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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A man temporarily developed an organic personality change, psychosis and epilepsy after a frontal lobe operation for a subarachnoid haemorrhage. While affected, he set fire to his house. The arson is thought to have been a direct result of a seizure. The case and its legal management are discussed.
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PMID:Epilepsy and arson. 259 34

Although much has been written on the response of the heart to various intracerebral events including seizures, ischemia, intracerebral, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, less is known of the cerebral response to altered cardiac rhythm, cardiac failure, and cardiac arrest. The latter may alter central neuronal activity, cerebral blood flow, or cause ischemic damage. Such changes in cerebral function may lead to loss of consciousness, seizures, and focal neurologic deficits at the clinical level.
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PMID:Neurologic manifestations of cardiac disease. 267 32

Intracranial mycotic aneurysms (IMA) occur in 1-3% of all infective endocarditis. Although spontaneous resolution was evidenced on serial angiograms in many asymptomatic cases, the prognosis, if they rupture, is reported to be worse and partly contingent on the therapeutic approach. Among 12 patients (six acute and six subacute endocarditis) with ruptured IMA, six were treated surgically and four were treated medically. Two patients died during rupture before any treatment could be started. Six patients had a sudden rupture manifested by coma, less clear consciousness seizures, hemiparesis unilateral mydriasis. CT-Scan showed intracerebral, intraventricular and subarachnoid haemorrhage. Ten angiograms showed 11 IMA. For patients with ruptured IMA, the decision for surgical treatment was made in the presence of deepening coma and extensive mass-lesion on CT-scan (one of six died in the postoperative period). Others received medical treatment (four cases: all survived) and were followed-up with serial angiographies. Of the nine patients who survived, five remained free of any disability 1-4 years later. We suggest that the prognosis of ruptured IMA (25% mortality rate) is not as bad as previously reported if surgery following angiography is performed early in the presence of deepening coma and extensive lesion.
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PMID:Prognosis of ruptured intracranial mycotic aneurysms: a review of 12 cases. 280 80

We conducted a review of 98 cases of pediatric traumatic parietal skull fracture in which computed tomographic (CT) scans of the head were obtained during a seven-year period. There were 69 instances of an associated intracranial lesion identified in 47 children, including parenchymal injury (23), epidural hematoma (17), subdural hematoma (11), cerebral edema (ten), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (eight). Compared with 51 other children with parietal skull fracture and normal CT scans, the clinical characteristics significantly associated with the presence of an intracranial lesion were symptoms of neurologic dysfunction (loss or altered level of consciousness and/or seizure activity), neurologic compromise on examination (altered level of consciousness and/or focal deficit), or complicated skull fracture (bilateral, diastatic, and/or depressed). Of the 47 children with an intracranial lesion on CT scan, 44 had at least one of these significant clinical characteristics (sensitivity, 93%; specificity, 50%; positive-predictive value, 62%; and negative-predictive value, 96%). Children who sustain traumatic parietal skull fracture commonly experience associated intracranial injury. Those with evidence of neurologic deficit or complicated skull fracture are at particularly high risk, and should receive cranial CT scan evaluation.
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PMID:Clinical indicators of intracranial lesion on computed tomographic scan in children with parietal skull fracture. 291 90

Autonomic dysreflexia has potentially life-threatening consequences in quadriplegics and high paraplegics. Seizures, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and fatal stroke may result. This article explains the pathophysiology of autonomic dysreflexia. Appropriate nursing interventions to prevent serious complications are described.
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PMID:Pathophysiology involved in autonomic dysreflexia. 293 55

Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is the major ingredient in more than 70 over-the-counter preparations including diet pills, nasal decongestants, and the legal "look-alike" stimulants. Structurally and functionally similar to amphetamine and ephedrine, PPA has recently been associated with several neurological manifestations including psychosis, stroke, severe headache, seizures, and intracerebral hematoma. We report a case of intracerebral hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage in a young woman with angiographic and biopsy-proven vasculitis of the central nervous system (CNS) induced by PPA in her diet pills. From review of the literature, we distinguish drug-induced vasculitis as a separate entity from primary CNS vasculitis, both clinically and pathologically. This report should alert physicians, in general, to this potentially fatal side effect of PPA, a commonly used over-the-counter drug. Also, neurosurgeons in particular should consider the possibility of drug-induced vasculitis when faced with cases of intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage without apparent cause.
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PMID:Phenylpropanolamine: an over-the-counter drug causing central nervous system vasculitis and intracerebral hemorrhage. Case report and review. 295 31

