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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report a retrospective study of 11 cases of malignant hyperthermia. The mean age of the patients was 5 months and 3 weeks. Clinical features included severe hyperthermia (greater than 41 degrees C), seizures, coma, collapse, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure and functional renal failure. Three infants died. Four patients presented neurological damages. Four recovered fully. The authors discuss the difficulties of diagnosis, the nosological position and the pathophysiology of this syndrome.
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PMID:[Severe hyperthermia syndrome in the infant. Apropos of 11 cases]. 367 Oct 30

One hundred and nine cases of monointoxication with doxylamine were evaluated with respect to age distribution, amount ingested, plasma level, and clinical symptomatology. The age of 60% of the patients ranged between 16 and 30 years. In about 60% of the cases 10 to 40 times a single therapeutic dose (25 mg) was ingested. Doxylamine plasma concentrations exceeded the maximum plasma level after a therapeutic dose by a factor of 10 to 40 in two-thirds of cases. The most frequent symptoms included impaired consciousness, seizures, tachycardia, mydriasis and a 'psychosis' similar to that in catatonic stupor. A serious complication may be rhabdomyolysis with subsequent impairment of renal function and acute renal failure. No symptoms were observed in 39% of the patients. No correlation was found between the amount ingested or doxylamine plasma level and the clinical symptomatology. Primary detoxication included gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal and sodium sulfate. Regarding the high frequency of doxylamine overdose and its possible complications the question arises as to whether doxylamine-containing preparations should be subjected to prescription.
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PMID:Poisoning with over-the-counter doxylamine preparations: an evaluation of 109 cases. 367 42

The authors review four "second generation" antidepressants (maprotiline, amoxapine, trazodone, and nomifensine) in terms of action on biogenic amines and receptors, antidepressive efficacy, and adverse effects. Doxepin is used as a comparative agent and is similar to the prototypical tricyclic agents in all the above categories. Maprotiline is a selective noradrenergic agent, but shares a similar adverse effect profile with doxepin and may be associated with a high frequency of seizures in overdose. Amoxapine is a mixed action antidepressant with significant neuroleptic activity in vivo. Its adverse effect profile is highlighted by symptoms related to its neuroleptic activity, and seizures and acute renal failure in overdose. Trazodone is a selective serotonergic agent with low anticholinergic activity, and minimal morbidity/mortality in overdose. Reports of priapism, leading to impotence in some men, however, is of concern. Nomifensine is a potent noradrenergic and dopaminergic agent with low anticholinergic activity, and minimum cardiotoxicity and low morbidity/mortality in overdose. Its most important adverse effects include overstimulation and infrequent, usually reversible, immunologic hypersensitivity reactions. Trazodone and nomifensine have favorable profiles for use in the elderly. Trazodone may be more favorable in the anxious/agitated patient due to its sedative effects, whereas nomifensine may be more beneficial in the retarded, apathetic patient.
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PMID:Second generation antidepressants: a comparative review. 389 97

A 26-year-old woman ingested approximately 9 g of theophylline (Theodur). She exhibited agitation, generalized seizures, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, and diuresis. Later in her hospital course rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and acute renal failure occurred. Hemodialysis was performed to correct electrolyte imbalance. She subsequently died of intractable shock and hyperkalemia. This case illustrates the metabolic abnormalities which may occur with severe theophylline intoxication.
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PMID:Fatal overdose from a sustained-release theophylline preparation. 397 Apr 1

Amniotic fluid embolism is a catastrophic event of the intra- and early postpartum period which may also be seen with cesarean delivery and during abortions. Presenting symptomatology includes respiratory distress with cyanosis, shock, and possibly tonic-clonic seizures. DIC frequently occurs. The pathogenesis may include entry of amniotic fluid through lacerations or ruptures of the uterus or cervix, through endocervical veins and through abnormal uteroplacental sites, such as with placental abruption, placenta previa, or placenta accreta. Amniotic fluid probably causes cardiovascular-respiratory symptoms by pulmonary vascular obstruction and through a vasoactive substance causing pulmonary vascular constriction. The lethality of amniotic fluid may be enhanced by a high particulate content or meconium staining. The diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism may be made ante mortem by demonstrating amniotic fluid debris in central blood samples or expectorated sputum. Postmortem diagnosis often requires meticulous examination of the pulmonary microvasculature with the utilization of special stains. Treatment is directed towards symptoms of shock, arterial hypoxemia, and DIC. Acute renal failure may complicate the picture after shock. If the patient survives the embolic and coagulative problems, recovery is usually complete without long-term sequelae.
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PMID:Amniotic fluid embolism. Three case reports with a review of the literature. 402 76

