Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven Chinese patients (5 males and 2 females) with vaccination-induced acute metabolic crisis were reported. Only one male with 21-hydroxylase deficiency had been diagnosed before vaccination. In the remaining six patients, the preexisting diagnoses were not confirmed before the vaccination. Acute metabolic crisis occurred in seven patients between 3 and 12 hours after the administration of Japanese encephalitis, diphtheria, and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, or measles vaccines. Patients 1 and 2 displayed acute adrenal insufficiencies at the ages of 5 years and 3 months, respectively. Patient 3 had presented with mild motor retardation previously. Patients 4 to 7 were previously healthy, but suffered from fever, seizures, coma, acidosis, and hypoglycemia after being vaccinated. Glutaric aciduria type 1 was evident in case 4. Leigh syndromes were present in Patients 5, 6, and 7. They all died from respiratory failure before 2 years of age. Symmetric foci, cystic cavitations with neuronal loss, and vascular proliferation were observed by postmortem examination. Among the seven patients, although the vaccines were not the primary cause of the acute metabolic crisis, the severe acute episodes occurred coincidentally.
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PMID:Acute metabolic crisis induced by vaccination in seven Chinese patients. 1687 7

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) can show variations in its clinical course. Typical initial symptoms consist of intellectual decline, deterioration in school performance, and myoclonic jerks. Atypical forms of presentation such as generalized seizures and acute or subacute coma can be observed rarely. This report describes a 5-year-old boy with an atypical feature of SSPE, generalized seizures. For 1 month his only symptom was seizures, followed by personality and behavioral changes and myoclonic jerks. A diagnosis of SSPE was made based on the boy's history of measles, characteristic electroencephalogram changes and compatible magnetic resonance, and elevated anti-measles antibody titers in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum. The case presented in this article is a good example of SSPE in which, at early stages, some of the signs and symptoms can lead to an erroneous diagnosis.
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PMID:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with generalized seizure as a first symptom: a case report. 1706 Jun 98

The efficacy, the ability to confer protection against a target disease and the safety of a vaccine are assessed in great detail before licensure. However, inherent limitations in the prelicensure assessment necessitate continued epidemiological evaluations of efficacy and safety issues after the introduction of vaccines into use. In Denmark, the opportunities available for epidemiological research are unique. In 2001, an initiative was undertaken to take advantage of these opportunities to study the postlicensure epidemiology of childhood vaccination with respect to effectiveness and safety. First, we describe the unique opportunities for postlicensure research in Denmark with respect to the data sources available and the epidemiological and statistical methods used. We then describe a number of recent postlicensure studies of effectiveness and safety that took advantage of these opportunities. Specifically, studies on the effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination, the effectiveness of pertussis vaccination, the impact of a preschool pertussis booster on infant pertussis, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autism, thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism, measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and febrile seizures, childhood vaccination and Type 1 diabetes, and childhood vaccination and nontargeted infectious disease are discussed.
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PMID:Postlicensure epidemiology of childhood vaccination: the Danish experience. 1718 38

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive disease caused by wild-type measles virus leading to premature death. Early diagnosis may help in medical interventions and counseling. The aim of this study was to ascertain diagnostic errors and their possible causes. Retrospective case record analysis of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, evaluated over a 10-year period, was performed. The following data were analyzed: initial symptoms and diagnosis, interval between onset of symptoms to diagnosis, and implications of delayed diagnosis. Among the 307 patients evaluated, initial diagnosis by various health care professionals was other than subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in 242 patients (78.8%). These included seizures, absence seizures, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Schilder's disease, cerebral palsy, hemiparkinsonism, Wilson's disease, vasculitis, spinocerebellar ataxia, motor neuron disease, nutritional amblyopia, tapetoretinal degeneration, catatonic schizophrenia, and malingering, among others. The interval between precise diagnosis and first reported symptom was 6.2 +/- 11.3 months (range, 0.2-96 months; median, 3 months). Forty-four patients (14.3%) who had symptoms for more than 1 year before the precise diagnosis had a protracted course as compared to the rest of the cohort ( P = .0001). Early and accurate diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis needs a high index of suspicion.
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PMID:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE): an insight into the diagnostic errors from a tertiary care university hospital. 1764 Dec 52

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive, fatal disease of the central nervous system caused by a persistent measles virus. It is clinically characterized by insidious onset of intellectual deterioration and behavioral changes followed by myoclonias and eventually complete neurologic deterioration. The diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical features, periodic electroencephalography (EEG) complexes of high slow waves and increased antibody titer against measles in cerebrospinal fluid. Here, we report four SSPE cases, two of whom manifested with hemiparesis; in the third and fourth cases, cerebellar ataxia and acute encephalopathy with focal seizures were the presenting symptoms at the onset of disease, respectively. The typical periodic EEG complexes in our patients led to the diagnosis of SSPE. Our findings show that SSPE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemiparesis, cerebellar ataxia and acute encephalopathy, and highlight the diagnostic significance of EEG in unidentified cases.
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PMID:Atypical presentations of SSPE: a clinical study in four cases. 1799 May 84

