Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood pressure is low at birth. It increases with age by about 1 mm Hg per day within the period of 3-8 days. It rises by about 1 mm Hg per week between 5 and 6 weeks of age. Neonatal hypertension carries a risk of cardiorespiratory failure and cerebral distress. Causes of neonatal hypertension are either secondary to congenital malformations or to acquired disease states. Congenital etiologies include: renal artery stenosis, renal artery hypoplasia, abdominal aortic atresia, coarctation of the aorta, kidney cystic disease, reflux nephropathies. Acquired causes include: thrombo-embolic renal artery complications secondary to umbilical artery catheterization or to thrombosis of the ductus arteriosus, closure of abdominal wall defects, adrenal hematoma with renal artery compression, seizures in preterm infants, central nervous system disorders, drug-induced hypertension, infants of drug-dependent mothers. The morbidity and the mortality of neonatal hypertension are elevated. Death may be caused by severe uncontrollable hypertension or by concomitant problems. Morbidity may be related to drug-resistant hypertension, or to the side-effects of hypotensive drugs.
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PMID:Arterial hypertension in the newborn infant. 265 Jul 49

Blood pressure (BP) is low at birth. It increases with age, by about 1 mm Hg per day within the period of 3 to 8 days. It rises by about 1 mm Hg per week between ages 5 to 6 weeks. At a latter age, systolic BP is close to 95 +/- 10 mm Hg. Hypertension is a rare condition in the neonate, where it carries a high risk of cardiorespiratory failure and cerebral distress. Causes of neonatal hypertension are either secondary to congenital malformations or to acquired disease states: Congenital malformations: renal artery stenosis, renal artery hypoplasia, abdominal aortic atresia, coarctation of the aorta, kidney cystic disease, reflux nephropathies. Acquired diseases: thrombo-embolic renal artery complications secondary to umbilical artery catheterization or to thrombosis of ductus arteriosus, closure of abdominal wall defects, adrenal hematoma with renal artery compression, seizures in preterm infants, central nervous system disorders, drug-induced hypertension, infants of drug-dependent mothers. The morbidity and the mortality of neonatal hypertension are elevated. Death may be caused by severe uncontrollable hypertension or by concomitant problems. Morbidity may be related to drug-resistant hypertension, or to the side-effects of hypotensive drugs. Surgery in these severely ill infants also carries a significant risk.
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PMID:Hypertension in the neonate. 353 May 50

Two children in the same household with symptomatic arterial hypertension simulating pheochromocytoma were found to be intoxicated with elemental mercury. The first child was a 4-year-old boy who presented with new-onset seizures, rash, and painful extremities, who was found to have a blood pressure of 171/123 mm Hg. An extensive investigation ensued. Elevated catecholamines were demonstrated in plasma and urine; studies did not confirm pheochromocytoma. Mercury levels were elevated. These findings prompted an evaluation of the family. A foster sister had similar findings of rash and hypertension. Both had been exposed to elemental mercury in the home. The family was temporarily relocated and chelation therapy was started. A Medline search for mercury intoxication with hypertension found 6 reports of patients ranging from 11 months to 17 years old. All patients showed symptoms of acrodynia. Because of the clinical presentation and the finding of elevated catecholamines, most of the patients were first studied for possible pheochromocytoma. Subsequently, elevated levels of mercury were found. Three children had contact with elemental mercury from a broken thermometer, 2 had played with metallic mercury and 1 had poorly protected occupational exposure. All responded to chelation therapy. Severe systemic arterial hypertension in infants and children is usually secondary to an underlying disease process. The most frequent causes of hypertension in this group include renal parenchymal disease, obstructive uropathy, and chronic pyelonephritis associated with reflux and renal artery stenosis. Less frequent causes include adrenal tumors, pheochromocytomas, neurofibromas, and a number of familial forms of hypertension. Other causes include therapeutic and recreational drugs, notably sympathomimetics and cocaine, and rarely, heavy metals. In children with severe hypertension and elevated catecholamines, the physician should consider mercury intoxication as well as pheochromocytoma. The health hazards of heavy metals need to be reinforced to the medical profession and the general public.
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PMID:Mercury intoxication and arterial hypertension: report of two patients and review of the literature. 1069 36

