Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study, we provide evidences for a differential effect of perinatal alcohol exposure with a direct correlation to the genetic background on the development of seizures. Ethanol (EtOH) is a widely used psychoactive substance that exerts its action by affecting multiple targets in the central nervous system. EtOH is known to interact with almost all identified neurotransmitters although its effects on excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmissions are considered to be particularly important in the mediation of its behavioural effects. Prenatal exposure to alcohol is associated with a wide variety of offspring's abnormalities which lead to the so called foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is also related to a higher susceptibility to convulsions. In our study, a rat strain of convulsive epilepsy, the GEPRs rats, displayed an increase of seizure susceptibility after foetal exposure to this teratogenic drug, while a non-convulsive rat strain of absence epilepsy, the WAG/Rij rat, did not fully develop its characteristic features. However, when all groups of rat where tested for pentyletetrazole-induced convulsion, animals perinatally treated with ethanol were less responsive in comparison to their respective controls. These results are in agreement with previous reports showing how the genetic background can directly influence the teratogenic effects of alcohol, and this can be strictly related to the variability in the observation of offspring anomalies in humans which has lead to a 5-category classification system for individuals exposed to alcohol in uterus.
 ...
PMID:Effects of ethanol on the development of genetically determined epilepsies in rats. 1865 28

Effects of gonadal steroids on fos expression in the adult rat ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and uterus were examined using molecular hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques. Adult, ovariectomized rats were treated with estrogen (E), progesterone (P), or estrogen followed 24 h later with progesterone (E + P) and sacrificed 1-24 h after treatment. Slot blots revealed an approximately twofold increase in uterine c-fos mRNA within 3 h after receiving 10 mug E. Likewise, an increase in fos-like immunoreactivity (IR) within lumenal and glandular epithelial cells was detected at 3 h, appeared maximal at 6 h and was much reduced by 24 h after E treatment. The induction was both steroid and dose dependent-no induction of fos-like IR was observed following administration of 1 mg P, in response to a low dose of E (0.25 mug/100 g body wt), or when the low dose of E was followed 24 h later with 1 mg P. In addition, the effect was cell-specific-in no case was induction of fos-like IR within stromal or myometrial cells observed. In contrast with the uterus, no effect of E on levels of c-fos mRNA (3 or 6 h after treatment) in the VMH was observed. Sections through areas of the mediobasal hypothalamus were examined for the expression and regulation of fos-like IR. No effects of E, P, or E + P on the number of fos-like IR cells within the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, tha arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, or the medial amygdala were observed. Furthermore, no effects of E, P, or E + P on the expression of fos-like IR within other areas of the forebrain included in these sections were readily apparent. Many fos-like IR cells were consistently detected, however, within several areas of the brain including the arcuate nucleus, the cingulate cortex, the pyriform cortex, the endopyriform nucleus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the medial amygdala, and the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Immunoreactive cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and in the lateral habenula were also frequently observed. For comparison, intense fos-like IR in the hippocampal formation and in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus was observed following metrazol-induced seizure activity and water deprivation, respectively. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that estrogenic effects on uterine epithelial cells may be mediated via the induction of fos. In contrast, evidence that estrogenic effects on adult VMH neurons are mediated by fos was not observed.
 ...
PMID:Sex steroids and fos expression in rat brain and uterus. 1991 52

Chorioamnionitis (CA) is defined as an infection that can affect amniotic fluid, placenta and uterus. The chorioamnionitis is present in 10-40% of cases of maternal peripartum fever and in 50% of preterm labor. Diagnosis is based on the presence of maternal fever (>38 degrees C) at least 2 of these conditions: maternal leukocytosis (> 15,000 cells/mmc), maternal tachycardia, fetal tachycardia, stained or foul smelling amniotic fluid, uterine tenderness. Obstetric risk factors include nulliparity, presence of stained amniotic fluid, the excessive duration of labor, the presence of pathogens in the genital tract (eg, Gonorrhea, GBS, EC), and the frequency of digital vaginal examinations. In suspicion of CA membranes and placenta are usually sent for histological examination performance, but the diagnosis of CS is not always confirmed by histological or microbiological exams. Early administration of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy reduces both maternal and neonatal morbidity. The standard treatment by the administration of ampicillin and gentamicin have been shown to be safe and effective. Common maternal complications include bacteremia to septic shock, cesarean section, uterine atony with hemorrhage, pelvic abscess, maternal coagulopathy, thromboembolism and wound infections. The risk of neonatal sepsis, low seizures, low Apgar score at 5 minutes increased in the newborn. Cardiotocographic fetal monitoring should be continued during labor in cases of suspected chorioamnionitis with recourse to caesarean section as soon as signs of severe fetal distress.
 ...
PMID:[Chorioamnionitis in the delivery room]. 2109 85

