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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A parainfluenza type 1 virus (6/94) recovered from brain cell cultures of two patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was inoculated into newborn chimpanzees by the intranasal (IN) or intracerebral (IC) routes. Four of the five animals receiving the virus IN developed clinical signs ranging from mild fever, with or without rhinorrhea, to severe respiratory disease. Two of the chimpanzees died as a result of pneumonia. Virus could be recovered from respiratory tracts for as long as 9 days after exposure and was followed by development of specific neutralizing antibody to the 6/94 virus but not to the HA2 strain of parainfluenza type 1. Brain examination showed astrocytosis, especially of posterior fossa structures, activation of microgliacytes and, in one animal, round cell infiltration of leptomeninges. Of thse three animals receiving virus IC, two developed recurrent seizures beginning 14 months after inoculation. One of these was sacrificed at 23 months of age after progressive neurologic disease, with electroencephalographic abnormalities, developed. The third animal died at 3 months of age of intercurrent pneumonia. No virus was recovered from these animals, although all showed antibody conversion to 6/94 but not HA2 virus. A variety of pathologic lesions were seen in the brains of both animals coming to necropsy particularly in the sacrificed chimpanzee. These included subacute encephalitis, extensive cortical and subcortical degeneration, vascular sclerosis, white matter gliosis and axonal dystrophy.
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PMID:Infection and disease induced in chimpanzees with 6/94, a parainfluenza type 1 virus isolated from human multiple sclerosis brain. 18 66

Between January 1972 and December 1976 201 preterm infants and neonates were treated with mechanical ventilation. These children were classified into 6 groups according to the indications for mechanical ventilation: P = respiratory failure caused by pulmonary disease; Z-P = respiratory failure caused by cerebral disturbance with simultaneous respiratory disease; Z = respiratory failure caused by cerebral disturbance; C = respiratory failure caused by cardiac disease; SCH = respiratory failure through shock; M = respiratory failure caused by mechanical disturbance; Bronchopulmonary complications developed in 70% of the survivors and in 60% of the fatalities. The most serious bronchopulmonary complications were infections which occured with similar frequency in all indication groups as late-onset complications, and air-leaks which occured as early complications. The latter complication was significantly higher (38%) in the first than in the other groups. The most serious extrapulmonary complications were seizures, intracerebral hemorrhages and septicemia. 71 of the 201 patients survived. There was a significant increase in the survival rate from 21.2% in 1972-1973 to 43% in 1974-1976. The survival rates differed significantly within the indication groups. The best result was found in the p-group followed by the Z-group. The highest mortality rate was found in the SCH and C-group.
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PMID:[Complications and survival rate in preterm infants and neonates treated with mechanical ventilation (author's transl)]. 49 87

Over a period of one year (1984) routine cerebral ultrasonography was performed on all premature infants (gestational age less than 37 weeks), all infants weighing less than 2,250 grams at birth and all other infants with clinical indications such as severe asphyxia, seizures etc. Altogether 209 infants were examined. The overall incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was 18.7% (39 infants), and was 32.1% in premature infants and 6.2% in term infants. Most infants developed ICH before the third day of life. A strong correlation was found between gestational age and ICH, and between respiratory disease and ICH. No correlation was noted between ICH and parameters related to birth or maternal history. There was a higher incidence of ICH in transported infants than in inborn infants. Only four patients who died from large parenchymal bleedings showed clinical symptoms of ICH.
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PMID:[Cerebral hemorrhage in newborn infants. A 1-year case load]. 204 28

The gag reflex promoting aspiration was examined in 262 mentally retarded (MR) children followed up for 3 years due to respiratory illnesses. It was present in 24.1% of MR children and in 91.6% in a control group of children, the difference being statistically significant. A similar significant difference was between the number of children with psychopharmaceutical treatment and the incidence of gag reflex impairment in them. The therapeutic influencing of the swallowing reflex by medicaments is contraindicated in MR children for inducing epileptic seizures. The main point is to prevent aspiration as a stimulus for respiratory disease occurrence. The most important measures are a focused attention of the staff during meals and feeding of MR children and its systematic further education concerning these problems.
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PMID:[Effect of abnormal gagging reflex on the possibility of aspiration in mentally retarded children]. 233 May 2

Pertussis (whooping cough) is an acute respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. It occurs worldwide and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in areas where immunization rates are low, particularly among children less than 1 year of age. The characteristic presentation of pertussis is paroxysmal coughing followed by a long inspiratory effort that produces the classic whoop. Lymphocytosis is frequently present. Complications include pneumonia and seizures secondary to hypoxia. The paroxysmal and convalescent stages of the illness can each last several weeks. Transmission occurs readily by respiratory droplets, and atypical or mild cases in older children and adults can be important in spread of the infection. Isolation, early erythromycin therapy, and erythromycin prophylaxis can reduce transmission, but vaccination is the primary means of control. An inactivated whole cell suspension of the bacterium has been an effective vaccine for protecting against pertussis since the 1950s, but whole cell vaccine may allow mild infections to occur and has been associated with local and systemic reactions that have eroded public acceptance. Component or acellular pertussis vaccines that are less reactogenic have been in use in Japan since 1981 and appear to be effective there. Development of an acellular preparation that is equally or more efficacious than whole cell vaccine may be possible, but clinical trials for measurement of protection against pertussis are difficult and trials with new pertussis vaccines will have to be carefully performed to avoid the controversies generated by earlier trials.
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PMID:Prevention of pertussis. 256 May 81

