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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Orbital cellulitis is rare. However the high risk of severe ocular and neurological complications make early diagnosis and adequate therapy essential. The purpose of this retrospective study is to describe 33 cases observed in the pediatric infectious disease department of the Casablanca Children's Hospital in Morocco from 1994 to 2000. Orbital cellulitis was preseptal in 24 patients and retroseptal in 9. Infection occurred in relation with sinusitis in 10 cases, polydermitis in 8, wound infection in 6, ocular infection in 2, and dental abscess in 2. Ages ranged from 40 days to 15 years with a mean age of 5 years. Infants accounted for 25% of cases and always presented preseptal cellulitis. Fever and local edema were noted in all patients. Exophthalmia occurred in six patients and seizures in 2. The 9 cases of retroseptal cellulitis were complicated by empyema in 2 cases, meningitis in 1 case and thrombophlebitis of cavernous sinus with cerebromalacia in 1 case. Bacteriological testing identified micro-organisms in 10 cases, i.e., Staphylococcus aureus in 6 cases, Streptococcus B in 1, Streptococcus pyogenes in 1, Enterobacter Cloacae in land Acinitobacter jejuni in 1 case. Therapy was based on broad-spectrum antibiotics in association with surgery in the patient presenting in intracranial abscess. Ophthalmoplegia-like sequels including blindness, aphasia, and motor deficit occurred in 2 patients. Orbital cellulitis in children are usually preseptal and have a favorable prognosis. However prompt and adequate antibiotherapy is essential due to the risk of retroseptal involvement with inflammatory palpberal edema and possible cerebral extension.
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PMID:[Orbital cellulitis in children: a retrospective study of 33]. 1561 87

During the reign of Alfonso X of Castile one of the most flourishing cultural periods of European history was reached. The so-called Learned King contributed to this development by promoting the use of Castilian as the language of scientific discovery instead of Latin, and favoring the recovery of Arabic origin manuscripts in the Toledo Translators' School. Where the wise men from the "three cultures" (Christian, Islamic and Jewish) worked together in harmony to perpetuate classical knowledge. The aim of this paper is to analyze neurological pathology in the period concerned. The Learned King suffered from several neurologic syndromes including delirium and coma. He also showed chronic maxillary sinusitis with orbital involvement, trigeminal neuralgia and visual loss. Furthermore, in the "Cantigas" he described miraculous treatments of several disorders including seizures, leprous neuropathy, dementia, rabies, and ergotism.
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PMID:[Neurology in the court of the Learned King]. 1581 54

A 53-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of high fever and abnormal chest radiograph shadows. Chest X-ray on admission showed a nodular shadow in the right upper lung field and a mass shadow with a cavity in the left middle lung field. Laboratory data indicated leukocytosis and elevation of C-reactive protein. Pulmonary suppuration was suspected, panipenem/betamipron was prescribed, but a mass and consolidation developed, and the medication was changed to ciprofloxacin. Convulsive seizures with loss of consciousness appeared after the change to ciprofloxacin. Lumbar puncture revealed pleocytosis with a predominance of mononuclear cells (198/3) and elevated protein(83 mg/dl). Brain CT showed no abnormal image, and acute aseptic meningitis was diagnosed and was treated with cefotaxime, clindamycin, fluconazole, acicrovir and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. However, the treatment did not result in symptomatic improvement, and brain MRI showed intracranial disorders. Serum PR3-ANCA was elevated to 15 U/ml. Taken together with chest X-ray, sinusitis and clinical course, a generalized form of Wegener's granulomatosis was diagnosed. She was given 60 mg/day of prednisolone, 100 mg/day of cyclophosphamide and 9 g/day of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and progressively improved. In this process, enhanced MR images showed thickened dural enhancement of the falx and bilateral anterior regions, which showed improvement on brain MRI at 8 months after starting treatment. We report a rare case of Wegener's granulomatosis accompanied with pachymeningitis and white matter lesions.
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PMID:[A suspected case of Wegener granulomatosis accompanied with pachymeningitis and white matter lesions]. 1591 57

Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterized by at least one motor and one verbal tic with duration of more than one year with no 3-month period without tics. It is one of the most common childhood movement disorders and often causes significant morbidity in the children it affects. TS as well as its numerous comorbidities are often under-recognized if the clinical suspicion of the physician is not high. In this review, we describe two patients with TS that varied in their degree of symptoms and treatment. We would like to emphasize with this review that TS occurs more commonly than it is diagnosed and is often confused with other conditions, such as seasonal allergies, sinusitis, and seizures. Correct diagnosis is important in order to allow appropriate treatment and to improve the quality of life for these patients.
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PMID:Case reports and review of Tourette syndrome. 1749 77

