Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

37 cases of cerebral hemispheric tumours are presented. These make up 23,1% of all the intracranial tumours observed over a period of 11 years in a Child Neurology Service. 19 cases were males and 18 females. Their ages were between 16 days and 7 1/2 years. Vomiting and headache were usually the first symptoms followed by seizures, frequently of the focal kind. Motor difficulties used to appear later. 69.6% of the cases presented a malfunctioning focus on the E.E.G. on the side of the tumor. The simple cranial X-Rays showed firstly widening of the fronto-parietal sutures, intracranial calcifications were seen in some of the cases with ependymonas and piloid astrocytoma in patients with Bourneville's disease. Pneumoencephalography as well as carotid angiography, radioisotope examination and computerized tomography gave us very positive results in the localization and determination of the size of the tumor. The ependymomas showed pathological vascularization regularly. The nature of the tumours corresponded to: 14 cases of ependymoma, 8 cases of astrocytoma I and II types, 1 case of astrocytoma of types III and IV, 3 cases of plexus papilloma, 2 cases of meningioma, 1 case of sarcoma of the basal ganglia, 1 case of teratoma, 3 cases of indifferentiated malignant tumours, 4 cases not proven. There was a 20% survival of patients five years later.
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PMID:[Cerebral tumours in infancy (author's transl)]. 90 Jun 62

As a casuistic contribution to differential diagnosis of thrombosis of cerebral veins and sinuses a case of occlusion of sinus sagittalis superior by infiltration of an intracerebral metastasis from a teratoma of testis is reported. The leading symptoms - epileptic seizures, progressive hemiplegia, choked papilla and clouding of consciousness - gave rise to the tentative diagnosis of a cerebral tumor; in carotis angiography however, the metastasis was not detected, merely the occlusion of the sinus was demonstrated. Therefore the progress of the syndrome was misinterpreted as caused by an advancement of a venous thrombosis. Only autopsy showed the symptomless primary tumor and its formation of metastases.
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PMID:[Occlusion of sinus sagittalis superior by infiltration of a tumor metastasis (author's transl)]. 104 Dec 51

Congenital brain tumors have been reported infrequently and their management remains ill defined. An 11-year review (1977-1987) of all children with brain tumors with the onset of symptoms before 1 year of age was completed. Twenty-two children with the following histological diagnoses were treated: astrocytoma (7 patients), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (6 patients), papilloma or carcinoma of the choroid plexus (3 patients), malignant teratoma (2 patients), dermoid tumor (2 patients), embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (1 patient), and chloroma (1 patient). Fifteen tumors were supratentorial in location, and 7 were infratentorial. Initial symptoms were hydrocephalus (32%), focal neurological deficit (23%), asymptomatic increase in head circumference (18%), failure to thrive (14%), and seizures (4.5%). The goal of treatment was a radical excision when possible, with primary chemotherapy in the last 6 years of the review period. Radiation therapy was the adjunct to surgery in the initial 5-year period. All patients with papillomas of the choroid plexus and dermoid lesions underwent a total resection with no recurrence. All 7 astrocytomas were supratentorial, with 6 occurring in the diencephalon. Five of the seven patients with astrocytomas survived more than 5 years. The 6 primitive neuroectodermal tumors were located equally between the supra- and infratentorial spaces. Four of the 6 infants with these tumors received chemotherapy (2 received chemotherapy alone; 2 received chemotherapy and radiation therapy) and are tumor free 2 to 9 years later. A fifth child received radiation therapy alone early in the series and survived only 4 months. The family of the other child refused adjunctive treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Brain tumors occurring before 1 year of age: a retrospective reviews of 22 cases in an 11-year period (1977-1987). 165 61

