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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Late-onset chronic progressive panencephalitis developed in a 12-year-old boy with congenital rubella syndrome from whose brain rubella virus was isolated. Progressive dementia began at eight, and ataxia, choreiform movements, myoclonic seizures, and fine perimacular pigmentation appeared at 11 years of age. The cerebrospinal fluid was minimally pleocytotic and had a total protein of 156 mg per deciliter, of which 52 per cent was gamma globulin. Electroencephalography demonstrated generalized medium and occasional high-voltage slowing without burst suppression. The antibody titer to rubella virus (hemagglutination inhibition) was 1:8192 in serum and 1:256 in cerebrospinal fluid. Antibody titer to measles virus (complement fixation) was less than 1:8 in serum. Microscopical study of biopsied brain tissue at the age of 11 disclosed panencephalitis similar to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, but with perivascular deposits and without inclusion bodies. Rubella virus was isolated from the brain by cocultivation with CV-1 cells.
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PMID:Chronic progressive panencephalitis due to rubella virus simulating subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. 4 49

Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) occurring during treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may be of leukemic or nonleukemic origin. Well known examples for CNS disease of nonleukemic origin are somnolence following prophylactic CNS irradiation, methotrexate-induced encephalopathy and acute infections caused by bacteria, viruses and toxoplasma gondii. Less known is the fact that also subacute CNS infections may occur in patients undergoing cytostatic therapy. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) are examples of this category of disease. Up to now 11 well documented cases of SSPE were reported occurring during treatment of ALL. Main clinical features were disorders of behaviour, consciousness and speach, seizures, paresis and inappropriate secretion of ADH. Several authors were able to demonstrate a deficiency of cellular immunity in patients with SSPE. In some cases this deficiency was consistent with reduced reactivity of T-lymphocytes against measles antigen only. The presence of inhibiting factors may be responsible for this phenomenon. Other authors found a normal or increased function of cellular immunity in SSPE; In hamsters occurrence of SSPE is induced by the simultaneous injection of hamster-adapted SSPE virus and antihamster lymphocyte serum. We, therefore, conclude that also in humans SSPE appearing during treatment of ALL is due to immunosuppression.
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PMID:[Non-leukemic disease of the central nervous system in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. III. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (author's transl)]. 36 90

We report a seven-year follow-up of identical twins, in one of whom subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) developed. Primary measles infection occurred simultaneous in both twins at age 4. The affected twin sustained a grade 1 closed head injury within six months of her primary measles infection. At age 13, SSPE was diagnosed following the onset of personality change and myoclonic seizures. Measles antibody level was elevated in the serum and CSF. After remaining in stage 2 for five years, rapid mental and neurological deterioration occurred. Measles antibody level remained elevated, and oligoclonal IgG was present in both serum and CSF. Results of neurological examination as well as virological and immunological tests were normal in the unaffected twin. Besides the occurrence of head injury, factors known to be associated with SSPE were not obviously different in the twins. We have been unable to determine a difference that would easily explain the occurrence of SSPE in only one of two identical twins.
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PMID:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in only one of identical twins. A seven-year follow-up. 50 50

Although subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) often presents with a characteristic EEG pattern, a 13-year-old boy with a confirmed diagnosis of SSPE had several EEG features that are unusual for this condition, namely, generalized sharp and slow wave (slow spike and wave) discharges during the waking record, an electrodecremental pattern associated with clinical seizures, and activation of the typical periodic complexes of SSPE only during sleep.
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PMID:Generalized sharp and slow wave and electrodecremental seizure pattern in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. 124 59

Review of electroencephalography (EEG) requests at KNH over a 3 year period is presented. Majority of patients were aged between 0 and 10 years. None was older than 80 years. The epilepsies were the commonest reason for requesting EEG (58.5%). SSPE had the highest positivity rate of 91.7% followed by convulsive states of uncertain aetiology. The symptom of headache by itself was the least rewarding to study by EEG. It was more rewarding to first attempt to make a diagnosis of the headache. Hysteria had an EEG positivity rate of 40%, most of them being epilepsy. EEG picture for petit-mal, epilepsy focal seizure and generalized seizures are included in the text.
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PMID:The experience with electroencephalography at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. 164 44