We report a case of late-onset systemic toxicity due to ropivacaine over dose, and its successful reversal with 20% lipid emulsion (20% Intralipos). A 40-year-old woman, 40 kg, ASA-I, was scheduled for laparoscopy-assisted myomectomy of the uterus in which 40 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine was injected for bilateral US guided transversus abdominis plane block (TAPblock) under general anesthesia. Anesthesia proceeded uneventfully and she could go back to the ward 15 min later, but 3 hours after TAPblock, her blood pressure dropped to seventies and she became unresponsive. She also displayed clonic seizure/twitching of limbs. Immediately after diazepam 2 mg injection, clonic seizure disappeared and she could obey verbal commands. Within a few minutes clonic seizure was noted again, and she was hypotensive despite administration of vasopressors. A presumptive diagnosis of local anesthetic toxicity was made, and she received 100 ml bolus of 20% Intralipos. She regained consciousness with spontaneous return of blood pressure. She received a total of 230 ml 20% Intralipos, which was discontinued due to her rapid emergence with no further seizure episodes. This case suggests that early and sufficient use of lipid emulsion may lead to a good outcome. We recommend the immediate availability of lipid emulsion along with other emergency therapeutics at the ward after TAPblock.
 ...
PMID:[Ropivacaine-induced late-onset systemic toxicity after transversus abdominis plane block under general anesthesia: successful reversal with 20% lipid emulsion]. 2122 91

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Current thinking about pathophysiology has shifted away from embolism toward a maternal immune response to the fetus. Two immunologic mechanisms have been studied to date. Anaphylaxis appears to be doubtful while the available evidence supports a role for complement activation. With the mechanism remaining to be elucidated, AFE remains a clinical diagnosis. It is diagnosed based on one or more of four key signs/symptoms: cardiovascular collapse, respiratory distress, coagulopathy, and/or coma/seizures. The only laboratory test that reliably supports the diagnosis is the finding of fetal material in the maternal pulmonary circulation at autopsy. Perhaps the most compelling mystery surrounding AFE is not why one in 20,000 parturients are afflicted, but rather how the vast majority of women can tolerate the foreign antigenic presence of their fetus both within their uterus and circulation?
 ...
PMID:Current concepts of immunology and diagnosis in amniotic fluid embolism. 2196 40

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is an important cause of intractable epilepsy. Previous rat studies have utilized freeze lesioning of neonatal animals to model FCD; however, such models are unable to demonstrate spontaneous seizures without seizure-provoking events. Therefore, we created an animal model with multiple FCD, produced during embryonic development, and observed whether spontaneous seizures occurred. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between FCD and epileptogenesis using immunohistochemistry. At 18 days postconception, a frozen metal probe was placed bilaterally on the scalps of Sprague-Dawley rat embryos through the uterus wall to produce multiple FCD. Electroencephalogram (EEG) and video recording were performed from postnatal day (P) 35 to P77. Brain tissues were examined immunohistochemically at P28 and P78 using semiquantitative densitometry. Eleven of 16 rats (68.8%) showed spontaneous seizures arising in the hippocampus from P47. Movement cessation followed by sniffing and mastication, culminating in wet-dog shaking, was seen during the hippocampal EEG discharges. FCD was observed in the bilateral frontoparietal lobes. The expression levels of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits 1, 2A, 2B, the glutamate/aspartate transporter and the glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) at FCD sites were increased at P28 and P78. There were no major histological abnormalities in the hippocampi compared with those in the cortex. However, the expression levels of NMDAR 2A and 2B were increased at P28. Levels of NMDAR1, 2A and 2B, the glutamate/aspartate transporter and GLT1 were also increased at P78. We created an animal model showing spontaneous seizures without a provoking event except for the existence of cortical dysplasia, and without a genetic or general systematic cause like MAM injection or irradiation. The seizures resembled human temporal lobe epilepsy both clinically and on EEG. Alterations in the levels of glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors were investigated during growth. This model should enable better clarification of the mechanisms underlying the development of human epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:Spontaneous seizures in a rat model of multiple prenatal freeze lesioning. 2363 21

