Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polyarteritis was diagnosed in three girls, 9 to 10 years old, by kidney and skin biopsies. They were treated with a combination of prednisone (1.5 to 2 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (2 mg/kg) for up to 12 months. The illness was severe in all three, complicated by hypertension, seizures, pulmonary infiltrates, renal failure, or hallucinations. All three patients are alive and well with no or minimal residual symptoms two to three years after therapy was discontinued. The treatment with corticosteroids or with a combination of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs seems to improve the prognosis of polyarteritis considerably.
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PMID:Polyarteritis in children. 0 83

Seven patients admitted to hospital during or immediately after status epilepticus or recurrent episodes of grand-mal seizures had very high concentrations of uric acid in their blood at a time when the blood-urea was normal in five of them. The blood-lactic-acid was high in the five patients in whom it was measured. All of the patients developed reversible renal failure, and two required haemodialysis. The blood-uric-acid should be measured in patients who have had prolonged seizures, and the measures which might be taken in hyperuricaemic patients to prevent the development of acute renal failure include rehydration, alkalinisation of urine, and, where alkalinisation is impossible, haemodialysis.
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PMID:Hyperuricaemic acute renal failure after epileptic seizures. 5 Nov 91

Acute renal failure secondary to interstitial nephritis caused by therapeutic ingestion of sodium diphenylhydantoins has been reported recently. The interference of sodium diphenylhydantoins on Vitamin D metabolism causing or aggravating ricketts has also been reported. This communication deals with an infant girl who was admitted to the hospital due to seizures. Four months before, she had convulsions and she was treated with diphenylhydantoins until admission. She was found to have renal failure and ricketts. Histological diagnosis of interstitial nephritis was established by means of percutaneous renal biopsy. Clinical and radiological improvement of ricketts was observed after dehydrotachysterol treatment. Clinical and biochemical alterations of renal failure slowly subsided. She had a clear-cut history of vitamin D defficiency ricketts. Seizures were due to hypocalcemia tetany but was erroneusly treated as "grand mal" epilepsy, with diphenylhydantoins. Interstitial nephritis complicated with acute renal failure was probably caused by diphenylhydantoins administration.
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PMID:[Renal failure and rickets]. 46 92

Our patient was severely injured, and had a prolonged period of hypotension. After operation she received moderate doses of cefazolin, intravenously, in the face of acute renal failure. Seizures associated with a serum cefazolin level of 455 mg/ml were observed. Although a cause and effect relationship between high cefazolin levels and neurotoxicity cannot be proven conclusively, the implication of this relationship exists. The clinician should be aware of the potential neurotoxicity of this commonly used drug. The importance of adjusting the dose in patients with renal failure is re-emphasized.
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PMID:Convulsions associated with sodium cefazolin: a case report. 86 36

Twenty-eight women with severe pre-eclampsia were misdiagnosed and initially thought to have disorders unrelated to pregnancy. Their chief complaints included failing vision, liver or gallbladder dysfunction, renal failure, hemorrhage, seizures, and heart failure. Laboratory studies usually demonstrated thrombocytopenia and high hematocrit values. The development of these symptoms appears to begin with failure of the primigravida to appropriately increase her blood volume commensurate with the increase in size of her uterus. Expanding the severly pre-eclamptic patient's blood volume with intravenous albumin appears to be an effective and appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Severe pre-eclampsia: another great imitator. 94 95

We observed a 16-month-old infant with residual brain damage following a heat stroke from being left in a parked automobile. In contrast with adults, in whom heat stroke usually follows strenuous exercise, the condition in infants usually results from excessive environmental temperature and/or dehydration. Early recognition of the illness is imperative. Three cardinal freatures are hot, dry skin, central nervous system disturbance, and hyperpyrexia. Immediate treatment should be aimed at improving circulation with volume expanders and rapid cooling. Other supportive measures may be necessary to control seizures, renal failure, hematologic abnormalities, or hepatic involvement.
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PMID:Heat stroke in infancy. 98 9

A 41-year-old chemist developed methyl iodide intoxication. His case is presented with a review of pertinent literature. Characteristics of the poisoning include a delay between exposure and onset of symptoms; early systemic toxicity with congestive changes in the lungs and oliguric renal failure; prominent cerebellar and Parkinsonian neurologic symptoms as well as seizures and coma in severe cases; and psychiatric disturbances that can last from months to years. Although methyl iodide is a rare form of intoxicant, its manifestations are similar to that of poisoning with the other monohalomethanes that are not uncommon.
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PMID:Methyl iodide intoxication. A case report. 111 68

Previously, it has been found that repeated oral administration of activated charcoal (AC) to rats with renal failure markedly decreased the sensitivity of the CNS to the neurotoxic-convulsant effect of theophylline. The present study was designed to investigate whether this effect also occurs in normal rats. Normal rats received AC per os in either a single dose or in six doses every 8 h. Control animals received equal volumes of water. Two hours following the last AC dose, animals were infused IV with theophylline until the onset of maximal seizures. Although rats pretreated with repeated administrations of activated charcoal required a larger total theophylline dose to induce convulsions, the theophylline concentrations in the serum and brain at the onset of the neurotoxic episode were not affected by the charcoal pretreatment. It is, therefore, concluded that the gastrointestinal dialysis produced by the activated charcoal had no apparent effect on theophylline-induced neurotoxicity in normal rats.
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PMID:Potential pharmacodynamic effect of charcoal on theophylline neurotoxicity in normal rats. 143

Acute encephalopathy following treatment with ifosfamide and mesna was observed in 5 (4 women and 1 men) of 28 patients (17.8%), with advanced sarcoma, lymphoma or ovarian carcinoma. This appeared within 2 to 7 days following the first dose of ifosfamide treatment, and included mental status changes, urinary incontinence, weakness, seizure activity, altered consciousness and psychiatric manifestations. Three cases were fatal, while two patients recovered completely. Brain CT and morphometric studies were normal in all the patients. Associated findings were myelosuppression, renal failure and electrolyte alterations.
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PMID:Encephalopathy in ifosfamide-treated patients. 148 35

The "transurethral resection of prostate" syndrome (TURPS) is the clinical manifestation of the resorption into the patient's body of a large amount of glycocolle-containing irrigating fluid used for this procedure. The full clinical picture, which is seldom seen, consists of dyspnoea, nausea, arterial hypertension, an increased central venous pressure, cerebral oedema, cardiogenic shock and renal failure. Improved surgical techniques, as well as incomplete and atypical forms of the syndrome could explain this low incidence. Absorption into the blood stream may be rapid, by way of the prostatic venous plexi, or slower, from the spaces around the prostate and under the peritoneum. The present-day pathophysiological theory explains this syndrome by an acute hyponatraemia, sometimes dissociated from the hypoosmolality, the toxicity of glycocolle, and the neurological effects of hyperammonemia. Acute hyponatraemia, with blood sodium concentrations below 115 to 120 mmol.l-1, should be considered as potentially serious. The different mechanisms involved may act alone or together, thus explaining that the minor forms of the syndrome mostly consist of a neurological picture. The emergency treatment depends on the natraemia. It includes diuretics and progressive reloading of the patient with sodium in case of severe hyponatraemia with seizures. The best prevention is a correct surgical indication and technique. The resection should not last for more than 90 to 120 min. The major problem remains the early diagnosis of TURPS. Carrying out this surgery under regional anaesthesia is helpful for this purpose, but, in the near future, the best means might be the monitoring of expired ethanol concentrations.
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PMID:[Prostate transurethral resection syndrome]. 150 91


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