Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transient global amnesia is a clinical syndrome characterized by sudden onset of short-term memory loss followed by retrograde amnesia in an otherwise healthy subject. During the attack, the patient remains alert and retains much of his personal identity. The patient usually becomes upset and concerned about his memory loss. This condition may be diagnosed incorrectly as hysteria, psychosis, or temporal lobe seizure, despite its unique clinical features.
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PMID:Transient global amnesia. 42 19

We have reviewed 14 cases of water intoxication in psychiatric patients. In these cases the possibility of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) was suspected or diagnosed. The SIADH should be suspected in psychotic patients who drink water excessively, develop seizures, disorientation and deterioration of mental status.
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PMID:The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH): an overview. 43 92

Psychiatric disorders were investigated in 74 patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (complex partial epilepsy). In all cases unilateral anterior temporal lobectomy had been performed during the period 1960-69. At follow-up in 1970-71, 45 patients were free from seizures, and in a further group of 15 patients seizure frequency had been substantially reduced. There were four postoperative deaths. Six patients were psychiatrically normal and had no history of any such disorder. Behavioural disturbances were observed in 55 patients. Before operation 11 patients displayed schizophrenia-like psychoses, and nine others became psychotic during follow-up. Fourteen patients attempted suicide on one or more occasions. Half the patients had diminished sexual drive. Improvement in psychiatric status was clearly correlated with relief from seizures and, in those cases with only a few or no seizures after operation, led directly to social rehabilitation. The presence or absence of a psychiatric disorder was not useful as a criterion for or against surgery.
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PMID:Mental aspects of temporal lobe epilepsy. Follow-up of 74 patients after resection of a temporal lobe. 43 35

1) Of 267 patients with epilepsy who were examined in our clinic during the period between 1964 and 1966, 97 were investigated in a 10-year follow-up study. The patients were selected according to the following criteria: the age of onset of seizures was 10 years or older and the follow-up period was 10 years after the onset of seizures. Of the 97 patients, 36 were followed up by mail. 2) In the adult 10-year follow-up study, seizures disappeared in 43.3%, decreased in 34.0%, remained unchanged in 16.5%, and were aggravated in 6.2% of the 97 patients. Comparing the five-year follow-up study with the present study, the rate of cases which were free of seizures for three years was 22.7% in the five-year study and 43.3% in this study. The seizures were controlled for at least three years in 22.9% of the cases with partial seizure and in 63.3% of the cases with generalized seizure. The worst prognoses were found in cases with versive seizure in which the seizure was unchanged and/or aggravated in 4 (44.4%) of 9 cases. Of 16 cases with psychomotor seizure, 25% were unchanged or aggravated. 3) Comparing the impaired consciousness seizure with the psychomotor seizure, there was a tendency for the psychomotor seizures to remain as a single type of partial seizure, while the impaired consciousness seizure tended to develop easily into a secondarily generalized seizure. 4) Of the 97 patients, three were personality disorders in 19 cases (19.6%), episodic psychotic state in 2 cases (2.1%), and mental retardation in 6 cases (6.2%). Disorders of mood, irritability and explosiveness associated with personality disorders were improved in three of six cases whose seizures disappeared. Personality disorders were found in half of those cases with partial complex seizures. No correlation was found between mental symptoms and the prognosis of seizures. 5) The EEG was improved in 15 (27.8%) of a total of 54 cases, unchanged in 35 (64.8%) and aggravated in 4 (7.4%). In comparing the prognosis of clinical seizure with changes in the EEG, the seizures improved in 40 (74.1%) of the cases, whereas the EEG improved in only 15 (27.8%) of 54 cases. Most of the clinical seizures were controlled or decreased, whether the EEG improved or not.
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PMID:A 10-year follow-up study of 97 epileptics. 47 91

In the survey of 74 Danish patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who underwent temporal lobectomy, a total of 20 patients were psychotic. Nine of these became psychotic during the follow-up period, six of them after cessation of their epileptic seizures. There were 13 schizophrenia-like psychoses, six paranoid delusional and depressive psychoses, and one childhood psychosis. Operation was on the right side in 39 and on the left side in 35 patients. When the various psychotic groups were compared with each other or with the nonpsychotic patients, the side of operation was not found to be statistically important. The patients with psychoses were older at operation and showed a higher rate of focal lesions in the resected specimens. Although more psychotic patients were bright or normally gifted, and had achieved a higher standard of schooling than nonpsychotic patients, their social status after operation was inferior. Surgery had no effect on psychosis present preoperatively nor on its possible postoperative onset. The diagnosis of psychosis was not considered to be contraindication to temporal lobectomy.
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PMID:Psychoses in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. 51 70