A survey is given on the vascular and neuronal effects of calcium antagonists under physiological and pathological conditions. Special emphasis is put on vasospasm caused by subarachnoid haemorrhage and on postischaemic cerebral hypoperfusion following different forms of cerebral ischaemia, and on the attempts to influence these phenomena pharmacologically. Regarding its neuronal effects it seems likely that nimodipine potently blocks calcium entry during pathological conditions like cerebral ischaemia and spreading cortical depression. Positive effects also have been seen during epileptic seizures and withdrawal syndromes, whereas calcium entry under normal physiological conditions does not appear to be affected. Possible clinical consequences are discussed.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular and cerebral effects of nimodipine--an update. 306 38

The ideal treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is thought to be the total resection of nidus. We have been reporting the importance of temporary occlusion of the feeding arteries with the aid of the brain protective substances to prolong the permissible time of occluding these arteries. Because of the difficulty of access to the feeding arteries, some cases are difficult or even impossible to operate. In this communication, four cases of AVM which were successfully resected utilizing intraoperative balloon occlusion of feeders under the administration of the brain protective substances are reported. Case 1. A 14-year-old female was admitted to our clinic because of subarachnoid hemorrhage with ventricular rupture and left cerebellar hemorrhage. Angiography disclosed a large left cerebellopontine angle AVM fed by left anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and left superior cerebellar arteries (SCAs). Prior to the operation, two balloon catheters were introduced via transfemoral approach; one into the AICA and the other into the basilar artery where left SCAs originated. To prolong the permissible time of occluding these arteries, "Sendai cocktail" (20% mannitol, vitamin E and dexamethazone) and perfluorochemicals were administered. Auditory brain stem response (ABR) was monitored continuously during the operation. The nidus was resected totally with safe using temporary inflation of these balloon catheters. The patient returned to normal life. Case 2. A 35-year-old male was admitted to our clinic complaining of the attack of generalized convulsive seizure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of AVMs occluding these feeders during removal--utilizing the intraoperative balloon catheter and brain protective substances ("Sendai cocktail"]. 308 84

The initial evaluation of patients with seizure disorders frequently includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination in order to identify an underlying cerebral lesion. With increasing use of computed tomography (CT) scanning to detect cerebral neoplasms, the value of CSF examination has become less certain. The significance of mild CSF abnormalities in patients with a normal CT scan remains unknown. We reviewed the records of 95 patients with adult onset partial epilepsy whose initial evaluation included CSF examination and CT scan. A CSF abnormality not temporally related to convulsive seizure was seen in 24 patients (25%). The CSF study confirmed a clinically suspect subarachnoid hemorrhage in 4 patients. Isolated mild (49-106 mg/dl) increases in CSF protein were seen in 19 patients. Of these 19 patients, 8 had a structural lesion on CT scan. Clinical follow-up of the other 11 patients (mean 5 years) has revealed no evidence of a focal lesion or increasing seizure frequency. This suggests that in an adult population with partial epilepsy routine CSF examination may not be necessary and should be reserved for situations in which there is particular clinical indication.
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PMID:The utility of cerebrospinal fluid examination in patients with partial epilepsy. 334 71

The pathophysiological notions of hemodilution treatment of ischemic seizures with plasma expanders indicates the significance of microcirculation. Microcirculation disorders arise from the interrelations of hemodynamic, vascular, and hemorrheologic factors. It seems that hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch reduces peripheral microcirculation disorders, thus inhibiting the development of cerebral edema. In the case of subarachnoid hemorrhage, the hemorrheologic factors deteriorate less severely when given antifibrinolytic treatment with Aprotinin. Simultaneous hemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch can counterbalance the already existing changes.
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PMID:[Disorders of microcirculation in subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage]. 338 Sep 29


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