Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the prospective study, seroconversion and duration of immunity were examined by studying children on the longterm anticonvulsant treatment 5 years after application of monovaccine against the Edmonston-Zagreb measles. The patient group was composed of 35 children with epilepsy and the control group consisted of 65 children without epilepsy. Average age was 7.5 years for both groups. The examinees were mainly treated with monotherapy, most usually with phenobarbitone, carbamazepine and valproate. Good control of seizures was achieved in all children. Seroconversion was tested 6 weeks following vaccination in all examined children. The levels of titres of hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies did not differ significantly between examined children and controls (chi 2 = 2.588 p > 0.05). Nor did the correlation exist between the length of antiepileptic drug administration and the level of antibody titres (chi 2 = 0.75 p < 0.05). Five years after the vaccination, the level of titres of HI antibodies in epileptic patients and controls showed no statistically significant difference (chi 2 = 2.42 p < 0.05). There was also no correlation between the duration of receiving anticonvulsants and duration of immunity (chi 2 = 0.25 p < 0.05). The children with good control of seizures can be revaccinated, as well as the healthy children, 5 years after the primary vaccination.
 ...
PMID:[Post-vaccination measles immunity in children on long-term anticonvulsant therapy]. 805 41

A case of immunosuppressive measles (rubeola) encephalitis in a 12-year-old boy in remission from acute lymphoblastic leukemia is described. The patient presented with focal seizures which led to epilepsia partialis continua and then progressive obtundation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed focal abnormalities, predominantly in the cortex, that on light and electron microscopic examination were demonstrated to be highly localized areas of neuronal loss, gliosis, and secondary Wallerian degeneration with paramyxovirus inclusions in the oligodendrocytes and surviving neurons.
 ...
PMID:Immunosuppressive measles encephalitis. 806 61

Two young patients with subacute measles encephalitis are described: a 20-year-old male hemophiliac infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and a 4-year-old girl with acute leukemia. Both patients were afebrile and had persistent focal seizures and slurred speech beginning 2 and 7 months, respectively, after the onset of uncomplicated acute measles. The diagnosis of subacute measles encephalitis was established by demonstration of paramyxovirus nucleocapsid on electron microscopy of brain tissue in one case and by detection of measles virus genome with the polymerase chain reaction in both. Treatment of the HIV-infected man with intravenous ribavirin was begun when the patient lost consciousness after several weeks of seizures; he died. The girl with leukemia was treated early after the onset of symptoms and recovered after a 15-week course. Review of 31 previously published cases revealed a typical clinical presentation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, electroencephalography, measurement of measles antibody in serum and CSF, and computed tomography of the brain were not helpful in the diagnosis of subacute measles encephalitis. In contrast, histologic examination of brain tissue proved useful in establishing the diagnosis. On the basis of our experience and our literature review, we conclude that histologic and polymerase chain reaction studies of brain tissue are required for the early diagnosis of subacute measles encephalitis and that therapy with intravenous ribavirin is effective when administered early.
 ...
PMID:Subacute measles encephalitis in the young immunocompromised host: report of two cases diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction and treated with ribavirin and review of the literature. 832 78

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) had largely disappeared from the United States because of nearly universal measles vaccination, but it has reemerged in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Two children with SSPE are described. The first was HIV positive and presented with seizures and encephalopathy at the age of 21 months. The second developed myoclonus and dementia at age 4 years; she was not infected with HIV, but her mother had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were nonspecific and could have been compatible with HIV encephalopathy. Electroencephalography was characteristic of SSPE, showing high-voltage, periodic slow-wave complexes and background slowing. The diagnosis of SSPE was confirmed by brain biopsy or high measles antibody titers in the cerebrospinal fluid.
 ...
PMID:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: role of electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging. 863 87

A total of 21 patients with postmeasles and 26 patients with postvaricella C.N.S. complications were studied. In both groups, males were predominant than females. The C.N.S. manifestations included disturbed level of consciousness, coma, seizures, motor deficits, ataxia and myoclonus. The sequelae were more frequent in postmeasles cases and ranged from behavioral abnormalities to motor deficits. C.S.F. examination showed that most of the cases demonstrated increase in the protein content (45-100mg) and pleocytosis. Myelin protein was detected in 8 samples and 6 samples of postmeasles and varicella C.S.F. out of 12 samples in Tested in each group. Specific virus IgG antibody was detected significantly in 8 paired C.S.F. samples of postvaricella group and only one sample of postmeasles out of 12 paired samples tested in each group. C-T. scan examination revealed that the most common finding was the brain oedema (13 in measles, and 21 in varicella group).
 ...
PMID:The immunological aspects of acute C.N.S. complications of the exanthematous viral diseases. 872 Dec 38