We describe a 26-year-old white female with a history of Raynaud phenomenon, erythema nodosum, polyarthralgias, migraine, vertigo, seizures, transient ischemic attacks, one fetal loss, and false positive VDRL, who developed milk hypertension without overt lupus nephritis. She had positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) antibodies. The lupus anticoagulant test (LAC) and cardiolipins antibodies (aCL) were positive. She was diagnosed as having a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-like illness (SLE-like) with 'secondary' antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Renal spiral computed tomography (CT) with intravenous (IV) contrast showed bilateral renal artery stenosis. Anticoagulation with acenocumarol was started. She became normotensive without antihypertensive drugs five months later. A follow-up renal spiral CT showed complete recanalization of both renal arteries, making thrombosis the more likely culprit pathology in the stenosis. After two years follow up the patient is normotensive. She remains on acenocumarol.
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PMID:A reversible bilateral renal artery stenosis in association with antiphospholipid syndrome. 1071 49

In children, renal artery stenosis is an uncommon but important cause of secondary hypertension. In this report, the authors describe a 5-year-old boy with no history of seizures who experienced status epilepticus. Postictal blood pressure, relative hypotension, was misinterpreted as normal on the day of admission. Two days later, his blood pressure rose gradually and peripheral plasma renin activity showed more than 1,700 micro U/mL. Magnetic resonance angiography suggested renal artery stenosis. After successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, the patient was seizure-free and had well-controlled blood pressure. This case describes renal artery stenosis present with status epilepticus, and emphasizes the importance of serial measurements of blood pressure in children.
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PMID:Renal artery stenosis presenting with status epilepticus: a report of one case. 1246 Aug 53

Takayasu's disease is a chronic, nonspecific arteritis of unknown etiology. It mainly affects young women in the second and third decade of life. The reports of the disease in pediatric patients are rare. The pathological process involves all the layers of the arterial wall. It affects primarily the aortic arch and its main branches. If the renal arteries are involved, hypertension develops. A 14-year-old girl suffered from Takayasu's disease was described. The first symptoms: tonic-clonic seizures, neurological signs and high arterial blood pressure were observed in a previously healthy girl. The diagnostics process was presented with special attention given to the interpretation of radiological imagings. The diagnosis of Takayasu's disease was based on result of angiography. This examination demonstrated the abdominal aorta abnormalities which have been described in patients with Takayasu's disease and the right renal artery stenosis.
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PMID:[Takayasu's disease in a 14 years old girl]. 1555 4

We describe an unusual vasculopathy in two sisters of non-consanguineous parents. The first child developed an acute hemiparesis and focal seizures at the age of 6 months during a febrile illness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed bilateral cortical-subcortical infarction not confined to a vascular territory. Subsequently, the child had a persistent stable neurological deficit. Her younger sister had a similar encephalitis-like episode at the age of 4 months, with left-sided cortical-subcortical ischaemic lesions. Two months later she had left-sided focal seizures. MRI showed a right-sided cortical enhancement, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was normal. The neurological deficit was stable and she was seizure free. These episodes were initially interpreted as metabolic strokes, but work-up was normal and mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) was excluded. In their teens both sisters were diagnosed with pulmonary and systemic hypertension and, due to the arterial hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy. Renal artery stenosis, pathological pulmonary arteries, and stenosis and rarefication of coronary arteries were found; the aorta and retinal vessels were normal. Repeat cranial MRI and MRA showed multiple collaterals, while the carotid and basilar arteries were extremely narrowed (moyamoya appearance). We suggest the diagnosis is a hereditary systemic vasculopathy of unknown origin.
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PMID:Siblings with infantile cerebral stroke and delayed multivessel involvement--a new hereditary vasculopathy? 1742 10