A 10-year-old girl presented with an episode of seizure following oste omyelitis of the frontal bone and subperiosteal abscess due to frontal sinusitis. CT scan confirmed osteomeyelitis of the frontal bone and subperiosteal abscess. At surgery, the subperiosteal abscess and contiguous subdural abscess was drained and sequestrectomy of the affected frontal bone done. Broad spectrum antibiotics and anticonvulsant were given for 4 weeks. The patient recovered without residual problems and has remained well at 5 years of follow up. Pott's puffy tumor is now relatively uncommon and associated seizure is unusual. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is necessary to avoid severe neurological complications and sequelae.
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PMID:Pott's puffy tumour: a case report. 1925 24

Early clinical data must lead to suspect bacterial meningitis if fever, the most frequent sign, is present and if it is associated with more or less constant neurological and meningeal signs (consciousness impairment, headache, neck stiffness, focal neurological deficit, seizure, etc.). A skin rash is frequent in case of meningococcal meningitis whereas cranial nerve palsy is more in favor of tuberculous or Listeria meningitis. Presence of otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, or a recent head trauma strongly suggests a pneumococcal involvement. Tuberculous meningitis is generally characterized by a slow evolution of meningeal signs together with aspecific signs. The main prognostic factors are consciousness impairment, circulatory instability, focal neurological signs, and advanced age. Morbidity and mortality are increased in case of pneumococcal compared to meningococcal meningitis. Cranial tomodensitometry gives further information about intracranial complications of meningitis. In some cases, particularly if focal neurological or intracranial hypertension signs are present, it must be performed before a lumbar puncture. The risk factors of meningitis must be investigated and treated if possible according to the bacterium. The management of patient after hospital discharge depends on evolution after treatment. The presence of neurological sequels imposes a specialized ambulatory follow-up. Neuropsychological sequels (cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment) can also persist for years even in absence of other neurological disorders.
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PMID:[Managing adult patients with acute community-acquired meningitis presumed of bacterial origin]. 1947 96

There is a paucity of studies on spectrum of fungal infections in neurology care. This study reports clinical, MRI and outcome of patients with central nervous system (CNS) fungal infections. 39 patients with CNS fungal infections treated in neurology service during the last 3 years were included and a detailed medical history and clinical examination were undertaken. Cranial MRI including paranasal sinuses were carried out and the location and nature of abnormalities were noted. Fungal infection was confirmed by CSF examination or histopathology. Death during hospital stay was noted. The median age was 37 (8-72) years and 8 were females. The clinical features included altered sensorium in 31, focal motor deficits in 13, visual loss in 12, seizures in 10, diplopia in 7, and papilledema in 9 patients. 28 patients had the following predisposing conditions: HIV in 15, diabetes in 8, corticosteroid in 2 and alcohol, immunosuppression, neutropenia and analgesic abuse in 1 patient each. On CT or MRI scan, 5 patients had meningeal enhancement, 7 sinusitis, 10 each granuloma and infarction, 4 hydrocephalous and 1 cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. 28 patients had cryptococcal meningitis, 7 zygomycosis, 2 aspergillosis and 1 each candida and phaeohyphomycosis. Death was related to the type of fungal infection; all patients with zygomycosis and candida infection died. Rhinocerebral form of fungal infection due to zygomycetes has poorer survival compared to meningitis group which was mainly due to cryptococcal infection.
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PMID:Spectrum of fungal infection in a neurology tertiary care center in India. 2225 58

The author describes 7 clinical cases of epilepsy with the presence of sinusitis and one case with chronic otitis. Sphenoiditis was noted in all cases. In tree cases, epileptic seizures disappeared after the sanation of sinuses and after the radical surgery intervention in one patient as well. To exclude respiratory origin of epilepsy, CT and MRT of paranasal sinuses in all cases of epilepsy are recommended.
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PMID:[Rare form of epilepsy]. 2250 Mar 41

Nocardia intracranial abscesses occur almost exclusively in patients who are immunocompromised due to diabetes, transplantation, or HIV/AIDS. Patients usually present with seizures, headaches, fevers, and menin-gismus. Laboratory evaluation is nonspecific but may reveal an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and white blood cell count. An important task in the workup of intracranial infection is searching for local causes such as sinusitis, otitis media, or mastoiditis.
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PMID:Intracranial Nocardia in the setting of AIDS. 2307 95

An encephalocele is a protrusion of the cranial contents beyond the normal confines of the skull. It is a rare cause of seizure in adults. A 38-year-old woman presented with a first-onset seizure. Brain CT was interpreted as right frontal sinus opacification suggestive of sinusitis. The patient was discharged home with an amoxicillin prescription. A few days later, she was re-admitted with another seizure. Careful evaluation of the brain CT and MRI revealed a right frontal sinus posterior wall defect and possible brain encephalocele. The patient had complained of chronic nasal discharge for years and had also noticed a watery discharge from her right nostril. We suspected cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. A bifrontal craniotomy was performed, the encephalocele was resected and cranialisation of the frontal sinus was completed. The patient remained free of seizures at the last follow-up.
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PMID:Not the usual sinusitis. 2318 40


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