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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report concerns a hypertensive woman who suffered a stroke at the age of 51 and recovered from left hemiparesis after 3 to 4 months. During the subsequent 24 years she had four seizures which involved the left arm and face and became generalized, ending with left hemiparesis, from which she recovered after 4 to 5 days. Carotid angiography was performed in 1967, 1973 and 1974 and the characteristic picture of moyamoya disease was demonstrated. She died at the age of 77 with extensive vascular disease. The literature concerning 215 cases of moyamoya disease, in which there were 14 intracerebral hematomas, is reviewed and discussed.
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PMID:Moyamoya disease and intracerebral hematoma. Clinical pathological report. 51 96

38 cases of Takayasu's arteritis were reported. The mean age of onset was 23.3 years with a female: male ratio of 1:1.7. The median delay between first symptom and time of diagnosis was 12.2 years. Headache was the most common symptom of neurologic manifestations (55%). Major neurologic events occurred in 52.7% patients in this group, including TIA, cerebral infarction, hypertensive encephalopathy, lacunar infarct, seizure, paraplegia, watershed infarct, cerebral hemorrhage, Moyamoya phenomenon, and confusion in the order of frequency. A variety of mechanisms that must be taken into account in explaining this neurologic events were proposed. The secondary hypertension and cardiac complications play an important role in causing neurologic symptoms. The formation of anastomotic networks has "Jekyll and Hyde" effect on brain both in preventing or limiting the ischemic injury and in producing some special symptoms and signs, that further widen the clinical spectrum of brain involvement.
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PMID:[Neurological manifestation of Takayasu's arteritis]. 136 36

5 cases of ischemic strokes in young women who used oral contraceptives and smoked cigarettes are described in clinical and angiographic detail, the risk factors for moyamoya disease are discussed in a review or strokes in pill users, and the notion that oral contraceptive and smoking may cause a moyamoya pattern of stroke is proposed. The women were aged 20-32, used the pill from 2 weeks-8 years, had smoked approximately 10-20 pack-years. 2 women had headaches and 4 had transient ischemic attacks before their multifocal symptoms in visual, somatosensory and motor function, language, speech and cognition. 2 had seizures. Angiographic patterns of either supraclinoid stenosis (4) or proximal carotid artery stenosis (1) with the collateral circulation characteristic of moyamoya disease were evident in all, but there was no evidence of hemorrhagic infarction. There were no signs of atherosclerosis. Subtle signs of an immunologic process included antinuclear antibody titer of 1:160 in 1 woman, elevated sedimentation rate and elevated circulating immune complexes in another patient, and elevated cerebrospinal protein and IgG in a third woman. 4 of the patients remained stable after stopping oral contraceptives and stopping or reducing smoking. The 5th, who continued smoking, had progressive symptoms for 10 years. It was suggested that antibodies to ethinyl estradiol, a possible cause of this disorder, be further investigated.
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PMID:Accelerated intracranial occlusive disease, oral contraceptives, and cigarette use. 841 56

Clinical and necropsy findings in 11 patients with sickle cell anemia (SS) indicate that intracranial hemorrhage (IH) is a delayed sequela of the same vasculopathy that causes cerebral infarction during childhood. Evidence of prior cerebral infarction during childhood included hemiparesis, seizures, an episode of coma, or mental retardation. Computerized tomography (CT) scans showed cerebral infarcts with lucent areas and dilated ventricles or cerebral atrophy. CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans after the intracranial hemorrhage demonstrated intraventricular or intracerebral hemorrhages. Angiography or autopsy in seven patients showed widespread vascular occlusion and narrowing of arterial vessels. Moyamoya with internal carotid artery occlusion was identified in two cases. At the time of the IH, three patients were being treated with prophylactic transfusion regimens. We hypothesize that the central nervous system vasculopathy progresses over time and that arterial narrowing in both large and small vessels secondary to endothelial hyperplasia is followed by neovascularization and hemorrhage. Recognition of this pattern of delayed intracranial hemorrhage following cerebral infarction should encourage more intensive evaluation aimed at developing rational interventional therapy prior to a terminal intracranial hemorrhage.
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PMID:Delayed intracranial hemorrhage following cerebral infarction in sickle cell anemia. 213 21

A nine-year-old Chinese boy had suffered from recurrent episodes of adversive seizure for about a year, seizures which affected the left upper limb, with his head and eyes turning toward the left. An acute attack of left upper-limb weakness and central-type facial palsy occurred before his consultation. Cranial computed tomography (CT) revealed infarction of the right frontoparietal area, and increased density in the head of the left caudate nucleus. Cerebral angiographic study demonstrated a typical pattern of moyamoya disease with bilateral stenosis of the supraclinoid portion of internal carotid arteries. Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis with encephalomyosynangiosis were performed twice, with resulting good patency of blood flow observed in the follow-up angiographic study.
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PMID:Moyamoya disease manifested initially by repeated attacks of adversive seizure: report of one case. 228 45