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system with both poor prognosis and high mortality. The disease has been related to a persistent and aberrant measles virus infection and no effective treatment has been available. We report a case of SSPE with atypical features including seizures at onset and a fulminant course in a 8 years-old boy who had been previously immunized against measles.
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PMID:Atypical subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: case report. 1809 71

Intracerebral injection of hamster neurotropic (HNT) measles virus in weanling Balb/C mice leads to an encephalitis, which is characterized by glial activation, behavioral seizures, selective neurodegeneration, and, after approximately 7 days, death. To provide a better understanding of the underlying molecular pathology, we studied seizure evolution by continuously monitoring electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, examined neuroglia and neurons histologically, and measured the brain content of glia-derived neuroactive metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation. Microglia and astrocytes were activated as early as postinoculation day (PID) 1, with reactive microglia lining the extent of the alveus. This was followed by a more extensive microglial activation that specifically outlined hippocampal pyramidal neurons in areas CA1-CA3 and by increases in the hippocampal levels of the neurotoxins 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and quinolinic acid (QUIN). These changes preceded the onset of EEG seizures, which had a mean onset of 108 h after inoculation. Prominent hippocampal cell loss, demonstrated by Nissl- and silver staining, was apparent by PID 5. Thus, we speculate that early glial reactions to HNT inoculation result in the excess formation of 3-HK and QUIN, which in turn causes subclinical seizure activity, behavioral seizures, and, eventually, neurodegeneration. In addition to its conceptual implications, our study indicates that timely interventions modulating glial activation or 3-HK/QUIN synthesis may be of benefit in preventing or arresting seizure-induced neuronal damage.
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PMID:Glial activation precedes seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration in measles virus-infected mice. 1822 68

On February 27, 2008, new information was presented to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the risk for febrile seizures among children aged 12-23 months after administration of the combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine (ProQuad, Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey). This report summarizes current knowledge regarding the risk for febrile seizures after MMRV vaccination and presents updated ACIP recommendations that were issued after presentation of the new information. These updated recommendations remove ACIP's previous preference for administering combination MMRV vaccine over separate injections of equivalent component vaccines (i.e., measles, mumps, and rubella [MMR] vaccine and varicella vaccine).
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PMID:Update: recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding administration of combination MMRV vaccine. 1834 Mar 32

Viral encephalitis presents with seizures not only in the acute stage but also increases the risk of late unprovoked seizures and epilepsy. Acute symptomatic and late unprovoked seizures in different viral encephalitides are reviewed here. Among the sporadic viral encephalitides, Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is perhaps most frequently associated with epilepsy, which may often be severe. Seizures may be the presenting feature in 50% patients with HSE because of involvement of the highly epileptogenic frontotemporal cortex. The occurrence of seizures in HSE is associated with poor prognosis. In addition, chronic and relapsing forms of HSE have been described and these may be associated with antiepileptic drug-resistant seizures. Among the epidemic (usually due to flaviviruses) viral encephalitides, Japanese encephalitis (JE) is most common and is associated with acute symptomatic seizures, especially in children. The reported frequency of acute symptomatic seizures in JE is 7-46%. Encephalitis due to other flaviviruses such as equine, St. Louis, and West Nile viruses may also manifest with acute symptomatic seizures. In Nipah virus encephalitis, seizures are more common in relapsed and late-onset encephalitis in comparison to acute encephalitis (4% vs. 1.8%). Other viruses like measles, varicella, mumps, influenza, and entero-viruses may cause seizures depending on the area of brain involved. There is no comprehensive data regarding late unprovoked seizures in different viral encephalitides. Prospective studies are required to document the risk of late unprovoked seizures and epilepsy following viral encephalitis due to different viruses as well as to determine the clinical characteristics, course, and outcome of post-encephalitic epilepsy.
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PMID:Viral encephalitis and epilepsy. 1875 56

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a subacute encephalopathy of childhood and young adolescence. Infrequently, SSPE can occur in adults and pregnant women. It is caused by an aberrant measles virus, known as the SSPE virus. SSPE virus differs from wild-type measles viruses in the form of several mutations affecting the viral genome. The matrix gene is most commonly affected by these mutations. The characteristic clinical manifestations of SSPE include behavioral changes, cognitive decline, myoclonic jerks, seizures, abnormalities in vision, bilateral pyramidal signs and coma. Ocular changes may occur in up to 50% of patients. The most characteristic ophthalmological lesion is necrotizing retinitis. Cortical blindness can be the early feature of SSPE. The diagnosis of SSPE is often difficult in the early stages. In a typical case diagnosis is based on clinical, electroencephalographic, and cerebrospinal fluid findings. At present, there is no effective treatment to completely cure SSPE. Oral isoprinosine and intrathecal or intraventricular alpha-interferon may prolong survival to some extent. Immunization against measles is currently the most effective strategy against SSPE.
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PMID:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. 1884 16


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