Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 516 charts of children who presented to the Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital Emergency Department or Walk-In Clinic with a temperature of 40 C(104 F) or more were reviewed. The findings were consistent with the concept that high fever in children is most often associated with common illnesses such as upper respiratory tract infections, otitis media, pneumonia, acute gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection, etc. There were only 22 (4%) admissions from the entire group and one death, actually due to delay in seeking medical help. The incidence and recurrence of febrile seizures (24 cases) was related to the use and compliance with anticonvulsant drugs rather than antipyretic measures. Appropriate laboratory work, x-rays and cultures should be done only when consistent with clinical findings. Follow-up can be done without hospitalization or antibiotics, as most children have a benign illness. The need for treatment of the underlying cause of the fever should, of course, remain the paramount goal. With proper parental guidance and education, the use of traditional methods of lowering fever can be discouraged.
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PMID:Hyperpyrexia (temperature greater than 40 C) in children. 43 Sep 38

A 4-year-old girl who developed convulsions after an accidental ingestion of excessive dosage (50 mg/kg) of nalidixic acid, while treated with the drug (50 mg/kg/day) over 30 days for a urinary tract infection, was reported. Thirty minutes after ingestion, vomiting, tonic-clonic seizures, and abnormal movements were supervened. After ninety minutes, the serum levels of nalidixic acid and hydroxynalidixic acid were 146.1 and 48.9 microgram/ml, respectively. In controls, the mean levels of nalidixic acid and hydroxynalidixic acid were 7.8 +/- 6.8 (SD) and 3.02 +/- 2.6 microgram/ml, respectively.
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PMID:Convulsions from excessive dosage of nalidixic acid: a case report. 55 53

In a 11-year-old girl with urinary tract infection symptoms and signs of Henoch-Schoenlein syndrome developed with neurological complications in the form of headaches, vomiting slightly marked signs of pyramidal tract and cerebellar damage and severe psychomotor temporal-lobe seizures. These very violent neurological manifestations disappeared completely after control of infection. The authors point out that prognosis in Henoch-Schoenlein syndrome even with such severe neurological complications is good.
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PMID:[Case of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura with neurological complications]. 67 27

A 4-year-old Saudi female child with extreme failure to thrive, striking dysmorphic features, developmental delay, congenital hypoparathyroidism, UTI, seizures, chronic otitis media, chronic non-specific gastroenteritis and repeated life-threatening infections was followed from birth. She was the product of first-cousin consanguineous marriage. She had striking facies with frontal prominence, deep-set eyes, depressed nasal bridge, beaked nose, long philtrum with thin upper lip, micrognathia, large floppy ears, bifid uvula, and growth retardation with SD score less than -2 for height, weight and head circumference. We believe these features which include congenital hypoparathyroidism, severe growth failure and developmental delay in the absence of chromosomal abnormality represent a newly described genetically determined syndrome.
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PMID:Congenital hypoparathyroidism, seizure, extreme growth failure with developmental delay and dysmorphic features--another case of this new syndrome. 139 80

An attempt was made to evaluate the frequency of the different diseases in a given population and health area so as to establish health policy programs. A method of comparison of results was used for two pediatric clinics in two health centers, and the frequency of the different chronic diseases in the overall children population attending both centers (asthma, urinary tract infections, gastroesophageal reflux, febrile seizures, psychomotor retardation and heart diseases) was evaluated. The results of the study were similar for both clinics and also to those by other authors of comparable assessments, except for gastroesophageal reflux. Asthma and urinary tract infection had frequencies ranging from 4.3 to 5% and from 4.15 to 5%, respectively. It should also be remarked that 29% of children with esophageal reflux in our sample had episodes of urinary tract infection.
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PMID:[Chronic pathology in 2 pediatric clinics]. 249 69

One hundred forty-seven cancer patients were treated with intravenously administered ciprofloxacin, 200 mg every eight hours, as initial therapy for febrile episodes. Thirty patients (20 percent) were neutropenic (less than 1,000 neutrophils/mm3) at the onset of infection. The overall clinical response rate was 78 percent, 73 percent for neutropenic patients and 79 percent for patients with adequate neutrophil counts. Favorable responses were observed in 19 of 25 patients with bacteremia, 29 of 44 patients with pneumonia, 16 of 18 patients with skin and soft-tissue infection, nine of nine patients with urinary tract infection, 10 of 11 patients with upper respiratory infection, and 26 of 34 patients with fever of undetermined origin. Gram-negative infections were associated with a response rate of 94 percent, gram-positive infections with a response rate of 75 percent, and polymicrobial infections with a response rate of 82 percent. Resistance to ciprofloxacin did not develop and no superinfections were seen. Toxicity was minor except in one patient, in whom a seizure developed. Intravenously administered ciprofloxacin is effective and safe therapy for many infections in cancer patients.
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PMID:Intravenous ciprofloxacin for infections in cancer patients. 258 75