Renovascular disease accounts for 8-10% of all cases of paediatric hypertension, whereas, in adults, its incidence is approximately 1%. The Turkish Paediatric Hypertension Group aimed to create the first registry database for childhood renovascular hypertension in Turkey. Twenty of the 28 paediatric nephrology centres in Turkey responded to the survey and reported 45 patients (27 girls, 18 boys) with renovascular hypertension between 1990 and 2005. The age at presentation ranged from 20 days to 17 years. The mean blood pressure at the diagnosis was 169/110 mmHg. Chief complaints of symptomatic patients were headache (38%), seizure (18%), epistaxis (4%), growth retardation (4%), cognitive dysfunction (4%), polyuria (2%), palpitation (2%), and hemiplegia (2%). Renovascular hypertension was found incidentally in 11 children. The diagnosis of renovascular hypertension was established with conventional angiography in 39 patients, MR angiography in three, CT angiography in two, and captopril diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) scintigraphy in one patient. Twenty-one children had bilateral renal artery stenosis and 24 had unilateral renal artery stenosis. Of these, 14 (31%) had fibromuscular dysplasia; 12 (27%) Takayasu's arteritis; six (13%) neurofibromatosis; two (5%) Williams syndrome; one (2%) Kawasaki disease; one (2%) mid-aortic syndrome; one (2%) extrinsic compression to the renal artery, and eight (18%) unspecified bilateral renal artery stenosis. Hypertension was controlled with antihypertensive drugs in 17 patients. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTRA) or surgery had to be performed in 28 patients: PTRA in 16 patients, PTRA + surgery in one patient and surgery in 11 patients (four nephrectomies). The importance of vasculitic disease, especially Takayasu's arteritis, should not be underestimated in children with renovascular hypertension.
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PMID:Reno-vascular hypertension in childhood: a nationwide survey. 1753 66

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a rare neuroradiologic condition associated with headache, seizures, altered sensorium, visual disturbances, and characteristic lesions on neuroimaging predominantly affecting the posterior regions of the brain. We report a 10-years-8-months-old girl who presented with headache, multiple seizures, and altered sensorium. Her blood pressure was 130/100 mmHg and left brachial pulse was not palpable. CT scan brain showed typical non-enhancing hypodensities in bilateral parieto-occiptal lobes. Prompt treatment of the hypertension led to rapid reversal of neurological symptoms. CT aortogram revealed aortoarteritis with bilateral renal artery stenosis.
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PMID:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome revealing Takayasu's arteritis. 1908 34

Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic, idiopathic, inflammatory disease primarily affecting aorta and its branches. It mainly affects young females in the age group of 10-30 years. Various atypical presentations of Takayasu's arteritis have been described in children. These atypical presentations can cause delayed diagnosis resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neuroradiologic condition associated with headache, seizures, altered sensorium, visual disturbances, and characteristic lesions on neuroimaging. We report a child with Takayasu's arteritis who presented a posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. He also had associated abdominal tuberculosis for which anti-tuberculous treatment was started. PRES was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. The child was started on nifedipine and propranolol. The child regained his consciousness within 48 h of admission. Prompt treatment of hypertension led to rapid reversal of neurological symptoms. In view of hypertension a computed tomography aortogram was done, which showed features suggestive of high grade (>75%) focal proximal left renal artery stenosis. EULAR (European League Against Rheumatism)/PReS (Paediatric Rheumatology European Society) consensus criteria was used for the diagnosis of Takayasu's arteritis in our patient. Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of the stenotic left renal artery was performed. Post-angioplasty, nifedipine was gradually omitted and oral propranolol was continued.
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PMID:Unusual presentation of Takayasu's arteritis as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. 2202 40


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