Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The period of survival in the group of 36 boys and 18 girls with SSPE, as well as the condition of 13 living persons were examined. 30 children were treated with isoprinosine. A 3 years-long period of survival was significantly more frequent in the group of 18 children with long-term therapy by isoprinosine in comparison to 24 children without isoprinosine administration. The best results were observed in children with subacute course of the illness and many epileptic seizures. The 13 living persons are strongly damaged. One girl is decerebrated and 5 patients are completely helpless. The indications to isoprinosine therapy in SSPE are discussed.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the results of treatment of SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis) with isoprinosine]. 245 Nov 85

A new operative approach has been designed for the relief of medically intractable focal epilepsy. It is intended particularly to be used in those cases where the epileptogenic lesion lies in "unresectable" cortex; that is, those cerebral regions subserving speech, memory, and primary motor and sensory function. The procedure is based upon experimental evidence indicating 1) that epileptogenic discharge requires substantial side-to-side or horizontal interaction of cortical neurons, and 2) that the major functional properties of cortical tissue depend upon the vertical fiber connections of the columnar units. The technique requires severing of tangential intracortical fibers while preserving the vertical fiber connections of both incoming and outgoing nerve pathways and of the penetrating blood vessels which also have a vertical orientation. In this study, the effect of multiple subpial transection was assessed on both function and seizure control. The effect on function was reviewed in 32 cases; only 20 cases were evaluated with respect to seizure control, since a follow-up period of 5 years or more (5 to 22 years) is required before conclusions can be drawn. Multiple subpial transection was applied to the precentral gyrus in 16 cases, the postcentral gyrus in six, Broca's area in five, and Wernicke's area in five. With respect to function, the major finding was that none of the 32 patients has suffered a clinically significant behavioral deficit (although subtle deficits could be detected by careful neurological examination). Complete control of seizures has been obtained in 11 (55%) of the 20 cases evaluated. Nine patients developed recurrent seizures consequent to progressive disease unsuspected before operation (Rasmussen's encephalitis in five, tumor in three, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in one). In none of these cases, however, did the recurrent seizures arise in the transected zone. Thus, the results indicate that multiple subpial transection is about as effective as standard excisional therapy, and can be successfully employed when epileptogenic lesions encroach upon cortical territories, the removal of which would be functionally incapacitating.
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PMID:Multiple subpial transection: a new approach to the surgical treatment of focal epilepsy. 250 54

The analysis is reported of the frequency of epileptic seizures in 125 cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Sporadic, periodic and recurrent seizures were isolated. Seizures developed in 42% of cases, mostly in the II phase of the disease. The most serious clinical problem are difficulties in the differentiation between involuntary movements of the type of complex moyclonia and atonic-myoclonic seizures. In the electrophysiological evaluation of use may be finding in EEG of triphasic sharp waves and spike-wave complexes, apart from generalized periodic discharges characteristic for SSPE. A greater possibility of differentiation between epileptic seizures and involuntary movements is opened by monitoring examination or 24-hour EEG recording.
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PMID:[Epileptic attacks in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)]. 251 16

A case of SSPE is reported and discussed; in all the evolution of this history, epileptic seizures were precocious (a long time before the onset of characteristic features of the disease) and dominant. The Authors, also on the basis of the literature (a definite pattern of evolution of epilepsy within SSPE is not reported), emphasize that this disease must be however considered among the possible aetiologies of an epileptic syndrome with onset in childhood.
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PMID:[Epileptic crisis at the onset of SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis): considerations apropos of a case]. 323 87

We measured local cerebral glucose utilization in 19 patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LG), partial seizures (PS), atypical and classical phenylketonuria (PKU), Leigh disease, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), using positron emission tomography (PET). The mean values of regional glucose utilization in interictal scans of LG were significantly reduced in all brain regions when compared with that of PS (P less than 0.005). PET studies of glucose utilization in LG revealed more widespread hypometabolism than in PS. Two siblings with dihydropteridine reductase deficiency, a patient with classical PKU, and a boy with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency showed reduced glucose utilization in the caudate and putamen. A marked decrease in glucose utilization was found in the cortical gray matter of a patient with rapidly progressive SSPE, despite relatively preserved utilization in the caudate and putamen. The PET study of a patient with slowly progressive SSPE revealed patterns and values of glucose utilization similar to those of the control. Thus, PET provided a useful clue toward understanding brain dysfunction in LG, PS, PKU, Leigh disease, and SSPE.
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PMID:Cerebral glucose utilization in pediatric neurological disorders determined by positron emission tomography. 349 26

