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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 3 patients with tuberous sclerosis computed tomography showed numerous low-density areas suggestive of brain demyelination. In addition, solitary small subependymal calcifications were noted. These features in an infant or child with unexplained seizures should alert one to the diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis.
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PMID:Atypical findings on computed tomography in tuberous sclerosis. Case reports. 674 Apr 49

To evaluate the usefulness of CT in detecting unexpected brain lesions in epileptics, scan results were analyzed in a consecutive series of 196 adult epileptics in whom there was no known etiology for their seizures nor any abnormality on neurological examination. Nineteen additional epileptics, selected on the basis of an unexpected positive CT were also included for analysis. In the consecutive series, the overall incidence of abnormal scans was 16% with the highest yield (44%) found in patients with partial elementary seizures. Partial seizures secondarily generalized were correlated with a significantly higher CT positivity than purely partial seizures. Patients with seizures for less than six months more frequently showed CT abnormalities than patients with a longer history. In 25 of 51 cases with abnormal scans a specific lesion amenable to therapy was detected, including 16 neoplasms and 5 arteriovenous malformations. Other lesions included generalized or focal atrophy, infarcts, calcified lesions of tuberous sclerosis, unexplained calcifications and focal low-density or enhancing lesions.
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PMID:The role of computed cranial tomography (CT) in epilepsy. 683 22

The relationship between the onset of seizures, immunisation dates and degree of mental handicap was reviewed among children with tuberous sclerosis. Profound handicap occurred in those children who had an early onset of seizures. There was no evidence that pertussis vaccine caused additional brain-damage.
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PMID:Tuberous sclerosis: a survey of 97 cases. I: Seizures, pertussis immunisation and handicap. 687 97

We report a girl with tuberous sclerosis. Diagnostic criteria when she was 6 years included mental retardation, seizures and characteristic skin lesions. Disease was revealed in the first 4 months of life by marked abdominal distension due to polycystic kidney disease. This case is strikingly similar to those recently published in the pediatric literature. The similarity is further increased by histological data concerning changes in the epithelium of the cyst, that seem to be specific; the early recognition of these changes should lead to a diagnosis of tuberous sclerous sclerosis in the first months of life.
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PMID:[Tuberous sclerosis presenting early in life as a polycystic kidney disease (author's transl)]. 706 19

In two sets of male homozygous twins with tuberous sclerosis, one twin in each set suffered frequent generalized seizures from early life, and the second either had no seizures or had only short-lived seizures. One twin of each pair is of normal intelligence, and the other is mentally subnormal. We propose that generalized seizures occurring in early life are an important mechanism in an apparently progressive dementing process in some infants and children with tuberous sclerosis. If our assumption is correct, an early attempt to control generalized seizures in these patients is indicated even in the presence of the cortical, subcortical, and subependymal pathologic changes characteristic of cerebral tuberous sclerosis.
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PMID:Tuberous sclerosis, early onset of seizures, and mental subnormality: study of discordant homozygous twins. 720 Oct 91

Thirteen cases of intraventricular tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis are described. The most common picture showed the "forme fruste", i.e. there were no signs of the typical clinical triad - metal retardation, seizures, and adenoma sebaceum - and there was usually no family history of tuberous sclerosis. There was a high incidence of increased intracranial pressure (76,9%). CT has made possible the preoperative diagnosis of an intraventricular tumor which is suggestive of tuberous sclerosis. The best surgical results were obtained by total excision of the tumor. The shunt procedures are discussed as a temporary surgery for relief of increased intracranial pressure and as a preparation of the patient for the final excision of the tumor. All the tumors were classified as subependymal giant cell astrocytomas according to the new classification of the World Health Organization.
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PMID:Tuberous sclerosis - neurosurgical indications in intraventricular tumors. 723 85

