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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An assessment of morbidity in near-drowning was made from a review of emergency room and hospital records of 72 patients, ages 9 months to 20 years, who suffered near-drowning during the period January 1972 through June 1974. Fifteen patients (21% evidenced severe anoxic encephalopathy; the remainder had no detectable neurologic deficits. Hypoxemia was demonstrated in 56 patients. Severe acidosis was not present unless respiratory failure occurred. Neither electrolytes, red blood cell hemolysis, nor cardiac arrhythmias presented a problem. Respiratory complications included pulmonary edema, aspiration pneumonia, atelectasis, shock lung, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum. All children requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency room suffered anoxic encephalopathy. The occurrence of seizures, fixed and dilated pupils, flaccid extremities, and lack of response to deep pain in the emergency room had almost universal correlation with resultant severe anoxic encephalopathy, as did a submersion period of six or more minutes. The morbidity of near-drowning is significant with regard to the number of children affected and the severity of the central nervous system insult received. The statement by the American Heart Association that resuscitative efforts in children should be continued for periods longer than ten minutes needs reevaluation, since neurologic recovery did not occur in any child requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency room. More importantly, new methods of cerebral resuscitation need to be developed and established. In short, medical personnel need to think in terms of cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) rather than in terms of CPR.
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PMID:Morbidity of childhood near-drowning. 84 May 54

Hypo- and hypertension, arrhythmias, bradycardia extending to cardiac arrest with circulatory failure, pneumothorax, allergic reactions with or without anaphylactic shock, production of methaemoglobin, vomiting, vertigo, disorientation, acoustic and visual disorders, tinnitus, slurred speech, muscle contractions, unconsciousness, and epileptic seizures are well-known complications associated with local anaesthetics. We have observed an additional central nervous system complication: a case of transient, total motor aphasia (Broca aphasia) in a 50-year-old patient after axillary blockade of the brachial plexus. Possible causes such as type and dosage of local anaesthetic or a transient ischaemic attack in the area of the prerolandic artery are discussed and related to the literature. Ultimately, however, it is still not apparent why this complication could appear although there was no overdosage intravascular injection, or abnormality of the pulse or blood pressure, and why its manifestation was limited to a motor aphasia.
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PMID:[Transient total motor aphasia. A complication of an axillary brachial plexus block]. 149 33

The outcome of 143 live-born infants of very low birth weight (defined as less than 1500 g) who were born in 1980-81 to women resident in Newfoundland and Labrador is described. Sixty-one infants (43%) died during the first year of life. Of the 82 surviving infants 79 were followed for 18 months to 3 years. Eight (10%) were found to have evidence of severe neurodevelopmental abnormality, and nine (11%) were found to have various minor problems, including seizures, developmental delay and behavioural disorders. There was an inverse association between birth weight and mortality. Neonatal pneumothorax, seizures and clinical evidence of intraventricular hemorrhage were more commonly seen among infants who died; these factors also seemed to be predictive of an adverse long-term outcome. Continuous monitoring of the rates of death and disability among infants of very low birth weight born within a defined region should provide the basis for rational planning and delivery of neonatal intensive care.
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PMID:Outcome of infants of very low birth weight: a geographically based study. 243 34

A 41-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic because of an acute subdural hematoma. After an emergency operation her neurological status improved with an increase in the Glasgow Coma Scale score from 6 to 11. On the second postoperative day she developed frequent episodes of clonic convulsive seizures localized in the face and the left upper extremity, and her level of consciousness deteriorated. Next day she was transnasally intubated for respiratory management, but no mechanical ventilation was required. While she was undergoing the CT scanning 5 days after intubation, respiratory arrest and cyanosis developed all of a sudden, and her face and neck became swollen. The chest x-ray revealed a marked subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema and bilateral pneumothorax. CT at that time showed a diffuse low density area in the right hemisphere, and a marked midline shift returned. She did not regain consciousness and died 12 days after the incident. At autopsy an ulcer was observed in the wall of the trachea, where the tip or the cuff of the transnasal tracheal tube was supposed to be present. No perforation, however, was there. Case 2: A 75-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of SAH. In hospital course she was also transnasally intubated and required no mechanical ventilation. When she was undergoing the CT scanning 3 days after intubation, she developed subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema similarly to case 1. Although it is reported to be not a rare complication in patients on a mechanical ventilator, subcutaneous emphysema or pneumothorax is extremely rare in those intubated patients with spontaneous respiration. The mechanism of these complications in these cases is briefly discussed.
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PMID:[Pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema and mediastinal emphysema in transnasally intubated patients]. 251 87

