Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

16 unselected patients with advanced neuroblastoma were given high-dose consolidation chemotherapy with vincristine, melphalan, etoposide and carboplatin over 5 h followed by autologous bone marrow rescue. 3 patients died from treatment-related toxicity, 2 from disease, 1 is alive with disease and 10 are alive and disease-free a median of 12.5 months (range 2-38 months) after bone marrow rescue. All had bone marrow toxicity, most mucositis and 6 had seizures. Renal failure was unexpectedly severe. In the last 3 patients, administration of carboplatin was delayed by 18 h in an attempt to reduce renal damage. The results show that this regimen produces significant morbidity and has a high mortality. Although the overall outcome is encouraging, too few patients have been studied to gauge its efficacy. Whether such aggressive consolidation is necessary in heavily pretreated children with neuroblastoma remains unknown.
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PMID:Toxicity of single-day high-dose vincristine, melphalan, etoposide and carboplatin consolidation with autologous bone marrow rescue in advanced neuroblastoma. 151 36

From July 1988 to March 1991, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was used in 8 infants (newborn to 16 months old) with unoperated cyanotic congenital heart disease and cardiopulmonary collapse, associated with hypercyanotic spells (4 infants), pulmonary hypertensive crises (3) and sepsis (1). Indications for ECMO support were arterial saturations less than or equal to 60% accompanied by hypotension and metabolic acidosis unresponsive to mechanical ventilation with 100% oxygen, paralysis and sedation, and pharmacologic support with inotropes or vasodilators, or both. Venoarterial bypass by carotid/jugular cannulation with flow rates of 100 to 840 ml/kg/min (mean 460) stabilized all patients. Duration of ECMO support ranged from 15 to 840 hours and was associated with transient seizures (1 patient) and renal failure (1). Seven patients underwent palliative (3 patients) or corrective (4) surgical procedures while on ECMO or within 48 hours of decannulation, including 1 patient bridged to double-lung transplantation with a long (840 hours) duration of ECMO. There was 1 operative and 2 late (greater than 1 month after decannulation) deaths, for an overall survival rate of 62%. These 5 survivors all have normal growth and development, and patent neck vessels at the site of cannulation. These early results indicate that ECMO can be effective mechanical support in cardiovascular crises untreatable with maximal conventional medical therapy and can be used as a bridge to successful surgical palliation or repair.
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PMID:Extracorporeal life support in cyanotic congenital heart disease before cardiovascular operation. 154 55

Hypovolemic hyponatremia attributable to severe fluid and electrolyte alterations was diagnosed in a foal with diarrhea. Subsequent consumption of water resulted in rapid reduction of serum sodium concentration and serum osmolar depression. Clinical signs of neurologic disease developed including blindness, loss of menace response, and seizures. Treatment of this condition with IV administered fluids included hypertonic saline solution (7.2%; 2 ml/kg of body weight), and frequent monitoring of serum electrolyte concentrations and osmolality resulted in gradual correction of the fluid and electrolyte imbalance and resolution of the neurologic signs. Hyponatremia has been recognized in foals with renal failure, ruptured urinary bladder, and iatrogenic water overload. The key to diagnosis and management of profound hyponatremia is accurate diagnosis of the status of plasma volume and association of the electrolyte imbalance with clinical signs of neurologic disease. This report describes an unusual complication of a commonly encountered problem in equine practice and documents that the severe metabolic and electrolyte abnormalities associated with diarrhea can result in clinical neurologic disease. The differential diagnosis also should include bacterial sepsis, parasitism, thoracic mass, acute renal failure, congenital neurologic deficit, or seizure syndrome. Serum electrolyte disorders should be considered as a potential cause of signs of neurologic disease in foals with diarrhea.
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PMID:Hypovolemic hyponatremia and signs of neurologic disease associated with diarrhea in a foal. 160 18

There have been recent reports of rhabdomyolysis associated with cocaine abuse. The pathologic findings from these cases have not been described. Pathologic abnormalities in two fatalities with cocaine-associated rhabdomyolysis, including one with hyperpyrexia, acute renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation, are discussed in detail. Skeletal muscle in both cases showed necrosis without evidence of vasculitis, polarizable foreign crystals, or other specific lesions. The individual with renal failure showed acute tubular necrosis with granular myoglobin casts in tubules. The mechanism of cocaine-associated rhabdomyolysis is unclear, but potentially includes ischemia due to vasoconstriction, direct toxicity, hyperpyrexia, and increased muscle activity from agitation or seizure. Adulterants may also play a role. In unexplained cases of rhabdomyolysis, toxicologic evidence of cocaine should be sought. In those cases of rhabdomyolysis associated with acute renal failure, the presence of cocaine in blood may be prolonged because of impaired renal clearance.
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PMID:Rhabdomyolysis associated with cocaine abuse. 174 98