This study involved 505 patients with the EEG pattern of hypsarrhythmia (H) and clinical attacks of infantile spasms (IS) studied over a 51 year period from 1945 until 1996. The total number of EEGs was 1300 and changes in the EEG and type of clinical seizure were followed for up to 43 yrs in a given patient. Although H and IS usually occur together in a given patient, 15% showed a disparity between the electrographic and clinical pattern, usually within a 6-12 mo period. The duration of H was usually < 1 mo but lasted as long as 7 yrs. The duration was dependent in part on the onset age and a very early onset of < 2 mo was associated with a short-lasting H and generally a good prognosis, as was an onset of 8-12 mo. Slightly more than half of these patients had an onset age of > 1 yr, likely in part related to a relatively large number studied before the introduction of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. The next pattern after H was usually around 3 yrs of age, often focal discharges on the occipital or temporal areas or bilateral spike and wave complexes. The major changes in the EEG over time were the progressive increase in bilateral spike and wave complexes and temporal lobe discharges, in addition to an increase in other focal discharges at 6-9 yrs of age. Slow waves on the temporal areas and diffuse slowing became prominent in adulthood. The types of clinical attacks that became prominent in adulthood were generalized tonic-clonic and complex partial seizures. Other types of seizures most often occurred between the late teens and early 20's with absence attacks seen especially at 8-10 yrs of age.
 ...
PMID:Long term changes in patients with hypsarrhythmia-infantile spasms: 505 patients, up to 43 years follow-up. 901 45

In addition to the rash, fever, and upper respiratory tract congestion that are the hallmarks of acute measles virus (MV) infection, invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) can occur, establishing a persistent infection primarily in neurons. The recent identification of the human membrane glycoprotein, CD46, as the MV receptor allowed for the establishment of transgenic mice in which the CD46 gene was transcriptionally regulated by a neuron-specific promoter. Expression of the measles receptor rendered primary CD46-positive neurons permissive to infection with MV-Edmonston. Notably, viral transmission within these cultures occurred in the absence of extracellular virus, presumably via neuronal processes. No infection was seen in nontransgenic mice inoculated intracerebrally with MV-Edmonston. In contrast, scattered neurons were infected following inoculation of transgenic adults, and an impressive widespread neuronal infection was established in transgenic neonates. The neonatal infection resulted in severe CNS disease by 3-4 weeks after infection. Illness was characterized initially by awkward gait and a lack of mobility, and in later stages seizures leading to death. These results show that expression of the MV receptor on specific murine cells (neurons) in vivo is absolutely essential to confer both susceptibility to infection and neurologic disease by this human virus. The disparity in clinical findings between neonatal and adult transgenic mice indicates that differences exist between the developing and mature CNS with respect to MV infection and pathogenesis.
 ...
PMID:A transgenic mouse model for measles virus infection of the brain. 911 47

An 8 year old girl presented with progressive change of personality and spastic ataxia since 4 weeks. A year before she had developed focal grand-mal-seizures; at this time laboratory and radiologic findings were normal. The EEG on admission demonstrated marked changes with partially focal, partially generalized hypersynchronic activity, but no SSPE-typical Radermecker-complexes. There were no cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a slightly increased level of protein and a normal glucose. Isoelectric focusing showed predominantly measles-specific oligoclonal IgG bands in the CSF. In the magnetic resonance tomography multiple focal white matter lesions in the basal ganglia as well as in cortical and occipitoparietal regions could be seen. At the age of two the girl had suffered from measles, the child didn't receive any vaccination. The combination of history, CSF-, MRI-results and EEG lead to the diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). After 3 months the clinical and radiological abnormalities had markedly increased. On the background of this history SSPE should be considered as differential diagnosis in patients with changes of personality.
 ...
PMID:[Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) as differential diagnosis in severe personality changes and ataxia--case report and literature review]. 924 17

The spread of measles virus into the brain was studied exploiting the olfactory pathway, which represents an important route of neuroinvasion by viruses. The virus was injected into the main olfactory bulb of wild-type mice and mice with disrupted TAP1 gene (TAP refers to the Transporter associated with Antigen Presentation), which codes for products essential for the cell-mediated immune response. Virus invasion was monitored for 4 weeks by immunohistochemistry. The distribution of measles virus was found to be restricted to brain areas connected with the olfactory bulbs. However, in the wild-type mice there was a marked infiltration of lymphocytes in the infected brain structures, and the virus did not pass beyond the piriform cortex. In the TAP1 -/- mice the virus spread more extensively along olfactory projections into the limbic system and monoaminergic brainstem neurons. Infected mice of both types developed seizures, which may have been focally evoked from the piriform cortex. This study provides evidence that measles virus can spread through axonal pathways in the brain. The findings obtained in the gene-manipulated mice point out that a compromised immune state of the host may potentiate targeting of virus to the limbic system through olfactory projections.
 ...
PMID:Spread of measles virus through axonal pathways into limbic structures in the brain of TAP1 -/- mice. 926 Jun 81

Subacute measles encephalitis occurred 1 month after measles onset in a 26-year-old HIV-negative man undergoing immunosuppressive treatment for ankylosing spondylitis. He had seizures, a decline in mental status, and progressive impairment of consciousness, with a fatal outcome. Despite severely deficient cellular immunity, the elevated antimeasles antibody titers and CSF findings indicated that humoral immunity was not impaired. Histologic, electron microscopic, and immunocytochemical studies revealed the typical intranuclear inclusions of paramyxovirus nucleocapsids, and measles virus antigen in neurons and oligodendrocytes.
 ...
PMID:Subacute measles encephalitis in a young man immunosuppressed for ankylosing spondylitis. 1010 34


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>