A 36-year-old man with prolonged confusion developed after psychomotor status was reported. He had no past history of epileptic seizures or psychotic disorders. The status continued for 20 hours, and twilight state and a slight fever lasted for about 10 days. Thereafter gross impairment of memory and disorientation became remarkable, and, in addition, strong psychic and autonomic disturbances developed, such as visual and auditory hallucinations, excessive excitement, disturbance of sleep, polyphagia, polydypsia, polyuria and hyperhidrosis. The CT scan, carotide angiography, CSF examination, and complement fixation tests for viruses were all within normal limits. The EEGs showed a slowing of the background activity, 0.6--0.8 Hz periodic high voltage wave discharges and random spikes in each temporal area. The clinical symptoms and EEG findings gradually improved without remarkable damage.
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PMID:A case of prolonged confusion after temporal lobe psychomotor status. 52 Sep 42

Of 631 epileptic patients examined in our seizure clinic in the period between January 1961 and December 1966, 97 (15.4%) have been treated until September 1976, when the long-term prognosis was evaluated. The "good prognosis (completely controlled)" were found in 59% of grand mal, in 55% of focal motor seizure, in 42% of psychomotor and in 33% of the mixed seizure in which more than two types of seizures were combined; in 49% (48 cases) on the average. Seventy-nine percent of the cases of the mixed seizure were combined with psychomotor seizures. In the psychomotor and the mixed seizure groups, the presence of personality disorders tended to lead them to "poor prognosis" which meant that the seizures were not well controlled. Twelve cases manifested psychotic (paranoid) state: a schizophrenic, a case with chronic paranoid-hallucinatory state, and 10 patients with episodic paranoid state, whose episodes may be identified with the paranoid reactions. Out of the 49 "poor prognosis" cases, 17 (35%) had had seizure-free periods for more than three years in the past course of their treatment.
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PMID:A study on long-term prognosis of epilepsy. 59 Aug 75

The patient was a 35-year-old, unmarried male whose epileptic psychomotor fits persisted since the age of 13. The author has observed the case for about 12 years, so that incomplete information concerning epileptic symptoms was considered to be compensated considerably by longitudinal observation, including ictal seizure and ictal EEG's. In this patient seizure with impaired consciousness which correspond rhythmic slow waves of EEG tracing might be a nuclear sign; several kinds of automatism then might be considered as postictal phenomenon. The most important of all was tonic seizure of psychomotor epilepsy particularly in the face which was not seen in the petit mal epilepsy. With observation of ictal period as well as ictal EEG, differential identification of centrencephalic epilepsy and psychomotor epilepsy may not be totally impossible. The case also showed a typical productive psychotic episodes of Landolt, which could be treated favorably by 10 mg of intravenous Haloperidol. This method, named as "pathologization" of Helmchen, was found by the present author as a useful treatmental means of choice.
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PMID:Ictal clinical patterns and ictal EEG in a case of partial seizures of frontotemporal origin associated with complex symptomatology. 59 Aug 79

Electroencephalographic changes were examined in the caudate nucleus and accumbens nucleus during limbic seizure development in eight kindled cat preparations. The emergence of self-sustained after-discharge and interictal discharge was demonstrated in the accumbens nucleus during limbic seizure development. This finding suggests secondary epileptogenic functional alterations in the mesolimbic dopamine neuron systems. Moreover, the epileptiform responses triggered from the accumbens and caudate nuclei increased markedly with progressive limbic seizure development. These results suggest that a limbic seizure could produce a secondary functional reorganization of the brain dopaminergic neuron systems, especially of the mesolimbic dopamine neuron systems that has been reported to play an important role in the manifestation of psychotic symptom.
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PMID:Functional changes in the caudate and accumbens nuclei during amygdaloid and hippocampal seizure development in kindled cats. 59 Aug 82

Nosological interpretation and therapy of epileptic psychosis is difficult, since psychotic and epileptic activities are of quite different time relationships. Case reports of two patients suffering from psychosis and showing generalized spike-wave paroxysms, without evidence of clinical seizures, are presented. The problems of diagnosing epileptic psychosis under these circumstances and the therapeutic approach are discussed.
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PMID:[Comments on epileptic psychosis (two case reports) (author's transl)]. 62 33


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