Brain tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis are often found in the wall of the ventricles near the foramen of Monro and present with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure due to occlusion of the CSF pathway. The authors reported a case of such a brain tumor which presented predominantly focal neurological signs because of a large cyst function. This 8-year-and-4-month old girl experienced her first seizure attack at the age of 1-year-and-3-month. Six moths before admission, she complained of headache which lasted for several days. CT scans at that time revealed mass lesions in both lateral ventricles which were mildly dilated. A round low density area, considered to be a cyst, was found lateral to the calcified tumor of the left lateral ventricle extending into the adjacent parenchyma. Two months later, she noticed weakness in her right extremities, difficulty in buttoning and tendency to stumbling, and these were slowly progressive. Her past history was non-contributory. CT examinations of her mother and elder brother with adenoma sebaceum indicated that both had multiple calcifications in the ventricular walls and they were clinically diagnosed as having an incomplete form of tuberous sclerosis. On admission to the Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University Hospital on March 23, 1979, the patient was noted to have right hemiparesis and hyper-reflexia. She could barely walk but was unable to write with her right hand. Fundoscopic examination was normal. On general physical examinations, characteristic skin lesions including adenoma sebaceum, shagreen patch and depigmented patches were found. The second CT scans taken at the time of admission revealed that the low density area markedly enlarged, while the size of the tumors and ventricles remained essentially unchanged. A left parietal craniotomy was performed with a preoperative diagnosis of cystic tumor of the lateral ventricle associated with tuberous sclerosis. The tumor in the left lateral ventricle was found extending from the trigone to the anterior horn beyond the foramen of Monro. Histopathological diagnosis of typicaL benign giant-celled astrocytoma was made. The immediate postoperative course was uneventful except for a temporary worsening of the right motor weakness. V-P shunt was necessary because she developed signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus two weeks after operation. At the time of dismissal from the hospital one month postoperatively, she was neurologically free except for the mild right hemiparesis. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first reported in the literature, in which a brain tumor associated with cyst formation verified in a patient of tuberous sclerosis.
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PMID:[Cystic brain tumor associated with tuberous sclerosis -familial occurrence of tuberous sclerosis with normal intelligence- (author's transl)]. 724 95

Tuberous sclerosis classically presents a triad of mental deficiency, seizures and adenoma sebaceum. Among the ocular manifestations are astrocytic hamartomas in the retina. This paper describes the case of a 24-year-old man with tuberous sclerosis who had recurrent vitreous hemorrhage from a large epipapillary astrocytic hamartoma in the left eye. Pars plana vitrectomy cleared the vitreous and bimanual bipolar coagulation of tumor bleeding points was done. Fragments of the friable tumor were obtained with the vitrectomy instrument and were prepared for tissue culture, histology, and electron microscopy. Although pars plana vitrectomy offers certain advantages over other methods of biopsy, it does present a danger of extraocular seeding of malignant cells; therefore, it is not recommended in cases with probable intraocular malignancy.
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PMID:Vitreous hemorrhage complicating retinal astrocytic hamartoma. 728 Sep 93

Of 62 children seen at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, who had tuberous sclerosis (TS), 58 had a history of seizures (developing during the first year of life in 37) and mental retardation was diagnosed in 51. Classic congenital hypopigmented patches were present in 42 and adenoma sebaceum occurred in 26 of the patients. Computed tomography (CT) is an essential diagnostic tool. We conclude that TS is more common than has been believed. Seizures are the most common manifestation of the disease and the hypopigmented patches, its first cutaneous manifestation, are present at an early age. When a positive diagnosis has been made, parents and siblings should be examined for signs of TS, keeping in the mind the wide spectrum of findings in this condition; if not stigmata are present on examination, then a CT scan should be considered for parents of reproductive age so that proper genetic counseling can be given.
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PMID:Tuberous sclerosis complex in children. 729 92

A 12 years and 8 months old girl with tuberous sclerosis developed focal motor and sensory seizures and hemiplegias initially right-sided and later left-sided. Cerebral angiography showed bilateral and symmetrical vascular network with teleangiectasias in the region of the basal ganglia and bilateral stenoses and ectasias of the middle cerebral artery. It is discussed whether this is a case of atypical Moyamoya disease or whether the bilateral basal networks are blood vessel dysplasias and part of the neurocutaneous phakomatosis.
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PMID:[Moyamoya like vascular disease in tuberous sclerosis (author's transl)]. 733 98


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