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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epileptic seizures and resulting incontinence of urine were effectively reduced by reinforcement of incompatible behaviour with individual programming within a general token economy system. Two treatment phases, including token and social reinforcement, during an 11 week period resulted in significant seizure reduction. Therapeutic gains were maintained in a 6 month follow-up.
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PMID:Reduction of epileptic seizures by reinforcement of bladder continence. 11 62

Post-shunt subdural hematoma was found in two patients with hydrocephalus due to subarachnoid hemorrhage. The first case was a 46-year-old man with two episodes of subarachnoid hemorrhage from anterior communicating aneurysm. Two weeks after neck-clipping for the aneurysm, a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt with Pudenz's system was performed since hydrocephalus with moderately increased pressure had been found. He did well for one month, then soon after mild head injury, disorientation and right hemiparesis developed. Cerebral angiogram revealed avascular space in the left parietotemporal region. After the ligation of the shunt tube, subdural hematoma was removed. The symptoms improved in two weeks. The second case was a 62-year-old man with an aneurysm at the trifurcation of the right middle cerebral artery. One month after successful clipping of the aneurysm, he received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt with Pudenz's system for normal pressur hydrocephalus. One and a half years after the operations he hit his head against the ground during his convulsive seizure. Since then, disorientation, urinary incontinence and gait disturbance appeared. After cerebral angiogram, the subdural hematoma was removed and the shunt tube was ligated. He became free of these symptoms in two weeks. The cerebrospinal fluid shunt is recommended for hydrocephalus induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage, but careful follow-up is necessary since these patients might develop post-shunt subdural hematoma, especially after head trauma as shown in our cases.
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PMID:[Subdural hematoma after cerebrospinal fluid shunt for hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage-report of two cases (author's transl)]. 55 37

The authors present six cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to rupture of an aneurysm of the pericallosal artery. Four of these were of the berry type and were located at the genu of the corpus callosum; in two instances the aneurysm was found at the bifurcation of an azygous or a bihemispheric pericallosal artery respectively. A fifth lesion was of the fusiform type and the sixth one represented most probably a false aneurysm. All patients have been operated upon, but in three only clipping of the neck was feasable. In the remainder one pericallosal or the azygos artery was occluded intentionally. Postoperatively, severe mental perturbation, incontinence and seizures were encountered, but all symptoms cleared during the follow-up period, and subarachnoid hemorrhage never recurred.
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PMID:[Aneurysms of the distal anterior cerebral artery]. 75 83

A 40-year-old man was admitted after 8 months of speech disturbance and locomotive ataxia. He had no seizures, lightning pains, paresthesia, visual loss, bladder disturbance or rectal incontinence. He had never been neurologically or psychiatrically ill and had no history of syphilis. When the patient was admitted, his general physical examination including blood pressure and dermatologic examination was normal. His consciousness was alert. He was found to have a deterioration of mental status such as inability to concentrate, failing memory, amnesia and circumstantiality. His pupils were anisocoric and Achilles jerks were absent. No rigidity of the neck muscles, paralysis and sensory disturbance were recognized. Romberg's sign was absent. The right pupil was 7.0 mm and the left was 6.0 mm in room illumination. The pupils were nonreactive to bright light and both did not constricted to near stimuli. 0.125% pilocarpine eyedrops produced bilateral pupillary constriction. The results indicated bilateral tonic pupils. Laboratory data revealed white cell count of 12,600/mm3 and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 8 mm/hr. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed the following: opening pressure, 140 mm of water; cell counts, 76/mm2 (mononuclear cells); total protein, 116 mg/dl; glucose, 57 mg/dl. A serum venereal disease research laboratories (VDRL) test was positive in a 1:32 titer confirmed by positive treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test in a 1:40,960 titer and positive fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test. Serum TPHA-IgM was positive in a 1:320 titer but TPHA-IgG was negative. CSF examination revealed positive TPHA test (titer of 1:2,560) and positive FTA-ABS test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of early syphilis presenting general paresis-like symptoms and bilateral tonic pupils]. 130 Feb 74

A 73-year-old man was admitted with gait disturbance and dysarthria. He showed right-side cerebellar ataxia. Computed tomography of brain showed left thalamic bleeding. Nine months later, he was admitted again because of seizure and consciousness disturbance. He had a history of diabetes mellitus and gout for five years, but no hypertension. On physical examination the lungs and heart were normal. On neurological examination, he showed stupor,pupils and eye position were normal. He showed right hemiparesis and urinary incontinence. The deep tendon reflexes were (+) at the upper limbs and (2+) at the right knee and ankle. Blood pressure was 162/88 mmHg and glucose was 275 mg/dl. Other laboratory data were normal. Brain CT showed hemorrhage of the left frontal lobe. The cystatin C level in cerebrospinal fluid was 68 ng/ml. Therefore we suspected cystatin C deposit amyloid angiopathy. In this case, thalamic hemorrhage was initially thought to be amyloid angiopathy. In cases of cerebral hemorrhage in the elderly without hypertension, we must be considered amyloid angiopathy.
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PMID:[A case of recurrent cerebral hemorrhage considered to be cerebral amyloid angiopathy by cerebrospinal fluid examination]. 143 57

