Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a 53-year old male suffering from paretic neurosyphilis, SPECT-investigations were performed before and after treatment with high doses of Penicillin G. The patient was admitted for disturbances of speech and concentration, memory disorder and tonic-clonic seizures. Mental examination showed a mild dysphoria and irritability in mood, but no disturbance of orientation, no euphoria or expansive delusions, and no paranoia. Mini-Mental-State examination was within the normal range (28 points); no abnormalities were found on neurologic examination, and CT and MRI investigations showed normal findings. The diagnosis was verified by CSF-examination (pleocytosis, elevated protein, positive Lues reactions). SPECT investigation with Tc 99m HMPAO (20 mCi, single-head rotating camera) revealed a pronounced bilateral parieto-temporal uptake deficiency as observed in patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type. After 18 months the clinical symptoms had remitted, and laboratory findings were improved. On the other hand, the bilateral parieto-temporal uptake deficiency in SPECT remained unchanged. Possible causes of these findings are discussed in relation to neuropathologic findings. It can be concluded that bilateral parieto-temporal uptake deficiency in SPECT is a nonspecific finding and that there is no correlation between clinical improvement and SPECT pattern in paretic neurosyphilis.
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PMID:[Lack of specificity of single photon emission computerized tomography in dementia--results of a case of progressive paralysis]. 163 20

A 19-year-old woman presented with severe carbon monoxide poisoning resulting in coma, brain stem signs, cerebellar syndrome, anterograde memory disorder and some frontal signs. Nine years later, generalized seizures appeared. At the age of 31, the cerebellar syndrome and memory disorders persisted. MRI showed cerebellar and internal temporal atrophy with high-intensity signals, and hippocampal and callosal atrophy. SPECT (Xe133) showed a low cerebellar blood flow.
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PMID:[Cerebellar syndrome after carbon monoxide poisoning. Magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission tomography]. 799 44

We report a patient who, at age 38, presented with temporal lobe seizures and an atypical memory disorder 3 years before the discovery of a testicular tumor. Detailed neuropsychological testing revealed a relatively isolated amnestic syndrome. The amnesia was atypical as the patient could retain information for hour-long periods, only to lose it later. Serologic studies revealed the presence of a circulating autoantibody that demonstrated an unusual affinity for the nucleolus of cerebral cortical neurons. Western blot analysis of cortical neurons revealed that this antibody reacted with proteins different from other previously identified paraneoplastic neurologic antigens (Hu, Yo, Ri). We believe this to be a case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis secondary to the testicular tumor. This patient presents unique characteristics with respect to the mode of presentation, features of the amnesia, and the presence of a circulating antibody with an unusual reactivity pattern.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic temporal lobe epilepsy with testicular neoplasm and atypical amnesia. 803 28

We report a patient with a generalized frontal-predominant nonconvulsive status epilepticus without clinically apparent altered consciousness. The patient was examined and EEG performed during and after the episode. Severe retrograde and anterograde amnesia during the seizure, contrasting with a preservation of ongoing memories formation that could be assessed only after its resolution, suggests a transient disconnection of access to stored representations. This unusual memory disorder is both clinically and electrographically dissimilar to other reported cases of transient epileptic amnesia. Although the patient probably had numerous episodes previously, there was no history of overt seizure.
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PMID:Failure to recall (but not to remember): pure transient amnesia during nonconvulsive status epilepticus. 919 4

Memory impairment in a 63-year-old man was the most prominent expression of partial epileptic seizures from the temporal lobe, probably resulting from a head injury. Treatment with antiepileptic drugs resulted in complete recovery. This case illustrates that epilepsy should be considered in the differential diagnosis in elderly patients with an isolated memory disorder. The diagnosis is made by clinical methods and may be confirmed by electroencephalography.
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PMID:[Reversible memory disorders in an older patient caused by epilepsy]. 1074 49

This study reports a novel presenilin 1 (PS1) gene mutation in a Japanese family with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Two patients developed progressive memory disorder with disorientation around 50 years of age and showed myoclonus with frequent tonic-clonic seizures several years later. Direct sequencing of the proband's PS1 gene revealed a novel mis-sense mutation (leucine-to-valine at residue 250 (L250V)). This mutation was found in both patients, but not in a normal family member or normal Japanese control subjects. Thus, L250V is a novel PS1 gene mutation responsible for familial AD (FAD) in Japan.
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PMID:A novel mutation (L250V) in the presenilin 1 gene in a Japanese familial Alzheimer's disease with myoclonus and generalized convulsion. 1268 6