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) has become rare since the widespread use of the measles vaccine. In this patient with a 5 month history of seizures and progressive dementia due to SSPE, the atypical electroencephalographic pattern was characterized by generalized spike-and-wave discharges, maximal on the right, associated with clinical seizures. After diazepam (intravenously), more typical periodic complexes appeared.
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PMID:Atypical electroencephalographic pattern in a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. 170 53

A 12-year-old girl with multiple sclerosis (MS) with periodic synchronous discharge (PSD) on electroencephalogram (EEG) is reported. The patient developed clonic seizure of both arms at the age of 10. The muscle strength of left hand and both legs were decreased and her school records were declined at the age of 12. On neurological examination, the patient showed mild intellectual disturbance, mild weakness of face and extremities and bilateral decreased DTRs. Her gait was slightly ataxic. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed an oligoclonal band. Serial CT scans disclosed ring enhancements in the regions corresponding to clinical symptoms (right central gyrus on Sep. '85, right lower and middle temporal gyri, and mesial site of occipital lobe on Oct. '85, right cerebellum on Jan. '86). The same lesions were visualized as a high signal intensity on T2 weight images and as a low signal intensity on T1 weight images on MRI. The attack of seizure occurs more frequently in children with than adults with MS. However, as far as we know in the cases of children with MS, there were no reports of PSD which was usually seen in the cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The pathomechanism of PSD is speculated to be suffered from subcortical damage.
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PMID:[A case report of childhood multiple sclerosis with periodic synchronous discharge on EEG]. 176 Feb 10

A retrospective study of 36 confirmed cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) was carried out to detect any variation in the clinical and EEG patterns previously described. There were 31 males and 5 females, aged 4 to 24 years. Onset of SSPE at or after 15 years of age was observed in 22.2% of cases. Rapid progression of the disease was observed in 52%. The first symptom was myoclonus in 61.6%, mental regression in 22.2% and generalised seizures in 11.1% of cases. Low positive measles antibody titres in the CSF were found in 36.1% of cases. EEG analysis revealed slow background in 69.2% and periodic complexes in 94.4% of cases. Atypical periodic complexes, focal abnormalities and paroxysms of bisynchronus sharp activity were also observed.
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PMID:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. 181 21

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is reported in a 16-year-old girl with a 2 1/2-year history of right-sided simple partial sensory and motor seizures. The seizures were verified with video-electroencephalographic monitoring, showing left frontal epileptic activity. After an initial response to antiepileptic medication, her seizures became intractable, and mild, right-hemisphere signs developed. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an extensive right-hemisphere infiltrative lesion, thought to be a neoplasm. Cortical brain biopsy raised the possibility of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and this was confirmed serologically. The case highlights the importance of considering subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in the differential diagnosis of intractable seizures and demonstrates that strikingly asymmetrical magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities are not inconsistent with this diagnosis.
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PMID:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis presenting as simple partial seizures. 204 31

Despite the fact that measles is severe and presents in very young Black children in Natal, South Africa, no case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis was reported from this region prior to 1982. A retrospective study was therefore made over the six-year period 1982-1987 of 18 patients who presented to the King Edward VIII teaching hospital, Durban, with clinical and laboratory features of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The majority of patients (66 per cent) were between 8 and 12 years of age. The mean age of onset was 9.3 years, the youngest patient being four years nine months and the oldest 14 years. The male to female ratio was 1.25:1. A previous history of primary measles infection was obtained in 44.4 per cent of cases; 62.5 per cent occurred before the second birthday. The commonest mode of presentation was personality, intellectual and behaviour disorders (83 per cent) followed by myoclonic seizures (61 per cent) and choreiform movements (28 per cent). Measles antibody was present in the CSF in all cases. The EEG was abnormal in all recorded cases with pathognomonic periodic complexes being found in 56.2 per cent. Confirmation of the diagnosis was provided by brain biopsy in two cases and by necropsy in one case. The findings of this study suggest that subacute sclerosing panencephalitis may not be as uncommon in Black children as has hitherto been thought.
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PMID:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in black children--a review of 18 cases. 221 87


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