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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author reviewed the complications of 700 heart catheterizations in infants and children performed between 1970 and 1978 with a frequency of 55 to 113 investigations per year. Arrhythmias occurred on 70 occasions (10%), death within 24 hours: 14 (2%), extravasation of contrast media: 11 (1,6%), perforation by catheter: 6 (0,9%), cyanotic spells 5 (0,7%), myocardial ischemia: 4 (0,6%), respiratory arrest: 4 (0,6%), convulsions: 2 (0,3%), wound infection: 2 (0,3%), icterus 2 (0.3%), lung atelactasis: 1 (0,15%), bacterial endocarditis: 1 (0,15%), pyrexia: 1 (0,15%), exanthema: 1 (0,15%), pulmonary edema: 1 (0,15%), meningitis purulenta and hepatitis as possible complications: 1 (0,15%) each. The mortality figue of 2% lies well within the range of rates reported by Ho and ass. (1972): 1,5%, Stanger and ass. (1974): 3,0%, Rowe (1978): 0,95%, and Graham (1978): 2,9%. Mortality mainly occurs in sick neonates and infants with complex cardiac malformations. It could be lowered by a more aggressive approach to diagnostic work-up of suspected cardiac disease, as well as by using more sophisticated catheterization techniques and material and by introducing intensive care principles on the infant ward. Catheter related mortality (e. g. by perforation, severe arrhythmia) could be reduced to zero during the last three years. Myocardial staining by contrast media and electrocardiographic alterations suggesting myocardial ischemia occurred comparatively often but were never followed by serious or long lasting sequelae. Their occurrence was not related to the diagnosis or to the age of the patient. Respiratory arrest and convulsions could only be observed in sick infants. The seizures were not directly related to angiocardiography. All other complications were incidental events. Arrhythmias and vascular complications are discussed in separate papers.
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PMID:[The risks involved in the heart catheter examination. A retrospective evaluation of the complications after 700 examinations. II. Complications (author's transl)]. 53 Jul 26

An assessment of morbidity in near-drowning was made from a review of emergency room and hospital records of 72 patients, ages 9 months to 20 years, who suffered near-drowning during the period January 1972 through June 1974. Fifteen patients (21% evidenced severe anoxic encephalopathy; the remainder had no detectable neurologic deficits. Hypoxemia was demonstrated in 56 patients. Severe acidosis was not present unless respiratory failure occurred. Neither electrolytes, red blood cell hemolysis, nor cardiac arrhythmias presented a problem. Respiratory complications included pulmonary edema, aspiration pneumonia, atelectasis, shock lung, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum. All children requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency room suffered anoxic encephalopathy. The occurrence of seizures, fixed and dilated pupils, flaccid extremities, and lack of response to deep pain in the emergency room had almost universal correlation with resultant severe anoxic encephalopathy, as did a submersion period of six or more minutes. The morbidity of near-drowning is significant with regard to the number of children affected and the severity of the central nervous system insult received. The statement by the American Heart Association that resuscitative efforts in children should be continued for periods longer than ten minutes needs reevaluation, since neurologic recovery did not occur in any child requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency room. More importantly, new methods of cerebral resuscitation need to be developed and established. In short, medical personnel need to think in terms of cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) rather than in terms of CPR.
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PMID:Morbidity of childhood near-drowning. 84 May 54

Acute water intoxication with deepening coma and uncontrolled epileptiform seizures in a 25-year-old previously fit male schizophrenic was treated with hypertonic (2 N) saline and a 20% mannitol solution. This improved his neurological state but precipitated severe pulmonary oedema. Intravenous frusemide increased his urinary output sufficiently to clear the pulmonary oedema. In acute water intoxication the use of hypertonic solutions may thus precipitate left heart failure by expanding the intra-pulmonary blood volume beyond the capacity of even a healthy left ventricle to compensate. Simple water restriction will produce a slower but perhaps safer improvement.
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PMID:Pulmonary oedema during treatment of acute water intoxication. 98 Oct 97

The advantages of a bloodless field and total cardiac relaxation have popularized the technique of deep hypothermia and total circulatory arrest for the correction of complex congenital cardiac defects in infancy. There is, however, a significant potential for cerebral and pulmonary complications. Presently, the most common technique is that of using a combination of surface cooling and cardiopulmonary bypass cooling and rewarming. Normal neurological development has been claimed with the present technique of hypothermia at 20 degrees C and total circulatory arrest for periods up to an hour; however, there are reports of seizure activity in the early postoperative period. There is also a disturbing incidence of respiratory insufficiency and, occasionally, hemorrhagic pulmonary edema. This study, using growing puppies and subjecting them to deep hypothermia and total circulatory arrest for varying periods of time, disclosed that animals subjected to 60 min of circulatory arrest recovered neurologically; however, there were histological changes of anoxia in the brain. Animals subjected to 30 min of total circulatory arrest were normal neurologically and there was no histological evidence of anoxic damage to brain tissue. Puppies that were continuously on cardiopulmonary bypass had no significant pulmonary changes caused by increasing the inspired oxygen tension in the ventilator; however, striking changes were noted when limited cardiopulmonary bypass was employed for core cooling and total circulatory arrest combined with pulmonary ventilation with 100% oxygen. We conclude from this experimental study that the use of surface cooling and core cooling with subsequent total circulatory arrest at 20 degrees C is a safe procedure, providing the period of time of cardiac arrest is kept around 30 min. We also conclude that the alveolar oxygen tension should be maintained at the lowest level possible during the interval of circulatory arrest to avoid the apparent rapid onset of post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency.
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PMID:Effect of deep hypothermia, limited cardiopulmonary bypass, and total arrest on growing puppies. 120 92