Three cases with seizures induced by movement are presented. These patients were a 24-year-old man, a 15-year-old girl and a 15-year-old boy respectively. In each case, the onset began at the age of thirteen. The following characteristics were observed in all cases. The attacks were precipitated by sudden initiation of voluntary movement after rest. The attacks were brought on, for instance, by running quickly from a standing position, and were characterized by tonic spasm or choreoathetotic movement of unilateral extremities. They lasted only 5 - 10 seconds, without loss of consciousness and occurred up to ten times daily. Between the attacks there were no abnormalities. Neurological examination and laboratory findings were all negative. EEG at rest showed normal findings in two cases and abnormality in one case. Cerebral angiograms did not show any abnormalities in any of the cases. On CT scans and MRI, mild dilatation of lateral ventricles was observed in one case. One of these three cases was familial. Concerning treatment, carbamazepine was the most effective means to inhibit the attacks in all three cases. Seizures induced by movement may suggest moyamoya disease to neurosurgeons who are not familiar with this disease, so it is important to be able to recognize this disease when it is encountered.
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PMID:[Seizures induced by movement]. 239 23

Twelve patients with moyamoya disease were examined, 6 of them suffered from epileptic seizures. The epileptic syndrome was of a polymorphic, but mostly of a localized character. The authors emphasize the importance of complex examination of the patients, including angiography, EEG, computed tomography, scintigraphy of the brain, and blood test. It is suggested that the affection of the vessels in this disease is systemic. Combined treatment by means of nonoperative and operative methods is suggested.
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PMID:[Clinical course and treatment of moyamoya disease]. 313 16

The authors studied 34 patients with juvenile ischemic cerebrovascular disease over a 15-year period. Of the 34 patients, 23 had intracranial occlusions attributed to cerebral thrombosis or embolism and 11 had occlusions resulting from moyamoya disease. Clinicopathological features were evaluated in the 23 cases with ischemic stroke, but not those with moyamoya disease. The cause of the arterial occlusion remained undetermined in 11 patients and was found to be an embolism based on congenital heart disease in 8, on trauma in 3, and on infection in 1. Cerebral angiography was performed in 21 patients. Of these, 17 had stenoses or occlusions corresponding to their symptoms. CT scans were performed in 10 patients; the lesion in question showed no stenosis or occlusion with cerebral angiography. With regard to prognosis, patients with unknown etiology had good outcomes compared with those with congenital heart disease. With respect to "acute infantile hemiplegia", 10 patients had convulsive seizures and 4 had a history of an earlier infection. Angiography and CT scans in patients with congenital heart disease demonstrated arterial occlusive sites in the middle cerebral artery region. Three patients had abscesses after their ischemic lesions.
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PMID:Ischemic stroke in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. 324 46

Authors review 53 children, aged 0 to 14 years, affected with cerebrovascular ischemic strokes. Largest aetiological groups were: a) congenital heart disease, 16 patients; b) arteritis of unknown cause, 11; c) idiopathic arterial occlusion without arteritis images on angiography, 7; d) moyamoya disease, 6; and d) local or systemic infections, 5. The mode of onset was as completed stroke in 72% and stroke in evolution in 24%. After acute stage 17.6% of patients presented other definitive strokes, 11.7% suffered only transient ischemic strokes (TIA), and 4% reversible ischemic neurologic deficits (RIND). Mean follow-up was 4.36 years, 9.8% of patients died, 11.8% recovered completely and 52.9% improved after initial stroke. Poor global evolution was associated with heart disease (p less than 0.05) and with onset of strokes before age 2 (p less than 0.05). Most important sequelae, besides motor impairment, were epilepsy (49%) and mental retardation (50% got less than IQ 80). Late epilepsy was associated with seizures at onset (p less than 0.05). Clinical factors of adverse mental development were: a) seizures at onset, b) late epilepsy and c) stroke before age 2. 66% of cases had two or more arterial lesions in the same or in different arterial trees. Therefore, embolic and arteritic factors probably play an important role in infancy and childhood stroke.
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PMID:[Ischemic cerebrovascular accidents in childhood]. 340 Sep 36

In the present study the pathology and treatment of occlusion of cerebral arteries in children were investigated in an attempt to find out an approach to the surgical treatment of cerebral arterial occlusive disease of childhood. We had a total of 55 children with cerebrovascular disorders seen at our Institute during the past 11 years. In this series there were 19 cases of cerebral arterial occlusive disease. The causes in 15 cases of cerebral arterial occlusive disease except for moyamoya disease were heart disease in 7 cases, trauma in 2 cases and unknown in 6 cases. The cerebral arterial occlusive disease had its onset at the age of less than 6 years in 12 of 15 cases. The disease began with hemiplegia of sudden onset. The disease onset was also attended frequently by a convulsive seizure, which distinguishes the condition from that in adults. In 10 of all 15 lesions the site of occlusion was in the distribution of the middle cerebral artery. One case in which there was occlusion of the basilar artery occurring in association with trauma was described in detail. In one instance the treatment consisted of STA-MCA anastomosis. Paroxysmal black out attacks, which had been of frequent occurrence in addition to hemiplegia were relieved postoperatively. In our opinion, STA-MCA anastomosis for cerebral arterial occlusive disease in children should be considered to be indicated only when 1) cerebral angiographic evidence of occlusion or stenosis of a trunk of cerebral artery is still present after the acute stage or 2) no extensive low density area is demonstrable on CT scan. Surgery is generally less indicated in those instances in which the occlusion is due to embolism. However since abscess may arise from such an arterial lesion, surgery should be considered, or at least its feasibility be evaluated, whenever 1) the underlying cardiac pathology well permits surgical intervention and 2) half a year has passed since an initial attack.
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PMID:[Cerebral arterial occlusive disease in children -- clinical aspects and surgical treatment (author's transl)]. 727 22


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