Acute encephalopathy following treatment with ifosfamide and mesna was observed in 5 (4 women and 1 men) of 28 patients (17.8%), with advanced sarcoma, lymphoma or ovarian carcinoma. This appeared within 2 to 7 days following the first dose of ifosfamide treatment, and included mental status changes, urinary incontinence, weakness, seizure activity, altered consciousness and psychiatric manifestations. Three cases were fatal, while two patients recovered completely. Brain CT and morphometric studies were normal in all the patients. Associated findings were myelosuppression, renal failure and electrolyte alterations.
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PMID:Encephalopathy in ifosfamide-treated patients. 148 35

To date, in publications on hamartomas, precocious puberty and laughing seizures have been discussed, but behavioural and cognitive abnormalities have been neglected. Therefore, we report a 14-year-old girl with a proven hamartoma, in which abnormalities of behaviour and cognition played an important role within the somatopsychic complex. In our patient, urinary incontinence during the seizures and psychiatric symptoms, such as eating disorder with obesity, school phobia, antisocial behaviour, withdrawal and cognitive problems (e.g. general slowness, deficiency of cognitive flexibility) came to the fore. The girl had not attended school regularly for almost 2 years, had stayed at home and was overtaxed psychosocially. The seizures and the urinary incontinence improved with drug treatment, but psychiatric difficulties increased and remained untreated until the girl came to a child psychiatric inpatient clinic where drug treatment and behavioural therapy were combined. During well-coordinated neurological and psychiatric treatment the laughing seizures (spontaneous, event-related, psychogenic) decreased and a considerable improvement in psychiatric and psychosocial problems was attained. Consequently, we recommend a close and timely integration of the psychiatric aspects in the treatment of children with hamartomas.
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PMID:Psychiatric disturbances in children with hamartomas: a neglected somatopsychic issue. A case report. 149 56

Thirty-nine cases of primary intracranial arachnoid cyst in the elderly, including one case of our own, were analyzed. Clinical characteristics in these patients were as follows. (1) The number of patients decreased with age, but there were no differences according to sex. (2) Clinical manifestations were similar to those of chronic subdural haematoma or normal pressure hydrocephalus including dementia, urinary incontinence, and hemiparesis. General symptoms such as headache and seizures were also present. (3) Surgery was performed in most patients with generally good outcome regardless of operative procedures (capsular resection vs. shunt). (4) In some cases of advanced age, disease manifestation may have been due to slight head injuries.
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PMID:Primary intracranial arachnoid cyst in the elderly: a survey on 39 cases. 179 42

We studied 94 consecutive patients (age 15 or over) to investigate which aspects of the history and clinical findings help to distinguish seizures from syncope and related conditions. Clonic movements or automatism observed by an eyewitness classified an event as a seizure. The seizure group consisted of 41 patients and the syncope group of 53 patients. The likelihood ratio was used to calculate the predictive power of single findings and logistic regression to analyse combinations of findings. The best discriminatory finding was orientation immediately after the event according to the eyewitness and the age of the patient in the absence of an eyewitness report (P less than 0.001). We found a seizure five times more likely than syncope if the patient was disoriented after the event and three times more likely if the patient was less than 45 years of age. Nausea or sweating before the event were useful to exclude a seizure. Incontinence and trauma were not discriminative findings.
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PMID:Transient loss of consciousness: the value of the history for distinguishing seizure from syncope. 203 Mar 71

A 60-year-old white man presented with aphasia, seizures, paraparesis, and incontinence. His serologic and hematologic profiles were unremarkable. His cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis, increased daily central nervous system IgG synthesis, increased myelin basic protein, and negative cytology and cultures. Cerebral computed tomography exhibited multiple areas of hypodensity but spinal computed tomography and myelography showed no abnormalities. Cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed areas of increased signal on T2-weighted images. The use of gadolinium-pentetic acid on T1-weighted images delineated smaller areas of cortical enhancement with surrounding rim of decreased signal. Brain biopsy showed intravascular malignant cells positive for leukocyte common antigen and B-cell markers. The diagnosis was neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis (intravascular lymphomatosis). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of both cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging in this condition.
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PMID:Neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis. 237


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