Employment of postoperative brain irradiation in the initial management of high-grade malignant glial tumors has now become standard. The addition of conventional chemotherapy to irradiation has not significantly improved median survival beyond 1 year. We treated 25 consecutive patients (13 pilot patients and 12 protocol patients) with histologically confirmed unresectable grade 3 or 4 malignant gliomas with high-dose BCNU (carmustine) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation and whole brain irradiation. Within 3 weeks of initial surgery, each patient had autologous bone marrow stored (median 2 X 10(8) nucleated cells/kg), and then received BCNU 1,050 mg/m2 intravenously (IV). Peripheral granulocytes recovered (greater than 500/microL) at a median of 19 days (range, 10 to 37 days), and platelets recovered (greater than 20,000/microL) at a median of 18 days (range, 13 to 40 days), following bone marrow infusion. Patients received 60 Gy whole brain irradiation when granulocytes were greater than 1,500/microL. Toxicity was well tolerated. Nausea occurred in 19 patients (76%); however, only eight patients (32%) experienced vomiting (mild in three, moderate in five). Eleven patients (44%) did not require empiric antibiotics, six of whom never developed an absolute granulocyte count less than 500/microL. Three patients with a poor performance status died early (one seizure with vomiting and asphyxiation; one, klebsiella urinary tract infection (UTI) with bacteremia; one, candidal pneumonia), and one additional patient who was performing well died of pulmonary hemorrhage. The 13 pilot patients have now been followed for a median of 23 months, with a significant survival advantage compared with the 52 consecutive historical control patients who received similar surgery and radiotherapy without high-dose BCNU (P = .037). The overall study group of 25 patients also has a significant survival advantage when compared with the same historical control group, with a projected median survival of 26 months (P = .007). This new approach using early postoperative intensive therapy consisting of high-dose BCNU, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and whole brain irradiation appears to significantly improve survival.
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PMID:Prolongation of survival for high-grade malignant gliomas with adjuvant high-dose BCNU and autologous bone marrow transplantation. 355 37

A second child with a more severe deficiency of malonyl CoA decarboxylase is described. He is mildly mentally retarded and presented with vomiting, a seizure, hypoglycaemia and mild metabolic acidosis during a urinary tract infection. The urine contained increased amounts of malonic, methylmalonic, succinic, adipic, glutaric and suberic acids. Mitochondrial malonyl CoA decarboxylase activity in cultured fibroblast extracts was 4% of the mean control value. A high fat, low carbohydrate diet led to symptomatic hypoglycaemia, a moderate metabolic acidosis and excretion in the urine of large amounts of the same organic acids and 3-hydroxybutyrate. Only relatively small quantities of malonic, methylmalonic and succinic acid were excreted in the urine when the boy was fed an isocaloric low fat, high carbohydrate diet. Acute fat and lysine loads led to increased excretion of malonic acid in the urine without affecting the excretion of the other organic acids. Experience with this patient suggests that malonyl CoA decarboxylase serves an important function in the mitochondrion by preventing accumulation of malonyl CoA. The importance of the enzyme is best seen when fat is the main metabolic fuel. The mechanisms by which malonyl CoA produces its complex metabolic effects remain to be elucidated.
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PMID:Malonyl coenzyme A decarboxylase deficiency. Clinical and biochemical findings in a second child with a more severe enzyme defect. 370 68

Several medical illnesses commonly occur in the pregnant patient admitted to the emergency department. Some, such as hyperemesis gravidarum and urinary tract infection, occur exclusively or with increased frequency in pregnancy. Thromboembolic disease is the leading cause of maternal death in pregnancies that survive the first 3 months. Sickle cell disease, seizures, diabetes, and asthma are common in young women, and the emergency physician needs to know the ways in which pregnancy alters presentation and management of these illnesses.
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PMID:Medical illness during pregnancy. 830 28

A case of cerebral tuberculoma in a 39-year-old patient who had received a renal graft from a living related donor 11 years previously is reported. The patient had a major seizure, progressive psychiatric signs and fever 5 days prior to admission. The clinical history suggested a neurological cause and rapid diagnosis of a cerebral tuberculoma was made by a computed tomography-guided stereotactic puncture of a space-occupying cerebral lesion. The aspirated pus contained Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculous therapy with isoniacid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyracinamide was administered. Transplant function deteriorated and the patient died due to intractable septicemia with multiorgan failure from pulmonary infection dissemination and additional urinary tract infection with atypical mycobacteria. The chance for a benign clinical course necessitates vigorous procedures for an early diagnosis of cerebral infections in renal transplant recipients with neurological/psychiatric signs.
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PMID:Cerebral tuberculoma 11 years after renal transplantation. 984 36


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