Thirty four consecutive neonates with birth asphyxia or respiratory problems were examined in the first week of life to clarify the relation between neonatal myoglobinuria and acute renal failure. Investigations included determination of creatinine clearance, fractional sodium excretion, and N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase index as an indicator of tubular injury. The infants' gestational ages ranged from 29 to 41 weeks (mean 36 weeks). Fifteen infants did not have myoglobinuria on the first day of life (group A); myoglobinuria was mild in eight infants (group B) and severe in eleven (group C). Two infants in group B and seven in group C developed acute renal failure (47%). Ten infants in group C (91%) had severe asphyxia, five of whom (45%) also suffered neonatal seizures and intracranial haemorrhage. We suggest that myoglobin derived from muscle breakdown in asphyxiated infants may lead to acute renal failure secondary to a reduction in renal blood flow, or to tubular damage.
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PMID:Effects of perinatal asphyxia and myoglobinuria on development of acute, neonatal renal failure. 406 43

Six episodes of acute rhabdomyolysis were observed within a two-year period in 5 male adult alcoholic patients hospitalised in a hepatology intensive care unit. Painful muscle swelling was discrete of absent in 4 of the 5 patients. Acute rhabdomyolysis was preceded by grand mal seizures in 4 patients, delirium tremens in 1 and high fever with shivers in 3. All cases were rapidly diagnosed on the finding of very high serum creatinine phosphokinase levels. One patient developed acute respiratory failure and recovered after prolonged mechanical ventilation. Three patients had acute renal failure with severe hyperkalemia in one but none required dialysis. Three patients died within 2 to 6 days of the diagnosis, but the deaths were not directly related to rhabdomyolysis. It would appear that in alcoholic patients: the prevalence of rhabdomyolysis is probably underestimated; any muscular hyperactivity as seen in seizures, delirium tremens and prolonged shivers may be a precipitating factor; the condition is easily diagnosed by measuring serum creatinine kinase activity; some cases of acute renal failure in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis might be explained by acute rhabdomyolysis with minimal symptoms.
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PMID:[Acute rhabdomyolysis in alcoholic patients]. 622 27

The most important complications of intravascular administration of contrast agents include idiosyncratic (anaphylactoid) reactions, shock, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, acute renal failure, and neurotoxic effects. The incidence of serious neurotoxic effects is low. Entry of contrast agents into the central nervous system normally is limited but may be increased by osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier with cerebral arteriography or arch aortography. Most neurotoxic effects are thought to represent direct effects of the contrast agent on brain or spinal cord. Adverse effects with arteriography include seizures, transient cortical blindness, brain edema, and spinal cord injury. Most cases of focal brain deficit (other than cortical blindness) are attributed to embolism secondary to the catheter. Seizures may occur with intravenous administration, especially in patients with brain tumors or other processes disrupting the blood-brain barrier. The most important adverse effects observed with myelographic agents include acute and chronic meningeal reactions with iophendylate, and seizures and transient encephalopathy with metrizamide.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity of radiological contrast agents. 634 33

Strychnine toxicosis is characterized by inducible tetanic seizures and metaldehyde poisoning by fine fasciculations progressing to generalized tremors and seizures. Intoxication with 1080 causes seizures, random running movements, vomiting, defecation, urination, acidosis and hyperglycemia. Intoxication with rodenticides causing coagulopathy is characterized by hemorrhage into body cavities but not necessarily external hemorrhage. Anticholinesterase insecticides cause salivation, urination and defecation, while chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides cause CNS disturbances. Ethylene glycol intoxication results in ataxia, depression, coma, vomiting and tachypnea, followed by acute renal failure. Urea poisoning causes bloat and CNS signs in cattle. Monensin intoxication in horses lasts several days and causes stiffness, colic, uneasiness and recumbency. Salt poisoning results in depression, seizures and hypernatremia. Lead poisoning is associated with central and peripheral nervous system signs, as well as increased numbers of nucleated RBC and basophilic stippling of RBC. Arsenic poisoning results in GI pain, diarrhea, weakness and death. Copper toxicosis in sheep is manifested by hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Plants that may intoxicate domestic animals include sorghum, greasewood, halogeton, water hemlock, Japanese yew, larkspur, lupine, milk-weed, philodendron, oleander, castor bean and precatory bean.
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PMID:Practical toxicologic diagnosis. 649 3

A case of chlorambucil overdose is presented. The clinical manifestations were acute renal failure and seizures. We are not aware of this combination of clinical features being previously reported with chlorambucil overdose.
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PMID:Acute renal failure and seizures associated with chlorambucil overdose. 665 76


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