We report a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in a 52 year-old man, who developed rapidly progressive mental deterioration, myoclonic seizures, quadriplegia, and remained incapacitated until his death 4 years after the onset of symptoms. Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic studies are reported. Titers of measles virus antibodies were consistently high in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and periodic synchronous discharges were recorded on EEG. Suppressed cellular immunity was noted in skin test with phytohemagglutinin. The brain was extensively destroyed by inflammatory processes. There were either laminar or widespread areas of cortical necrosis associated with neuronophagia, neuronal loss, glial proliferation, and perivascular lymphocytic cuffing. Numerous intranuclear inclusions, in the neurons and glial cells, stained with immunoperoxidase using antiserum to SSPE virus; ultrastructurally, these inclusions were made of tubular nucleocapsids of paramyxovirus. Neurofibrillary changes were occasionally encountered in the pigmented neurons. The white matter showed extensive loss of myelinated fibers and increased numbers of astrocytes with bizarre nuclei. This well-documented case of SSPE in an adult might be related to a condition of impaired cellular immunity.
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PMID:Adult-onset subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: immunocytochemical and electron microscopic demonstration of the viral antigen. 355 53

Out of over 100 children with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome observed in the Outpatient Clinic and Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Health Center the authors present 6 cases in which the course of the disease was progressive and devastating. The main signs were astatic-myoclonic and generalized seizures, regression of psychomotor development, followed by mental regression, pareses of extremities, decortication symptoms and somatic cachexia. The authors suggest that the clinical course, the character of epileptic seizures very poor prognosis in certain children with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome make the syndrome similar in its clinical aspects to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and require careful differential diagnosis for excluding the latter disease.
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PMID:[Epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic attacks (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome) with particularly unfavorable course]. 393 Sep 80

Generalized and focal periodic EEG patterns were studied in 62 patients. Generalized periodic suppression bursts and generalized periodic slow-wave complexes (GPSC) occurred in patients under anesthesia or drug intoxication, and with anoxic/metabolic encephalopathies. When these conditions were excluded, GPSC indicated the diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis or other encephalitides. Suppression bursts in comatose patients after cardiorespiratory arrest indicate an unfavorable outcome. Generalized periodic triphasic waves occurred only in patients with metabolic-anoxic encephalopathies. Generalized repetitive sharp transients were observed in patients with anoxic encephalopathy. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (26 cases) were associated with clinical seizures in 24 cases and were noted almost exclusively in destructive hemispherical lesions. Periodicity represents a profound disruption of normal electrophysiological rhythms and indicates either structural or functional involvement of cortical and subcortical structures.
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PMID:Clinical significance of periodic EEG patterns. 676 64

A 20-year-old girl developed a subacute neurological illness characterized by seizures and epilepsia partialis continua, which resulted in her death within 10 weeks of her first symptom. Although she had a history of unusual reactions to viral infections, there was no evidence of any underlying disorder resulting in immunosuppression. Histopathology demonstrated the presence of dense infection with measles virus. The unusual clinical features of this cases suggest that measles virus may be responsible for a wide spectrum of neurological disease ranging from measles inclusion body encephalitis on the one hand to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis on the other.
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PMID:Measles virus and subacute neurological disease: an unusual presentation of measles inclusion body encephalitis. 681 26

We studied the frequency of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with various neurological diseases. We used a micromethod employing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that required only 50 microliters of unconcentrated CSF. Oligoclonal bands were detected in the CSF of 95% of the patients with multiple sclerosis, 90% with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and 100% with herpes simplex encephalitis, but less frequently in other central nervous system infections. No oligoclonal bands were detected in the CSF of patients with Parkinson, Huntington, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, or herniated disc diseases. Bands were detected in some patients with Alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular accident, idiopathic vertigo, idiopathic seizures, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, polyneuropathy, and central nervous system glioma. Patients with other conditions infrequently had positive bands. The determination of oligoclonal bands is a useful aid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and herpes simplex encephalitis. The presence of oligoclonal bands indicates an immunological response but is not diagnostic for a particular condition.
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PMID:Oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid in various neurological diseases. 683 75


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