Disease processes or events that accompany acute alcohol withdrawal (AW) can cause significant illness and death. Some patients experience seizures, which may increase in severity with subsequent AW episodes. Another potential AW complication is delirium tremens, characterized by hallucinations, mental confusion, and disorientation. Cognitive impairment and delirium may lead to a chronic memory disorder (i.e., Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome). Psychiatric problems associated with withdrawal include anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance. In addition, alterations in physiology, mood, and behavior may persist after acute withdrawal has subsided, motivating relapse to heavy drinking. Recent advances in neurobiology may support the development of improved medications to decrease the risk of AW complications and support long-term sobriety.
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PMID:Complications of alcohol withdrawal: pathophysiological insights. 1570 35

One memory disorder that is potentially treatable with antiepileptic drugs is transient epileptic amnesia (TEA). Working diagnostic consensus criteria for TEA include: (1) a history of recurrent witnessed episodes of transient amnesia; (2) confirmation by a reliable witness that cognitive functions other than memory are intact during typical episodes; and (3) evidence for a diagnosis of epilepsy. We describe a case with both complex partial seizures and episodes of TEA. This is the first reported case of a neurosurgical intervention for symptoms resembling those described in refractory TEA. Video/EEG, 3-T MRI, neuropathology, and neurological as well as neuropsychological findings are presented with postsurgical clinical outcome. The patient underwent right anterior amygdalohippocampectomy for symptoms resembling refractory TEA with additional complex partial seizures at our epilepsy surgical center. She remained seizure free at the 15-month follow-up, and memory complaints remitted. This case report illustrates one memory disorder, transient epileptic amnesia, that is potentially treatable with antiepileptic drugs or surgery.
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PMID:Transient epileptic amnesia: a neurosurgical case report. 2145 32

Limbic encephalitis is a condition characterised by an acute or sub-acute onset of memory disorder, associated with seizures and psychiatric manifestations. Investigations such as brain MRI usually reveal a high intensity signal in the medial temporal lobe and cerebrospinal fluid analysis shows mild pleocytosis and oligoclonal bands. It may occur in association with cancer, infection, or as an isolated clinical condition, often accompanying autoimmune disorders. Immune-mediated limbic encephalitis is now subclassified according to the presence and type of autoantibodies, which has significant consequences regarding the effectiveness of treatment and prognosis. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that catalyses glutamic acid into gamma aminobutyric acid. Anti-GAD antibodies are associated with different neurological and non-neurological disorders, but only a few cases of limbic encephalitis associated with anti-GAD antibodies have been reported in the literature, most of them non-paraneoplastic. Here, we report the case of a young female patient with a medical history of psoriasis who developed an acute onset and chronic evolution of anterograde amnesia, associated with drug-resistant epilepsy. Brain MRI showed hyperintensity in the medial temporal lobes and the biochemical studies revealed intrathecal synthesis of anti-GAD antibodies. Screening tests for tumours were negative. Despite antiepileptic drugs, intravenous immunoglobulins and immunosuppressive treatment, the patient did not show clinical improvement and one year later, she continues to present refractory temporal epilepsy and cognitive deficits.
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PMID:Acute amnesia and seizures in a young female. 2416 8

A 19-year-old man with cortical dysplasia and intractable focal seizures underwent a right temporal lobectomy. A hypothalamic hamartoma was subsequently recognized, and he then underwent MRI-guided stereotactic laser ablation. Unfortunately, he sustained damage to the bilateral medial mammillary bodies and suffered significant memory loss. We review laser ablation therapy for hypothalamic hamartomas and the anatomy of the memory network. We postulate that his persistent memory disorder resulted from a combination of the right temporal lobectomy and injury to the bilateral medial mammillary bodies.
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PMID:Disabling amnestic syndrome following stereotactic laser ablation of a hypothalamic hamartoma in a patient with a prior temporal lobectomy. 2628 58


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