Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A representative sample of 117 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) was interviewed on pain syndromes. Chronic syndromes lasting more than one month included dysaestesthesia, low back pain, spasms, tonic seizures, tightening and painful sensations in the extremities. Acute syndromes included neuralgia, L'Hermitte's sign and pain associated with optic neuritis. Thirty-five per cent were pain-free. Of the remaining patients had 45% pain at the time of the examination, 32% indicated pain among the most severe symptoms of MS and 23% had pain at the onset of MS. The number of patients with pain at the time of the examination increased with age and duration of disease. Patients with pain were significantly more often spastic and significantly more often sought alternative treatment forms. No difference was found for mean age, sex, physical impairment, duration of disease from onset of MS, depressive score and score of delayed verbal memory.
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PMID:Acute and chronic pain syndromes in multiple sclerosis. 195 Apr 60

1. The tetradecapeptide somatostatin (SS) has a widespread, uneven distribution within several organs including the central nervous system (CNS), with particularly high concentration in the hypothalamus. 2. The SS-related peptides (SS28, SS28(1-12), SS28(15-28)) are originated from the precursor pre-prosomatostatin. 3. SS is suggested to be involved in a large number of CNS functions, locomotion, sedation, excitation, catatonia, body temperature, feeding, nociception, paradoxical sleep, self-stimulation, seizure, learning and memory. 4. SS influences central neurochemical processes. 5. It is possible that SS is related to various neurological and psychiatric illnesses, like Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, eating disorders, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and major depressive illness.
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PMID:Preclinical and clinical studies with somatostatin related to the central nervous system. 197 75

Although pain is not considered a typical symptom of multiple sclerosis, more than 50% of patients with MS present with pain syndromes. In the setting of an incurable disease, symptom control and particularly pain control is very important in achieving a better quality of life. For paroxysmal pain syndromes such as trigeminal neuralgia or painful tonic seizures, carbamazepine and other anticonvulsive drugs are the cornerstone of treatment. On the other hand, drugs are not always effective in treating the various chronic pain syndromes such as dysesthetic extremity pain or leg spasms. In these conditions, individualized regular physiotherapy may relieve pain.
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PMID:[Pain in multiple sclerosis. Clinical aspects and therapy]. 214 31

Multiple sclerosis lesions may occur predominantly in the hemispheric white matter and cause various psychiatric disorders such as remitting-relapsing endoform or exogenous psychosis, organic personality alterations and dementia. Nineteen patients suffering from this encephalitic form of multiple sclerosis as diagnosed by characteristic CSF immunoglobulin findings are analysed according to established psychopathological criteria. All cases began with psychiatric symptoms and neurological signs were either absent or overlooked. Several patients developed typical encephalomyelitic symptoms in successive relapses, but other remained with psychiatric disorders over many years. Only four patients had retrobulbar neuritis, but seven suffered from epileptic seizures. The humoral immune response was characterized by a strong dominance of IgG and a local synthesis of polyspecific antibodies against measles, rubella and varicella/zoster virus. The mononuclear CSF pleocytosis was comparatively marked with cell counts up to 180/microliter.
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PMID:Psychiatric disorders in the encephalitic form of multiple sclerosis. 215 56

In a series of 2,353 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, 40 subjects presented seizures, with an overall prevalence of 1.70%. The prevalence was 2.33% (34/1,459) in definite MS cases, 0.58 in probable cases (3/518), 0.79 in possible cases (3/376). Twenty-six patients were females, 14 were males. In 13 cases, epilepsy had begun before MS onset; in 4 patients, the two diseases started contemporarily; in 23 patients, epilepsy followed MS onset. No relationship was found between frequency of seizures and course of MS nor between frequency of seizures and MS severity. In 12 patients, magnetic resonance imaging was performed: plaques adjacent to the cerebral cortex were found in 3 cases. The electroencephalogram showed paroxysmal discharges in 11 patients (focal in 2, diffuse in 9). Slow theta and/or delta activity was found in 15 patients (focal in 7, diffuse in 6, both focal and diffuse in 2). The EEG was normal in 14 patients. Possible etiological factors other than MS were recognized in 4 patients only: cranial trauma in 3, meningitis in 1. Our study on a large MS population confirms that MS is associated to a risk for epilepsy higher than that of the general population.
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PMID:Epilepsy in multiple sclerosis. 220 77