The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory features of acute severe asthma (ASA) in children and their outcome of mechanical ventilation (MV). Twenty ASA episodes admitted to the hospital with hypercapnia (HC) and/or lost of consciousness (LC) and/or severe non reversible bronchial obstruction (NRBO) were retrospectively studied. Long lasting asthma and frequent admissions were registered in the majority of cases. In HC group (14 cases) the PaCO2 was 70 +/- 26 mmHg (X +/- SD). Hypercapnia was associated with intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate in three cases. In NRBO group (4 cases) the acute response to salbutamol brought out during the first week of treatment and it was associated with increased basal forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Ten cases were treated with MV because of hypercapnia and/or lost of consciousness, seizures (one case), and cardiac arrest (one case). The later patient died in 24 hours. Pneumothorax and atelectasis (one case), and pneumonia (one case) were the complications of mechanical ventilation. Three cases with PaO2 less than 60 mmHg and four cases with FEV1 less than 60% were sent home. After 27 days one patient from the later group had a new episode of ASA. Arterial gases and expiratory flow measurements are paramount tools for close monitoring of children with ASA. It is suggested that normalization of those parameters are an essential criteria for discharging those patients.
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PMID:[Severe asthmatic crisis in children]. 265 54

81 preterm infants of 34 weeks' gestation or less were prospectively and sequentially examined by means of real-time ultrasound in order to identify which clinical risk factors might be associated with the development of peri-intraventricular haemorrhage (PVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Infants were allocated in three groups: group A (n = 44): with normal scans; group B (n = 24): with isolated PVH, and group C (n = 13): with PVL. 28 obstetrical and neonatal factors were compared within the three groups using two methods of statistical analysis (2 x 2 chi 2 analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis). Hyaline membrane disease, acidosis, pneumothorax and Apgar score at 10 min were statistically associated with PVH. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that need for resuscitation, hyaline membrane disease, acidosis and gestational age were the most important factors. Gestational age, seizures, hyaline membrane disease, apnoea with hypoxaemia and bradycardia were strongly associated with PVL. These results suggest that a low gestational age, the need for resuscitation and a respiratory distress syndrome with its consequences might lead to PVH, whereas a low gestational age, hypoxaemia and cardiocirculatory disturbances might decrease cerebral perfusion and result into PVL.
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PMID:Risk factors associated with the development of peri-intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia. 274 34

A review of 46 perinatal deaths was conducted using a 1982 to 1985 regional perinatal network database of 6701 delivered postdate (greater than or equal to 42 weeks gestation) infants. Perinatal mortality (6.9 per 1000 births) increased as gestational age advanced beyond 42 weeks, and was higher in young teenagers or mothers with some additional antenatal complications, such as hypertension. Meconium staining of the amniotic fluid, low Apgar scores, low birthweight, congenital malformations, and neonatal complications, including pneumothorax, meconium aspiration, and seizures, were associated with perinatal death.
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PMID:Postdate pregnancies: a review of 46 perinatal deaths. 365 Nov 86

A study of pregnancy outcome was performed using a 1982-1985 regional network database of 60,456 infants. The perinatal mortality rate was 15.6 deaths per 1,000 births (total, 942), while the antepartum, intrapartum and neonatal mortality rates were 5.3, 1.6 and 8.7, respectively. Seven hundred forty-three multiple gestation pregnancies (1.2%) and 1,632 major congenital anomalies (2.7%) were identified. The corrected perinatal mortality rate was 13.8 deaths per 1,000 births. This study revealed that prematurity, postdatism, congenital anomalies, low Apgar scores and neonatal complications, including respiratory distress syndrome, pneumothorax, persistent fetal circulation, intracerebral hemorrhage and seizure activity, were major factors contributing to mortality. This analysis suggests that a further reduction in mortality should follow a reduction in preterm deliveries and their sequelae and the early identification and management of maternal and fetal antenatal complications.
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PMID:Perinatal morbidity and mortality in a regional perinatal network. 365 98

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a rare disease of the nervous system, being characterized by seizures, mental retardation and adenoma sebaceum. Concomitant pleuropulmonary lesions and spontaneous pneumothorax are extremely rare during the evolution of this disease. To date, only 19 cases of TS and spontaneous pneumothorax have been described in the literature. Here we present a case of TS and associated pleuropulmonary lesions with spontaneous pneumothorax in a 29-year-old female patient. Clinical, roentgenographic and histological aspects of this disease are commented upon.
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PMID:Tuberous sclerosis and associated pleuropulmonary lesions. 619 62

An 8-month-old girl with acute mercury vapor intoxication experienced pneumonitis with respiratory failure, bilateral pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, acute renal failure, hepatocellular dysfunction, and seizures. Treatment centered on intensive supportive care; her survival is exceptional among infants with severe mercury intoxication.
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PMID:Survival after acute mercury vapor poisoning. 686 32


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