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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report their experience with parenteral lorazepam in the acute treatment of 11 patients with EEG-confirmed status epilepticus. Ten adults and one 6-year-old child were injected respectively with 5 mg and 2.5 mg lorazepam. All of these patients exhibited prompt cessation of seizures both electrical and clinical. Some data indicate a longer lasting relief than that provided by an equal dose of diazepam.
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PMID:Preliminary study of parenteral lorazepam in status epilepticus. 0 39

Lorazepam, a dichloro-3-hydroxy-1,4-benzodiazepine, has been shown to be a potent anticonvulsant in animal models of epilsepsy and has minimal depressant effects on respiration and circulation in humans. The effects of this compound were studied in status epilepticus. Twenty-five patients were given intravenous lorazepam during status epilepticus of varying cause. Four or 8 mg of the drug controlled status in 22 of the 25 patients. Although single seizures recurred in 5 of the 22 patients, none experienced recurrence of status during a prolonged follow-up period. Transient respiratory arrest occurred in 1 patient, but no other significant complications were observed. Studies of plasma drug levels suggest that most patients attain good seizure control at concentrations between 30 and 100 ng per milliliter. Clinical observations indicate that repetitive injections are not required for continuing control of seizures in patients whose seizures are initially controlled. Lorazepam appears to be an effective and safe drug for treatment of status epilepticus, with a duration of control longer than that achieved with diazepam.
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PMID:Lorazepam in status epilepticus. 4 12

Seven patients admitted to hospital during or immediately after status epilepticus or recurrent episodes of grand-mal seizures had very high concentrations of uric acid in their blood at a time when the blood-urea was normal in five of them. The blood-lactic-acid was high in the five patients in whom it was measured. All of the patients developed reversible renal failure, and two required haemodialysis. The blood-uric-acid should be measured in patients who have had prolonged seizures, and the measures which might be taken in hyperuricaemic patients to prevent the development of acute renal failure include rehydration, alkalinisation of urine, and, where alkalinisation is impossible, haemodialysis.
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PMID:Hyperuricaemic acute renal failure after epileptic seizures. 5 Nov 91

Local blood flow, ECoG and single cortical neurone activity were recorded simultaneously from single microelectrodes in 17 cats. Seizures were induced by repeated intravenous injections of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 10-20 mg/kg) or by local application of 1 M Na-penicillin. Seven to 20 sec after appearance of burst activity in cortical neurones and ECoG, focal flow increased up to 300% of control. The extent of this flow increase was significantly correlated with the change in firing rate of the neurones. With cessation of seizure activity the flow returned to or below control values. Forty to 70 mg/kg PTZ caused status epilepticus with high voltage rhythmic discharges lasting 30 min-2 h. In 3 cats with status, the flow decreased below control despite persisting seizures, indicative of uncoupling between activity and flow. The delayed coupling between activity and flow during drug-induced seizures indicates a metabolic mediator. Uncoupling observed in cases with long lasting seizures may be due to brain oedema following increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier.
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PMID:Coupling between neuronal activity and focal blood flow in experimental seizures. 8 43

A child had complex partial status epilepticus after resection of a craniopharyngioma. The status epilepticus was manifested by confusion and documented electroencephalographically by continuous focal seizure patterns in the right temporal region. Complex partial status epilepticus is an electroclinical syndrome of prolonged or repetitive complex partial seizures (with continuous interictal confusion) accompanied by electroencephalographic seizure patterns, which are either focal (usually temporal lobe) or secondarily generalized from a focal pacemaker.
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PMID:Complex partial status epilepticus: case report and proposal for diagnostic criteria. 9 91

Intra-amygdaloid unilateral application of low doses of kainic acid rapidly elicits, in both chronic and acute conditions, secondarily generalized convulsive seizures which often culminate in fatal true status epilepticus unless appropriate anti-epileptic drugs are provided. Spontaneous recurrent seizures are observed for several hours starting approximately 10 min. after the application of kainic acid. In addition to the primary degeneration in the amygdaloid complex, a secondary cell loss is seen in CA3 area of the dorsal hippocampus. It is suggested that this procedure may constitute a particularly suitable model for the study of true focalized status epilepticus.
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PMID:[Epileptogenic action of intra-amygdaloid injection of kainic acid]. 10 52

The authors describe the electro-clinical state of four children having a type of epilepsy clinically characterized by rare partial motor seizures and frequent absences. From E.E.G. point of view they had focal (mainly frontal) and diffuse abnormalities. Such diffuse abnormalities became continuous during slow sleep, thus realizing an electrical status epilepticus. During such status partial subclinical seizures were recorded. At the onset such cases have electroclinical features resembling those observed in the form of epilepsy so-called "benign partial epilepsy of children with rolandic or mid-temporal foci". All cases, however, have behavioural problems (instability, desorientation) and decreased school performances. The epilepsy evolution, however, is favourable and such form should consequently be distinguished from the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
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PMID:[Benign focal epilepsy and "electrical status epilepticus" during sleep (author's transl)]. 10 75

Two patients, aged 23 and 74 years, manifested prolonged episodes of mildly impaired consciousness in conjunction with rhythmical spike waves or spikes (mostly 3/s). This paroxysmal EEG activity was consistently accentuated unilaterally over the superior frontal regions. The first patient showed ictal aphasia and occasional right hemiparesis during these episodes, and partial left frontal lobectomy resulted in temporary freedom from seizures. The classification of these ictal episodes is difficult. They apparently fall into the category of absence status (petit mal status), but the focal neurological signs do not fit the presently valid definitions of absence status, nor does the lack of symmetrical bilateral-synchronous paroxysmal discharges. Perhaps a special category of status epilepticus should be established.
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PMID:Absence status (petit mal status) with focal characteristics. 11 Feb 95

Mogadon as a parenteral solution was employed for treating status epilepticus (15 cases), intermitent epileptic seizures (10 cases), Lennox syndrome (14 cases), myoclonic seizures (5 cases) and absences (6 cases). The dosage layed between 3,3 mg and 10 mg according to each individual case. Status epilepticus and intermitent seizures disappeared following the injection and so did the irritative EEG alterations. Remission was observed in 10 Lennox cases while the remaining 4 improved. Mogadon abolished myoclonic seizures, in some cases beyond 6 hours. In simple absence improvement was also evident, although more shortlived than in myoclonic seizures. Sleepiness was side-effect, occurring in some cases.
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PMID:[Intravenous mogadon in epileptic patients. Clinico-electroencephalographic study]. 11 52

An elderly man had focal motor status epilepticus secondary to a frontal lobe hematoma. Phenytoin, phenobarbital, and diazepam did not stop the seizures. Intravenous lidocaine by bolus injection and continuous infusion rapidly controlled the seizures.
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PMID:Lidocaine: a neglected anticonvulsant? 11 54


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