Ten patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were enrolled in a preliminary trial of the potassium channel blocker, 3,4-diaminopyridine, to evaluate drug toxicity and pharmacokinetics. The patients were treated with oral 3,4-diaminopyridine, first with increasing single doses up to 100 mg and then with divided dosage for up to 3 weeks. Paresthesias were reported by all patients and abdominal pain was dose limiting in 6 patients. 3,4-Diaminopyridine levels and half-life varied widely from patient to patient. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of 3,4-diaminopyridine were about 10% of those in serum. Neither seizures nor epileptiform changes on electroencephalographic examination occurred. Small reversible improvements in specific neurological deficits were seen on examination in all patients and reversible improvement in visual evoked response latencies were found in 2 patients. These results suggest that further study of 3,4-diaminopyridine in patients with MS is warranted.
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PMID:Preliminary trial of 3,4-diaminopyridine in patients with multiple sclerosis. 235 97

A 53-year-old man developed spastic ataxia associated with diabetes insipidus. The patient experienced frequent attacks of stiffness and numbness of the four limbs accompanied by difficulty of speech. During an eight years' follow-up a progressive deterioration of the motor function was observed but no extracerebral manifestations were noticed. The association of spastic ataxia is generally considered as diagnostic of histiocytosis X. In the present case, however, multiple sclerosis seems a more likely diagnosis in view of the late onset and the highly characteristic brain stem seizures.
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PMID:Diabetes insipidus in a patient with suspected multiple sclerosis. 238 1

Thirteen patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) were studied with electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), evoked potentials and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. We attempted to correlate the findings with physical disability as defined by Kurtzke score and presence of dementia or seizures. More severe plaque disease on MRI and increased physical disability correlated significantly with abnormality on brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) while visual evoked potential (VEP) abnormality correlated only with MRI findings. No such correlation was found with the EEG. The close relationship between BAEP and MRI abnormalities probably reflects frequent involvement of brain-stem corticospinal pathways.
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PMID:Evoked potentials and EEG in multiple sclerosis. 244 67

A clinical history typical of multisclerosis began in a 20-year old man with transient, then permanent manifestations involving the optic tract and the pyramidal, extrapyramidal and cerebellar systems. The patient died at the age of 62, at the end-stage of a complex clinical situation which included paraplegia, bilateral cerebellar syndrome, optic nerve atrophy, epileptic seizures and dementia. When the patient was 54 years old, laboratory findings suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were discovered, namely: antinuclear, native anti-DNA, anti-Sm antibodies, circulating anticoagulant, cryoglobulinaemia and low complement level. These abnormalities persisted up to the patient's death, 8 years later, without any non-neurological sign of SLE. Post-mortem examination showed lesions of focal demyelination characteristic of multiple sclerosis, but no evidence of cerebral or extracerebral SLE. This case raises the problem of borderlines or associations between systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. In our case, as in other cases of "lupoid sclerosis" reported in the literature, there was a frank and isolated elevation of serum IgM levels.
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PMID:[Multiple sclerosis associated with biological symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus. A case with anatomical study]. 248 95

Two cases of disseminated vasculomyelinopathy (one of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), the other of acute transverse myelitis), are reported because of the persistence, 3 years and 5 months respectively, of abnormalities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These abnormalities remained although in the first case the disease had been essentially asymptomatic from the onset except for one seizure, the patient remaining neurologically intact, whereas in the second case, the patient had made a complete recovery from very serious neurologic dysfunction. The first case illustrates the fact that ADEM may rarely occur without any symptoms, even in the presence of severe imaging abnormalities in both CT and MRI. Neither the persistence of a blood-brain barrier permeability alteration nor gliosis can satisfactorily explain the MRI changes, and thus the pathological significance of areas of increased signal intensity in MRI remains poorly understood and a matter of uncertainty. This report emphasizes the futility of attempting to correlate any kind of clinical observation, laboratory parameter, or effect of therapeutic regimens with changes, or lack thereof, in the MRI in multiple sclerosis and disseminated vasculomyelinopathy.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging in asymptomatic disseminated vasculomyelinopathy. 261 77


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