Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 47-year-old Hispanic male presented with visual field disturbances, memory impairment, and a seizure. CT and MRI were consistent with meningioma. Both neurologic exam and routine laboratory tests were within normal limits. The patient underwent craniotomy and subtotal resection of the tumor. On H&E, the lesion was composed of a lymphoid mass with well-defined irregularly shaped follicles surrounded by a monomorphic population of small lymphocytes. Marginal zones stained for B-cell markers, CD20 and CD79a, one T-cell marker, CD43, and kappa light chains. While other markers did not stain the majority of tumor cells, they did identify other lymphoid and plasma cell elements. A diagnosis of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of dura, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type (extranodal) was made. MALT-type lymphomas are unusual in the nervous system; this is the first such case reported in a male and serves to emphasize the wide diversity of presentation of a neoplasm originally described in the GI tract and thus far described in the CNS only in females.
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PMID:Primary dural mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma: case report and review of the literature. 1517 17

We present a patient with primary central nervous system B-cell lymphoma. He had suffered from slowly developing weight loss and presented to us with disorientation, seizures, and a supranuclear gaze disturbance. The patient was dismissed with the primary diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis of the brainstem and put on oral corticosteroids. Four months later, his health status had deteriorated, and at that time diagnostic methods pointed to a cerebral lymphoma. Stereotactic biopsy with subsequent immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a highly malignant B-cell lymphoma of the CNS, despite prolonged corticosteroid treatment. The patient was treated with whole brain radiotherapy.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of an initial infratentorial central nervous system B-cell lymphoma during prolonged cortisone medication]. 1522 76

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the skull vault is a rare disease. We describe a case occurring in a 72-year-old woman presenting with generalized tonic clonic seizures on a background of a 1-year history of headaches and progressively enlarging scalp masses. Imaging showed diffuse infiltration of the skull vault with multifocal intra- and extracranial soft tissue masses, causing compression and probably infiltration of the cerebral cortex. Further investigation failed to identify any other evidence of systemic lymphoma. Biopsy of one of the scalp masses showed a small to intermediate cell B cell lymphoma. The other nine reported cases of primary skull vault lymphoma are reviewed. The diffuse vault infiltration as well as the multiple intracranial, scalp and temporalis muscle masses renders this case unique.
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PMID:Diffuse primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the cranial vault. 1579 58

Intravascular large cell lymphoma (IVL) is a very rare variant of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting with puzzling clinical manifestations. There is a predilection for the central nervous system, but the tumour often affects also skin, lung, and kidneys while lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are usually absent. Myocardial infarction due to IVL has not been reported so far. We here report on a 56-year-old patient who was admitted to our hospital with fever and clinical signs of erysipelas. He had a 6-month history of "collagen vasculitic disease" treated with prednisolone and azathioprine. He received antibiotic treatment, but after transient improvement fever recurred with generalized seizures and myocardial infarction, which required transfer to the intensive care unit where the patient died with signs of an acute cardiogenic shock. Autopsy revealed a generalized high-grade B cell lymphoma of IVL type affecting and obstructing small vessels of a variety of tissues including heart, brain and lungs. The tumorous obliteration of small intramyocardial vessels had led to an acute ischaemia with infarction and subsequent signs of myocardial insufficiency. To the best of the authors' knowledge myocardial infarction as a leading symptom of IVL has not been described.
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PMID:Myocardial infarction as an uncommon clinical manifestation of intravascular large cell lymphoma. 1626 89

We report a case of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZL) mimicking meningioma in a lateral ventricle and suggest its possible pathogenesis. The patient was a 63-year-old male with seizure attack. MRI showed a 3.5x1.7 cm sized homogeneously enhancing mass in the trigon of the right lateral ventricle, possibly arising from the choroid plexus. The provisional diagnosis was meningioma or metastasis. In the surgical findings, the mass was attached to the choroid plexus and totally removed. Pathologic examination revealed a monotonous population of medium-sized mononuclear lymphoma cells associated with meningothelial whorl formation and neoplastic cells which invaded the meningothelial cells. The tumor was immunopositive for CD79a, CD20, CD43 and bcl-2. We suggest that intracranial extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas might mimic meningiomas, because of their relation with the arachnoid cells and that meningothelial cells serve as a substitute for the mucosal surface in intracranial MALT lymphomas.
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PMID:Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma mimicking meningioma in lateral ventricle: a case report and possible pathogenesis. 1662 74