The clinical and histopathological features of 19 patients with tumors involving the septum pellucidum are presented. These tumors predominantly affected young adults, and the clinical manifestations were usually the results of raised intracranial pressure related to obstructive hydrocephalus, mental abnormality, epileptic seizures, or a combination of these. Seventeen of the tumors grew mainly in the lateral and third ventricles, and the other 2 grew both into the lateral ventricle and the cerebral parenchyma. The direction of cellular differentiation of the tumor cells varied from patient to patient and consisted of 8 neurocytomas, 1 mature neuronal tumor with ganglionic and small round neuronal cells, 3 subependymomas, 3 subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, 2 pilocytic astrocytomas, 1 malignant astrocytoma, and 1 teratoma with embryonal carcinoma. These tumors were considered to have arisen from the multipotential cells in the subependymal plate or germ cell rests in the lateral ventricular wall, especially in the septum pellucidum. Because of the relatively inert biological behavior and histological features of most of these tumors, we favor the malformative theory of their origin. Either total or an extensive excision of the tumors in this series, which had developed mainly in the ventricular system, provided long-term survival in many cases.
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PMID:Tumors of the lateral ventricular wall, especially the septum pellucidum: clinical presentation and variations in pathological features. 238 40

Detection of an intraventricular or intratumoral fat-fluid level on the plain craniograms has been known as a characteristic sign indicating the presence of intracranial teratomatous tumors. On CT scans, however, only thirteen cases have been previously reported to be found an intraventricular and/or subarachnoid free fat associated with spontaneous ruptures of these tumors. We reported a case of pineal teratoma with intraventricular free-fat seen on CT scans. A nine-year-old male with precocious puberty was admitted to our hospital complaining a moderate nonpulsatile headache. Neurological examinations were normal without signs of meningeal irritation. The serum and CSF titer of HCG were raised markedly. The laboratory data of the CSF were normal and there were no pathological cells in the CSF. The CT scans revealed a large heterogeneous mass containing multiple areas of negative density in the pineal region. There were negative density droplets in the bilateral frontal horn on the same CT scans indicating a presence of free fats. At surgery, an yellowish oily material was drained from the tumor, but there was no sign of meningitis over the cortical surface of the occipital lobe. An intraventricular free fat on CT scan have been reported in fourteen cases including ours following the first case described by Fawcitt in 1976. Although most of the cases presented headache, only two cases was diagnosed clinically as chemical meningitis. Pathological changes indicating granulomatous meningitis, however, were noted in five cases, all of them presenting seizure attacks.
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PMID:[A case of pineal teratoma with intraventricular free fat seen in CT scan]. 382 57

A three-year-old girl with disseminated malignant teratoma was treated by palliative radiotherapy to her pulmonary metastases. She developed seizure followed by absence of cerebral function and death ensued in 36 hours. Computerized scan of brain was negative prior to death. The main finding at autopsy was occlusion of the carotid and cerebral arteries by necrotic tumour. Widespread cerebral tumour embolization may be an unusual terminal event in cancer patients with pulmonary metastases.
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PMID:Sudden cerebral death in malignant presacral teratoma. 404 78

Brain tumors are, after leukemias, the most frequent fatal neoplasms of infancy. The clinical features and symptoms are often markedly different from those observed in the adult forms, according to the peculiar anatomy and behaviour of the child. Persistent headache, vomiting, astenia , behavioral alterations may be the precocious findings. Later, some more specific and suggestive signs such as strabismus, dyplopia , fast head size increase, funduscopic alterations, ataxia, paresis and nystagmus may be observed. On their appearance a prompt diagnostic work-up should be performed. The tumors of the posterior fossa (cerebellar astrocytoma and medulloblastoma, brainstem glyoma , hependimoma in decreasing order of frequency) generally cause precocious symptoms because of the small dimension of the subtentorial space; the presence in this region of several fundamental nuclei and pathways may explain how also small tumors may cause severe deficits. Supratentorial tumors (astrocytoma, malignant glyoma , hependimoma , craniofaringioma ) often show a more prolonged latency and may begin with signs of endocranial hypertension, seizures, or sometimes with hormonal troubles according to the involved anatomic structures. Hypothalamic astrocytoma is responsible of an extreme weight loss as far as to a cachetic status, due to the hyperincretion of GH. Finally, plexus papilloma, dermoid, optic nerve glyoma , oligodendroglyoma , germinoma, teratoma are responsible of a small number of child brain tumors, with different localization and symptomatology.
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PMID:[Clinical course of brain tumors in childhood]. 673 95