Neurologic abnormalities were the predominant historic and physical findings in 5 dogs and 2 cats with primary nasal cavity tumors that had invaded the cranial vault. Seizures, behavior changes, and obtundation were the most common signs. Other neurologic signs included paresis, ataxia, circling, visual deficit, and proprioceptive deficit. Although 1 dog and 2 cats had historic findings of mild respiratory disease, no physical abnormalities related to the respiratory tract were found in any of the 7 animals. Nasal cavity neoplasia was suggested by radiographic and computed tomographic studies and was confirmed histopathologically in each case. The nasal tumor types in the 5 dogs were epidermoid carcinoma (n = 1), adenocarcinoma (n = 2), solid carcinoma (n = 1), and anaplastic chondrosarcoma (n = 1). An esthesioneuroblastoma was found in each cat. Radiation therapy was effective for 3 months in palliating the clinical signs in the 2 dogs in which it was used. Neoplasia of the nasal cavity should be considered in the differential diagnosis for animals with neurologic signs suggestive of cerebral disorders.
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PMID:Neurologic abnormalities as the predominant signs of neoplasia of the nasal cavity in dogs and cats: seven cases (1973-1986). 276 45

Pertussis is a serious respiratory disease in infants. Immunization prevents infection in some; in others it permits infection but prevents disease. Epidemics occur when immunization rates fall. Whole-cell vaccine has proved to be a safe and effective method of disease control. Whole-cell vaccines have been used because the bacterial components responsible for immunity have not been identified. New component vaccines have not been licensed in the United States because they do not meet standards for efficacy. Whole-cell pertussis vaccine has been associated with febrile and afebrile seizures which are generalized and occur within 72 hours of immunization. Permanent brain damage caused by pertussis vaccine is rare. One study suggested a risk of 1:310,000 immunizations which is not precise and probably excessive; however, even using this figure, the risk-benefit ratio for 3 immunizations is favorable when compared to the risks of the natural disease. Child neurologists should recommended immunization for brain damaged infants with static or chronic brain syndromes. Pertussis immunization should be delayed or omitted when the neurologic status is unclear.
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PMID:Pertussis: the disease and the vaccine. 307 5

Twenty-three of 23 neonates were contaminated in the course of an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a neonatal care unit. Symptoms among 22 infected symptomatic infants included rhinitis (n = 21), dyspnea (n = 19), cough (n = 17), apnea (n = 5), seizures (n = 3), fever (n = 3). Five patients presented with severe respiratory distress. The occurrence of non-obstructive apnea was significantly correlated with a history of respiratory disease, RSV infection during the first 15 days of life and the severity of lower respiratory tract RSV infection.
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PMID:[Respiratory syncytial virus infections in newborn infants]. 371 65

The details of 88 cases involving trazodone overdose, either alone or in combination with other drugs, have been forwarded to the manufacturer by reporting physicians since trazodone was made available in March 1982. In 73 of these cases, recovery was uneventful; in 6 cases unexpected complications developed. Nine deaths occurred in patients who had taken trazodone in combination with other drugs and/or alcohol. These case reports are supplemented by data from the American Association of Poison Control Centers and the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Of 206 reported overdose exposures to trazodone, no deaths were recorded. For comparison, 2263 reported tricyclic and tetracyclic overdoses resulted in 16 deaths, and 125 reported monoamine oxidase inhibitor overdoses produced 3 fatalities. When taken alone in overdose, trazodone appears to have limited toxicity. Nevertheless, treatment should be monitored closely in patients who present with a history of seizures or who suffer from cardiovascular or respiratory disease.
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PMID:Trazodone overdose: four years of experience from voluntary reports. 377 99

Recurrent apneic episodes were typically associated with sleep, not wakefulness, in an infant with congenital primary hypoventilation ("Ondine's Curse"). Quiet sleep (SLQ) was shown to constitute a higher risk condition than active sleep (SLA) at the ages she was recorded polygraphically (2-4 months old). This infant's respiratory disorder was complicated by recurrent pneumonia, seizures and deficient growth which resulted in death at the age of eight months. Necropsy revealed bronchopulmonary dysplastic fibrosis and cor pulmonale. Neuropathologic examination failed to reveal pathologic changes in the brainstem.
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PMID:Sleep apnea studies in an infant with congenital primary hypoventilation ("Ondine's curse"). 723 87


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