Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred forty-seven cancer patients were treated with intravenously administered ciprofloxacin, 200 mg every eight hours, as initial therapy for febrile episodes. Thirty patients (20 percent) were neutropenic (less than 1,000 neutrophils/mm3) at the onset of infection. The overall clinical response rate was 78 percent, 73 percent for neutropenic patients and 79 percent for patients with adequate neutrophil counts. Favorable responses were observed in 19 of 25 patients with bacteremia, 29 of 44 patients with pneumonia, 16 of 18 patients with skin and soft-tissue infection, nine of nine patients with urinary tract infection, 10 of 11 patients with upper respiratory infection, and 26 of 34 patients with fever of undetermined origin. Gram-negative infections were associated with a response rate of 94 percent, gram-positive infections with a response rate of 75 percent, and polymicrobial infections with a response rate of 82 percent. Resistance to ciprofloxacin did not develop and no superinfections were seen. Toxicity was minor except in one patient, in whom a seizure developed. Intravenously administered ciprofloxacin is effective and safe therapy for many infections in cancer patients.
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PMID:Intravenous ciprofloxacin for infections in cancer patients. 258 75

A previously healthy five years old boy, following a mild nonspecific upper respiratory infection developed, fever (39 degrees C), vomiting, clouding of consciousness and focal seizures. The CSF showed a mononuclear cell reaction with negative bacterial and viral cultures. A cranial CT scan on the 4th day of admission showed bilateral low density lesions on the basal ganglia region. After 30 days of severe involvement of muscle tone (rigidity) which kept the patient immobilized in bed and without a meaningful communication with his surroundings, improvement was noticed. A repeated CT scan 40 days after admission, was considered normal. Two months after the beginning of disease, patient's physical examination was normal. This case shows striking clinical and radiological similarities to the ones described by Aicardi and Goutieres in 1982 and most likely is explained by bilateral basal ganglia edema complicating viral encephalitis. Mumps virus, being so far, the most commonly implicated.
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PMID:[Acute neurologic dysfunction associated with a hypodensity of the basal ganglia]. 375 44

Fifteen patients experienced theophylline-related seizures at our institution over the past 3 years. Thirteen of the patients were receiving oral maintenance theophylline therapy while two patients were on IV therapy at the time of their episode. The serum theophylline concentration (STC) obtained 1.8 +/- 1.5 hours after the seizure was 26 +/- 11 micrograms/mL, although this level was not obtained until 5.2 +/- 2 hours after the last oral dose. Factors potentially decreasing theophylline metabolism (URI, abnormal liver functions, cimetidine therapy) were noted in 11/15 (73%) of the patients. This varied significantly from a control group of asymptomatic patients (P less than .01). Ten of thirteen patients on oral therapy were receiving solid-dose theophylline prescriptions over 17 mg/kg/day and differed from the control group (19 +/- 8 v 14 +/- 4, P less than .01). An abnormal neurologic history, brain scan, or head CT was noted in 11/15 (73%); however, there was no acute mortality or neurologic morbidity noted in this series. The clinical features of our patients differed from previously reported cases with respect to a lower STC, higher incidence of underlying CNS problems, higher percentage of patients on oral therapy, and the absence of serious morbidity or mortality.
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PMID:Predisposing factors to apparent theophylline-induced seizures. 399 71

A child with a febrile seizure is a common cause of admission in a general paediatric ward in Malaysia. We set out to look prospectively into the clinical and epidemiological features of these children. A total of 117 children were admitted into the study. The ratio of boys to girls were 1.5:1.0. The racial breakdown was 62.4% Malays, 26.5% Indians, 8.5% Chinese and 2.6% others. The first febrile seizure occurred before the age of three years in 92.9% of our patients. The highest number of febrile seizures was in the six to 12 months age group. The average length of seizure was 9.5 minutes and the majority were non-recurrent. Febrile seizures with complex features occurred in 33.3% of the children. Upper respiratory tract infection was the most common cause of fever in our patients. There was a family history of seizures (febrile or afebrile) in 26.5% of patients.
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PMID:Febrile seizures in Malaysian children: epidemiology and clinical features. 767 69

Through interviews with parents, data were gathered about 910 first febrile seizures in children aged 8 to 34 months. A male preponderance of 57% was found (P < .001). In 29% of cases, there was a family history of febrile seizures. Eighteen percent of seizures were focal, and 7% lasted 15 minutes or more. Focal seizures were much more likely to be of long duration (P < .001). Otitis media was diagnosed in 32% of cases, and tonsillitis or upper respiratory infection in 12%. When compared to febrile seizures after the first birthday, febrile seizures in children aged 8 to 11 months were more than twice as likely to be longer than 15 minutes (P = .015). They were also much more likely to be followed by further seizures in the same illness (P < .001). Thus, febrile seizures in children younger than 1 year are more likely to have the characteristics known to increase the risk of later nonfebrile seizures.
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PMID:First febrile seizures. Characteristics of the child, the seizure, and the illness. 805 Feb 54