Even in the absence of clinically apparent seizures, patients undergoing chronic dialysis often exhibit abnormal EEG activity, which is usually attributed to the type of dialysis or to the dysequilibrium syndrome. To find out whether these abnormalities occurred only during dialysis sessions, 10 children with end-stage renal failure undergoing chronic dialysis were continuously monitored for 52 h during dialysis and between two sessions. The EEG tracing was abnormal in 5 children. Two had paroxysmal aspecific slow waves towards the end of the sessions, with a fall in blood pressure, malaise and fainting. In 3 children EEG abnormalities - also present in the interdialytic period - were not clinically apparent. Long-term EEG monitoring in these cases distinguished between the electrical events that were related to dialysis and those that were not. It also suggested that, rather than being dialysis-dependent, these events frequently reflect a basic neurological disorder.
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PMID:Long-term EEG monitoring in uremic children on chronic dialysis treatment. 186 59

An outbreak of food poisoning resulting in 13 deaths in children occurred in Malaysia during the Chinese Festival of the Nine-Emperor Gods in 1988. The offending food was a Chinese noodle called 'Loh See Fun' (LSF). The source was traced to a factory where a banned food preservative was added to make the LSF. The food poisoning was attributable to aflatoxins and boric acid. The clinical features included vomiting, pyrexia, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, anorexia, giddiness, seizures, and eventual coma. Initially, many presented with a Reye-like syndrome. Eleven post-mortem examinations were performed. The pathological findings included extensive coagulative necrosis of the liver with proliferative 'ductal/ductular metaplasia of the hepatocytes'. Giant cell formation, central vein sclerosis, bile stasis, and steatosis were also noted. There was presence of acute tubular necrosis, superficial upper gastrointestinal erosions, and ensuing encephalopathy. The eventual cause of death is acute hepatic and renal failure.
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PMID:An outbreak of aflatoxicosis and boric acid poisoning in Malaysia: a clinicopathological study. 189 May 47

A 10-year-old girl had an infarction in the left brain during an acute viral meningoencephalitis. She initially showed seizure, unconsciousness and fever, and right hemiplegia gradually developed. She died at the 48th day of disease from respiratory disturbance and renal failure. Cranial MRI during the acute phase of the disease, when there was no clinical sign of right hemiplegia, showed a high intensity lesion in the left parietal and occipital areas on T-2 weight image. Autopsy disclosed the findings suggesting viral encephalitis, including multiple focal necrosis, perivascular round cell infiltration, proliferation of glial cells and spongy degeneration with some intranuclear inclusion bodies, and infarction in the left hemisphere. These findings suggest that T-2 high intensity lesion on MRI reflected infarction.
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PMID:[A case of brain infarction associated with viral encephalitis: MRI and pathological findings]. 193 Nov 68

The presented patient suffered of seizures during childhood and exhibited the typical skin lesions of tuberous sclerosis. However, the diagnosis was not made until the patient was 26 years old. He had involvement of the central nervous system, the skin, the kidneys, and the lungs. After he developed renal failure he underwent hemodialysis for 57 months and suffered an intracerebral hemorrhage followed by cardiorespiratory arrest age 36.
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PMID:[Tuberous sclerosis with pulmonary involvement. Case report]. 194 68

To test the hypothesis that low-dose recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEpo) would be effective and safe therapy for the anemia of end-stage renal failure, we studied 37 chronic hemodialysis patients for 3 months before and 6 months after beginning treatment with r-HuEpo, 3,000 U, administered initially intravenously (IV) three times weekly. Hematocrit increased from a mean of 25.2 vol% into the target range (mean, 32.2 vol%, a 28% increase) by 4 months. Transfusion requirements were dramatically reduced. Eight patients (22%) had exacerbated or new development of hypertension, while in trials using higher doses this occurred in 35%. Vascular access thrombosis, dialyzer clotting, and seizures were not seen more frequently during r-HuEpo therapy. Dialyzer reuse was not affected. Low-dose r-HuEpo therapy is effective in most hemodialysis patients and may be associated with less adverse effects because of the slower increase in blood viscosity. As targets are reached, downward dosage adjustments need to be smaller when using an initial low-dose regimen.
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PMID:Low-dose recombinant human erythropoietin therapy in chronic hemodialysis patients. 206 56

Cocaine abuse is associated with a constellation of serious medical complications. An unrecognized and recently described complication of cocaine use is rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure. We describe the first patient identified in our institution with this entity, admitted to the medical services with oliguric acute renal failure. Three days prior to admission the patient had a cocaine snorting binge. He presented with bilateral flank pain, gross hematuria, vomiting and chills. No history of crush injury, prolonged immobilization and or seizures was reported. On admission the vital signs were normal, physical exam revealed periorbital edema and marked soft tissue neck swelling. Lab values: Bun 120 mgs%, Creat. 10.7 mgs%, Na 132 meq/lt, Co2 13mq/lt, Cl, 103meq/lt, Co2 13meq/lt, Ca 5.3 mgs%, CPK 30,800 U/L with a MM fraction of 98%, LDH 600 U/L, SGOT 300 U/L. The urine was dark red with a ph of 6.5 and 100 rbc/hpf. The anti-GBM antibody and blood cultures were negative. An abdominal sonogram was normal. He received peritoneal dialysis and was discharged on his 14th hospital day with a CPK of 2,800 U/L and decreasing azotemia. Cocaine associated rhabdomyolysis has only been recently described in the literature (AJM April, 88). Acute myoglobinuric renal failure needs to be added to the growing list of medical complications of cocaine use.
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PMID:Cocaine and rhabdomyolysis: report of a case and review of the literature. 207 48


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