Twenty year old boy was admitted because of a recent history of generalized seizures and papilledema. Neurological examination was essentially negative except papilledema in the both optic fundi. A history of polydipsia or polyuria was not obtained. CT scan showed bifrontal cystic lesions and cyst walls were partly enhanced. Midline frontal nodules around the foramen of Monro were also revealed by enhancement. Operation was performed and biopsy specimen showed typical histology of germinoma with a small focus of squamous epithels. Postoperatively, the patient's urinary output increased temporalily up to 5,000 ml per day under steroid administration. Shortly after irradiation, cysts decreased in size and all enhanced lesions disappeared completely. The patient is fully working without disturbance one and half year after the onset. Close relationship of germinoma and teratoma was briefly reviewed in literature.
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PMID:[Bifrontal cystic tumor--a form of suprasellar germinoma (author's transl)]. 738 54

Neonatal intracranial teratoma is rare and early attempts at surgical treatment are not usually successful. We describe an exceptionally rare case of neonatal intracranial tumor in the lateral ventricle composed of multiple cysts with little mass content which was highly suspected of teratoma and treated successfully by microsurgery. A 55-day-old male was admitted to our hospital with complaints of convulsive seizure. Examination found no obvious neurological deficit except mild enlargement and bulging of anterior fontanel. There were no abnormal laboratory findings. Computerized tomography with contrast medium revealed an 8 cm multicystic lesion with little mass content in the right lateral ventricle and hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the cystic content as slightly higher in intensity than CSF on the T1-weighted image and of higher intensity than CSF on the T2-weighted image. The cyst wall was enhanced on T1-weighted image with gadolinium. The aqueduct was obstructed by compression due to the intraventricular cyst. A right occipitoparietal craniotomy was performed, which disclosed a hair in the cyst wall, two huge cysts, and independence of the intracystic lesion from the lateral ventricle. The tumor was removed except for a small part adjacent to the pineal region, from which the tumor had presumably originated. Mature teratoma was highly suspected on the basis of the hair in the cyst wall and histological examination of the specimen, which revealed hamartomatous tissues derived from two germ cell layers. After surgery, his hydrocephalus was improved and convulsive seizures were reduced remarkably. He was discharged ten days later and is being followed up. Reoperation will be performed if regrowth of the residual tumor occurs.
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PMID:[Neonatal intracranial tumor highly suspected of teratoma in the lateral ventricle consisting of multiple cysts: case report]. 962 53

Topotecan appears to be relatively unaffected by the most common multidrug resistance mechanisms, may potentiate cytotoxicity of alkylators, has good penetration into the central nervous system, is active against a variety of neoplasms, and has myelosuppression as its paramount toxicity. We present our experience with a myeloablative regimen that includes topotecan. Twenty-one patients with poor-prognosis tumors and intact function of key organs received topotecan 2 mg/m2 by 30-min intravenous (i.v.) infusion on days -8, -7, -6, -5, -4; thiotepa 300 mg/m2 by 3 h i.v. infusion on days -8, -7, -6; and carboplatin by 4 h i.v. infusion on days -5, -4, -3 with a daily dose derived from the pediatric Calvert formula, using a targeted area under the curve of seven mg/ml* min ( approximately 500 mg/m2/day). Stem cell rescue was on day 0. The patients were 1 to 29 (median 4) years old; 18 were in complete remission (CR) and three in partial remission (PR). Early toxicities were severe mucositis and erythema with superficial peeling in all patients and a seizure, hypertension, and renal insufficiency followed by veno-occlusive disease in one patient each. Post-transplant treatment included radiotherapy alone (four patients) or plus biological agents (11 patients with neuroblastoma). With a follow-up of 6+ to 32+ (median 11+) months, event-free survivors include 10/11 neuroblastoma patients (first CR), 4/5 brain tumor patients (second PR or CR), 1/3 patients with metastatic Ewing's sarcoma (first or second CR), and a patient transplanted for multiply recurrent immature ovarian teratoma; a patient with desmoplastic small round-cell tumor (second PR) had progressive disease at 8 months. Favorable results for disease control, manageable toxicity, and the antitumor profiles of topotecan, thiotepa, and carboplatin, support use of this three-drug regimen in the treatment of neuroblastoma and brain tumors; applicability to other tumors is still uncertain.
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PMID:Topotecan combined with myeloablative doses of thiotepa and carboplatin for neuroblastoma, brain tumors, and other poor-risk solid tumors in children and young adults. 1160 67


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