There are various identifiable diseases or conditions that can cause apparent life-threatening events (ALTE; e.g. gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and seizures). Nineteen infants with ALTE (mean age: 4.3 months) were brought to our hospital between June 1986 and August 1991. The causes of these ALTE were investigated. Analysis of laboratory data, radiological studies and esophageal function tests led to the diagnosis of GER in six of 19 infants; pertussis in five; upper respiratory infection in three; vagotonia-like condition with esophageal dysfunction in two; laryngostenosis with cerebral palsy in two; choking on food or drink in two; and epilepsy in one infant. Two cases (one case of pertussis and one of vagotonia-like condition) were associated with GER. Some of the cases demonstrate that ALTE in infants may be induced by GER or some esophageal dysmotility. Further studies of ALTE are needed to ascertain how frequently GER or esophageal dysmotility is responsible for ALTE.
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PMID:Etiology of 19 infants with apparent life-threatening events: relationship between apnea and esophageal dysfunction. 837 22

The following is a case study involving a 13-year-old girl who presented initial symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. One week later she experienced a short seizure and hours later a grand mal seizure. MRI examination of the brain demonstrated multiple changing abnormal foci of increased density in white and gray matter suggestive of a vasculitic inflammatory pattern. As a result of proteinuria and red cell casts on urinalysis, a renal biopsy was performed resulting in a diagnosis of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). We concluded on the basis of the MRI that vasculitis was secondary to APSGN. The following paper is a description of our findings in this case and a review of the literature supporting this new interpretation of CNS disease due to APSGN.
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PMID:Cerebral vasculitis associated with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. 905 59

Topimarate (Topamax) is a novel antiepileptic drug. Its mode of action is multifactorial and involves blockage of voltage-dependent sodium channels. The drug was detected in a 15-year-old epileptic who died soon after switching seizure prescriptions. Topimarate was recovered by basic extraction with ethyl acetate and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring. Ions monitored were m/z 324 and m/z 110 for topiramate and m/z 98 for the internal standard mepivacane. The drug was quantitated in blood, vitreous humor, bile, stomach content, and liver: the concentrations were 8.9, 12.4, and 10.9 mg/L, 31 mg/total content, and 29 mg/kg, respectively. Topiramate was detected in urine but not quantitated. Other drugs identified in this case were 0.45 mg/L nordiazepam and 0.05 mg/L oxazepam in blood. No alcohol was detected in any of the specimens. The cause of death was seizure disorder with upper respiratory infection. The manner of death was determined as natural. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of topiramate in postmortem specimens.
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PMID:Distribution of topiramate in a medical examiner's case. 1051 68

A prospective study of 203 children admitted with a first febrile seizure was carried out over 18 months. Aseptic meningitis was diagnosed in nine children (4%). The mean age of the children was 19.9 months and the peak age incidence (88%) was between 6 months and 3 years. Complex seizures were seen in 16 cases (8%). There was a history of perinatal asphyxia in 16 patients (8%), positive family history of epilepsy in 3%, of first degree relatives and a history of febrile seizures in siblings in 13%. Upper respiratory tract infection was the commonest triggering factor, diagnosed in 53% of cases. The third child was the most commonly affected (22%) in the family. There was a lower incidence of both complex febrile seizures and history of seizures in siblings compared to other studies. Lumbar puncture should be considered for all children below the age of 2 years, presenting with a first febrile seizure.
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PMID:Demographic characteristics and risk factors of first febrile seizures: a Jordanian experience. 1084 18

A 5-year-old boy with a peculiar type of post-encephalitic/encephalopathic epilepsy is reported. He had been healthy showing normal development before its onset. Five days after the onset of an upper respiratory infection, he had a severe generalized seizure, that evolved into intractable seizures. They were highly resistant to almost all anticonvulsants and occasionally resulted in status epilepticus. High-dose phenobarbital therapy successfully controlled the convulsions, but was discontinued because of drug-induced aplastic anemia. Alternative bromide therapy was markedly effective in controlling the seizures.
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PMID:[A case of peculiar type of post-encephalitic/encephalopathic epilepsy: efficacy of bromide in the control of intractable seizures]. 1149 80


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