A case of neurogenic pulmonary edema following a grand mal epileptic seizure is presented. This condition is rather rare and the exact pathophysiology remains unknown, but it is believed that the event may be related to transitional increase of intracranial pressure during seizure attack. Pulmonary edema may be a serious complication of epileptic seizure. Rapid recognition and management is very important since the prognosis depends on the severity of pulmonary edema and appropriate treatment.
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PMID:[Neurogenic pulmonary edema following a grand mal seizure: a case report]. 131 56

Aldicarb toxicosis was diagnosed in 200 sheep that died suddenly. Carbamate insecticide toxicosis was suspected based on observed clinical signs (hypersalivation, diarrhea, urination, paddling, seizures, miosis, and deaths occurring within 1 hour). Tissue samples were submitted from 4 Columbian ewes for pathologic and analytical evaluation. Severe diffuse pulmonary edema was observed on gross and histologic examination. Inhibition of cholinesterase activity in retina (21.2-68.1% of normal activity, n = 3), brain (40.6-45.6% of normal activity, n = 3), and whole blood (27% of normal activity, n = 1) supported a diagnosis of carbamate toxicosis. Reversal of brain and whole blood cholinesterase activities (reactivation factor greater than 1.4) following an in vitro 1 hour incubation at 37 C was also consistent with carbamate poisoning. Aldicarb toxicosis was confirmed following its detection in rumen contents at 1.5, 5.5, and 334 ppm using both high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection and gas chromatography with nitrogen/phosphorus detection.
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PMID:Aldicarb toxicosis in a flock of sheep. 155 68

Besides general complications of immunosuppression such as increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections or malignancy, individual immunosuppressive agents are associated with specific side effects. Nephrotoxicity is the major side effect of cyclosporine (CsA). Various attempts have been made to minimize this toxicity, such as monitoring drug blood levels, modifying the protocol, and coadministering other agents. Other side effects caused by CsA are hepatotoxicity, hyperkalemia, hypertension, tremor, gum overgrowth, and hirsutism. Azathioprine (AZA) causes dose-related bone marrow suppression, commonly leading to leukopenia. Careful monitoring of complete blood cell count and dosage adjustment according to white blood cell count are usually adequate to prevent serious leukopenia. The side effects of corticosteroids are numerous and include slow wound healing and de novo insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Many complications are dose related, and with low dosage or discontinuation of steroids, their frequency rapidly decreases. Antilymphoblast and antithymocyte globulins (P-ALG) are foreign antibodies and may cause allergic-type reactions such as fever, chill, and hypotension. The initial side effect of monoclonal antibody (muromonab-CD3, OKT3) is similar to that of P-ALG. It includes high fever, shaking chills, headache, rigors, and hypotension. To prevent it, acetaminophen, an antihistamine, and a steroid usually are administered before injection. Because this agent is also associated with high frequency of pulmonary edema, it should not be given to any patient who has more than 3% body weight gain during the week prior to therapy. In rare case, it causes aseptic meningitis or encephalopathy, which is manifested by fever, severe headache, and seizure.
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PMID:Complications associated with immunosuppressive therapy and their management. 174 17

Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a disorder of unknown etiology unique to pregnant women. Classic clinical manifestations include hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. Early recognition and proper management of this disease may serve to avoid serious maternal complications. Ultimate maternal treatment depends on delivery of the fetus and placenta. Advanced stages of this disease result in multi-organ system dysfunction that may be life-threatening to the mother and her fetus. Such maternal complications of PIH include severe hypertension, oliguria or anuria, HELLP syndrome, eclamptic seizures, liver rupture, pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, and abruptio placentae. A multidisciplinary approach of the critical care team often will effect a reduction in maternal morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Management of severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. 174 3

Intravenous fluorescein angiography is a commonly performed and extraordinarily valuable diagnostic procedure. The frequency of adverse reactions after angiography has varied considerably in previous reports. In a prospective study of 2789 angiographic procedures in 2025 patients, the authors found that the percentage of adverse reactions depended strongly on the patient's angiographic history. Overall, adverse reactions followed 4.8% of the angiographic procedures. These reactions included nausea (2.9%), vomiting (1.2%), flushing/itching/hives (0.5%), and other reactions (dyspnea, syncope, excessive sneezing) (0.2%). No cases of anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, or seizures occurred. The percentage of reactions was 1.8% for patients who had had previous angiography without ever having had an adverse reaction. In contrast, the percentage of reactions was 48.6% for patients who had had an adverse reaction to angiography previously.
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PMID:Frequency of adverse systemic reactions after fluorescein angiography. Results of a prospective study. 189 Dec 25

Autonomic neural impulses that accompany discharges during a seizure can cause a variety of cardiac manifestations, including cardiac arrhythmias, sudden death, anginal chest pain, neurogenic pulmonary edema, and symptoms of pheochromocytoma. Either generalized or focal seizures may generate such signs and symptoms. A better appreciation of cardiac problems caused by epilepsy is helpful in preventing misdiagnosis, because the clinical picture in such a patient may be confusing.
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PMID:When epilepsy masquerades as heart disease. Awareness is key to avoiding misdiagnosis. 223 80


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