT) scan was performed in 40 out of 55 patients to detect focal lesions: 3 patients (7.5%) had a lacuna in the deep structures of the brain. Over the follow-up period, 1 patient died from hepatic cirrhosis, 1 patient died from cerebral haemorrhage, 2 patients experienced transient ischaemic attacks and 3 patients had a total of 4 TGA recurrences. Our conclusion is that TGA represents a benign form of transient ischaemic cerebral disease.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia: pathogenesis and prognosis. 337 81

Twenty EEG recordings obtained in children showed temporo-parieto occipital or temporo-occipital spikes or spike-wave complexes suppressed by eye-opening. Patients showed different neurological syndromes: classic migraine, vertebrobasilar migraine, visual phenomena, epilepsy, psychomotor retardation. Thirteen subjects were affected by epileptic seizures, which were preceded by visual phenomena in 12 cases. In 6 cases, a combination of classic migraine, visual phenomena and seizures was found. In one case of vertebrobasilar migraine, seizures occurred 5 years after the first episode of migraine. Follow-up data indicate a non-benign evolution of occipital epilepsy: partial or generalized seizures persisted in 13 treated cases. Moreover, the EEG finding of occipital spike-wave complexes seems to extend to different neurological syndromes.
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PMID:Migraine and other clinical syndromes in children affected by EEG occipital spike-wave complexes. 340 17

In a 7-year prospective follow-up of 104 children with enuresis in 32 cases (19 boys and 13 girls) coexistence of common migraine was found. Twenty-two children had various other seizure-like disorders, particularly tics, febrile convulsions, pavor nocturnus and fainting, and three had absence attacks. In 20 cases vasomotor disturbances and in 17 abnormal Schellong's test were found. The IQ was normal or high in all cases. Emotional disorders were observed in nearly half the cases. The water-salt test of Decourt was done in 9 cases and it was abnormal in 8 cases. At least two abnormal EEG records were obtained in 26 cases, and in 24 of them seizure activity was demonstrated in the EEG. In the period of follow-up disappearance or very marked improvement of enuresis occurred in all cases and migrainous attacks became less frequent and intense in 27 cases, while in 5 the severity of migraine increased. The author discusses the pathological mechanism of these disturbances calling attention to less good efficiency of the regulatory functions of the centrencephalic activating system and hypothalamus connected with biochemical and bioelectric immaturity.
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PMID:[Coexistence of idiopathic spontaneous nocturnal enuresis and migraine in children]. 344 4

The relatively high incidence of persistent post-traumatic headache and vertigo in children and adolescents presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It is often difficult to differentiate between functional complaints generated by psychological trauma or compensation-seeking and symptoms reflecting an organic etiology. The clinical and laboratory findings of 22 patients with post-traumatic headaches and vertigo were delineated into five major diagnostic categories: labyrinthine concussion, whiplash syndrome, basilar artery migraine, vertiginous seizures, and a non-specific post-traumatic dizziness. Patients with post-traumatic hearing loss were excluded from this study because they represent a group with different diagnostic problems and more recognizable organic pathology. Each patient had a complete neurologic evaluation including specific clinical vestibular tests (i.e., stepping test, reinforced Romberg, past-pointing evaluation, and positional tests using the Nylen-Hallpike maneuver. Laboratory studies included skull x-ray, computed tomography, electroencephalography, electronystagmography, and audiologic assessment. Symptoms, signs, and tests were evaluated in each category of post-traumatic vertigo to help establish the diagnosis and initiate treatment.
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PMID:Post-traumatic vertigo in children: a diagnostic approach. 350 80

This article deals with the use of oral contraceptives and IUDs by chronically ill adolescent females. Results of controlled studies of contraceptive choices and problems are reviewed for teenagers with cardiac disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, migraine headaches, asthma, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. If oral contraceptives (OC) are prescribed for use in teens with cardiac disease, a contraceptive with 35ug or less of estrogen and the equivalent of 1 mg or less of norethindrone should be used. The low-dose progestin only pill can be prescribed, but should be used in conjunction with a back-up barrier method. Reports to date have failed to reveal increased seizure activity in epileptic pattients on OCs, and there is no significant evidence to date that OCs alter the course of multiple sclerosis. Although the evidence is inconclusive, the physician should use extreme caution in prescribing OCs for teens with prior migraines. Regarding asthmatic patients, no problems have been reported with IUD use except in regard to steroid therapy and its possible effect on reducing IUD effectiveness. No adverse effects 2ndary to the use of OCs in asthmatic patients have been reported. OCs should be avoided or used with extreme caution in the cystic fibrosis patient. Teens with active inflammatory bowel disease should be advised that OCs may be ineffective or dangerous; there are no reports available on the effects of the IUD on the disease. The pill is contraindicated during active liver disease or cirrhosis. The IUD is not highly recommended for contraception in diabetic teenagers, whereas a low-dose combined OC can be used with extreme caution. However, OCs should be avoided in the diabetic patient with nephropathy, vascular complications or retinopathy. There is at present no contraindication for contraceptive use by women with thyroid disease. Finally, patients with prolonged post pill amenorrhea and infertility are generally females with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea before pill use.
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PMID:Contraceptive use in the chronically ill adolescent female: Part I. 351 58


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