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a form of monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases (MIDD) which in contrast to light-chain derived (AL) amyloidosis is characterized by non-congophilic, non-fibrillary monoclonal protein deposits. Systemic organ deposits are common with the kidney being a major target organ. A clonal lymphoplasmocytic proliferation, e.g. plasmacytoma, is present in the majority of cases. Here we report on a 19-year-old male who presented with generalized seizures and an enhancing white matter lesion on MRI scans. A stereotactic brain biopsy revealed a low-grade B cell lymphoma with plasmacellular differentiation as well as lambda light chain deposits without birefringence under polarized microscopy. No systemic lymphoma manifestations or systemic light chain deposits were found, nor was a monoclonal gammopathy detectable in serum and urine. After systemic chemotherapy with three courses high-dose methotrexate the size of the lesion and the condition of the patient have remained stable for 24 months now. This is the first description of cerebral LCDD developing without systemic disease in conjunction with the diagnosis of a cerebral low-grade B cell lymphoma. We present the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings and discuss the pathogenesis of this unusual LCDD manifestation.
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PMID:A 19-year-old male with generalized seizures, unconsciousness and a deviation of gaze. 1676 60

Methotrexate is a common agent used in the management of hematological malignancies, but is often associated with the development of diverse central nervous system adverse events, such as seizures. We present a case of seizures after intrathecal administration of methotrexate, during the management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. There was complete resolution of the CNS lesions after chemotherapy along with the interval development of diffuse cerebral edema. We hypothesize that tumor lysis is the underlying mechanism of this untoward event, resulting in the corresponding clinical presentation.
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PMID:Intracranial tumor lysis and cerebral edema after administration of intrathecal methotrexate: a case report and discussion. 1984 78

A 57-year-old man suffered a generalized seizure. Brain MRI showed a Gadolinium (Gd) enhanced lesion with massive edema in the left frontal lobe. He received in a brain biopsy a diagnosis of ganglioglioma, probable. After two weeks from the biopsy, brain MRI showed spontaneous remmision of the lesion. Eighteen months after his seizure, a follow-up brain MRI showed a new lesion in the left cerebellar peduncle. However, the lesion also improved spontaneously. After 2 years from the onset, a follow-up examination showed a new lesion in the corpus callosum. At that time even though high dose corticosteroid was given with the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, the lesion enlarged progressively and uveitis occurred at the same time. He received in the second biopsy a diagnosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma We report a case of primary central nervous system lymphoma preceded by cerebral and cerebellar lesion diminishing spontaneously, with consideration of two brain biopsy at the onset and after two years.
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PMID:[A case report of primary central nervous system lymphoma preceded by cerebral and cerebellar lesion diminishing spontaneously: consideration of two brain biopsy at the onset and after two years]. 1992 90

Intracranial marginal zone B-cell lymphoma presenting as a dural-based mass is rare. A 45-year-old woman who had generalized tonic-clonic seizures and speech disturbance for 6 months was referred to our hospital. Radiology suggested a subdural hematoma (SDH). No improvement in the radiological findings or symptoms occurred with conservative follow-up. Therefore, she underwent a craniotomy for drainage of the suspected SDH. Intraoperatively, dural plaque-like thickening was observed, with no SDH, and a biopsy was performed. After histopathological and immunohistochemical studies, a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma was diagnosed. The patient underwent radiotherapy with no postoperative complications or recurrence. Early diagnosis and treatment of primary dural lymphoma is important. Histopathological evaluation is necessary for diagnosis. MRI cannot reliably differentiate between SDH and some dural lesions that present as diffuse infiltration. Therefore, these differential diagnoses should be considered.
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PMID:Primary dural lymphoma mimicking a subdural hematoma. 2007 53

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is an Epstein-Barr virus-associated multisystem disease that combines granulomatous inflammatory process with lymphoproliferative potential. It predominantly affects lungs, skin, and brain and is characterized by multifocal, transmural, angiocentric, and angiodestructive pleomorphic lymphoid infiltrate in a perivascular distribution. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is generally considered to be a neoplastic B-cell proliferation that has traditionally been associated with poor prognosis, evolving as a progressive multisystem disease transforming into B-cell lymphoma, with a median survival of 14 to 16 months only. Its lymphomatous nature explains prompt response to steroids and systemic chemotherapy, although appropriate optimal management still remains to be defined. The authors report on a young boy who presented with features of raised intracranial tension and sudden onset seizures. Neuroimaging showed 2 space-occupying lesions, larger in the left frontoparietal region with heterogeneous enhancement, moderate perifocal edema, compression, and mass effect. He underwent surgical decompression of the dominant lesion with prompt relief of symptoms. The diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis was confirmed on light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. An extensive systemic work-up ruled out other site(s) of involvement. He was successfully treated with aggressive systemic chemotherapy and moderate dose of whole-brain radiotherapy. Awareness of disease spectrum in the central nervous system may permit early diagnosis and thus allow institution of timely appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Isolated central nervous system involvement by lymphomatoid granulomatosis in an adolescent: a case report and review of literature. 2020 96


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