A 35-year-old primigravida with severe ovarian dysfunction underwent in vitro fertilization with oocytes donated by her sister. A twin pregnancy ensued, and she received prenatal care at our hospital. She underwent a cesarean section at 35 weeks' gestation because of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and breech presentation at the onset of labor. Eclampsia with a generalized seizure occurred 5 hours after the cesarean section, while the patient was receiving medical treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to an atonic uterus. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) was diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging the following day. With control of the hypertension and seizures, the condition of the patient was stabilized, and the RPLS resolved several days later. Eclampsia and RPLS associated with pregnancy can be life-threatening and are typically closely related to PIH. Thus, this case illustrates that the risk of PIH is increased in pregnancies produced with donated oocytes.
...
PMID:Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome due to eclampsia in a woman with a twin pregnancy produced with donated oocytes. 2383 8

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a relatively rare cerebrovascular disease, of which the risk has been documented in patients with numerous conditions. However, CVST has never been previously described in association with the use of a diagnostic curettage in patient with uterine fibroid. Herein, we described a 43-year-old woman who presented with recurrent convulsive seizures and severe and progressive headache 1 day after a diagnostic curettage of the uterus, which was confirmed to be uterine fibroid pathologically later, and her condition subsequently progressed to confusion. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an acute extensive thrombosis of the left transverse and sigmoid sinus and the ipsilateral cerebellum infarction. Evaluation for primary thrombophilia revealed that an iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to the fibroid bleeding induced menorrhagia together with a diagnostic curettage might be the sole hypercoagulable risk factor identified. Treatment with anticoagulation led to full recovery of her symptoms and recanalization of the thrombosis was proven on magnetic resonance venography (MRV) 2 months later. We suggest that CVST should be recognized as a potential complication related to this diagnostic technique, especially in patient with IDA. The early diagnosis and timely treatment would be of significance in improving the prognosis of this potentially lethal condition.
...
PMID:Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis following Diagnostic Curettage in a Patient with Uterine Fibroid. 2498 8

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is an important cause of intractable epilepsy. Previous rat studies have utilized freeze lesioning of neonatal animals to model FCD; however, such models are unable to demonstrate spontaneous seizures without seizure-provoking events. Therefore, we created an animal model with multiple FCD, produced during embryonic development, and observed whether spontaneous seizures occurred. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between FCD and epileptogenesis using immunohistochemistry. At 18 days postconception, a frozen metal probe was placed bilaterally on the scalps of Sprague-Dawley rat embryos through the uterus wall to produce multiple FCD. Eleven of 16 rats showed spontaneous seizures arising in the hippocampus from postnatal day47. Movement cessation followed by sniffing and mastication, culminating in wet-dog shaking, was seen during the hippocampal EEG discharges. Alterations in the levels of glutamatergic and GABA-ergic receptors were investigated during growth. We created an animal model showing spontaneous seizures without a provoking event except for the existence of cortical dysplasia, and without a genetic or general systematic cause like MAM injection or irradiation. The seizures resembled human temporal lobe epilepsy both clinically and on EEG. This model should enable better clarification of the mechanisms underlying the development of human epilepsy.
...
PMID:[Spontaneous seizures in a rat models of multiple prenatal lesioning]. 2567 28

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency characterized by a combination of metabolic derangements (hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia) caused by rapid turnover from cell destruction in certain cancers. These metabolic derangements can lead to seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, and death. TLS is usually seen after the initiation of chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. TLS occurring spontaneously, without initiation of chemotherapy, is rare and its occurrence in solid tumors is rarer still. We report a case of spontaneous TLS in a patient with leiomyosarcoma of the uterus, with metastasis to lung. Such a case has never been reported before.
 ...
PMID:Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome due to Uterine Leiomyosarcoma with Lung Metastases. 2913 3


<< Previous 1 2 3