Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Up to 12% of epileptic patients have subnormal IgA serum concentrations. Previous observations suggest that IgA deficiency is correlated with hydantoin treatment and also with the type of seizure. In a followup study it is shown that IgA deficiency in epileptics is a rather constant feature of a given patient. The most pronounced changes in IgA levels were seen in patients in whom the hydantoin medication also changed. However, low IgA levels have also been reported in untreated epileptics. A new classification for the immunodeficiency state in epileptics is introduced.
 ...
PMID:Immunodeficiency in epilepsy: a new view. 9 Jan 39

A 13-month-old girl presented with right upper lobe pneumonia and hypocalcaemic seizures: investigations showed hypoparathyroidism and impaired cell-mediated immune responses. Other features of the DiGeorge syndrome included hypertelorism, short philtrum of the lip, right-sided aortic arch, and aberrant origin of the left subclavian artery. Successful restoration of the immunodeficiency was achieved by transplantation of fetal thymic epithelium.
 ...
PMID:Successful restoration of immunity in the DiGeorge syndrome with fetal thymic epithelial transplant. 68 95

A prospective study of 98 consecutive adults with a first seizure to determine the most important etiological factors and the optimum diagnostics. 27 were thought to have cryptogenic seizures. Main causes of symptomatic seizures were: cerebral infarction, alcohol-withdrawal, CNS infections, tumors, vascular malformations, traumatism and miscellanea. Eight were infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) representing 8.2% of all the patients with a first seizure and 20% of the 15-45-year age group. CT disclosed structural lesions in 33 cases. MRI in those with normal CT and no other explanation of seizure revealed additional lesions in 22.2%, but did not change management in any. We conclude that CT is essential in evaluation of adults with first seizure. MRI may be useful in selected cases. The HIV-infected now represent an important group with a first seizure.
 ...
PMID:First seizure in adults: a prospective study from the emergency department. 141 22

We described an 18 old homosexual man who after 5 days developed a neurologic picture associated with Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) seroconversion. The patient had developed a dissociative psychiatric disorder 6 months before, and after resolution of the acute neurologic disease a mild neuro-psychiatric disorder remained. After mononucleosis-like syndrome of three weeks, the patient developed a meningo-encephalitic process 48 h post admission. He evolved with tonic seizures and twilight state and was admitted into Intensive Care Unit because of epileptic status and deep coma. Evolution was favourable after 72 h of treatment with acyclovir and antiepileptic drugs. Laboratory data showed an inverted T4/T8 ratio and seroconversion to HIV-antibodies and p24-antigen both in serum and CSF. These observations confirm the existence of psychiatric as well neurological alterations in acute HIV infection, and also the significance of p24-antigen and Western-Blot in serum and CSF in showing the seroconversion profile.
 ...
PMID:[Previous dissociative psychiatric disorder and status epilepticus in a case of acute HIV infection]. 150 7

Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is common in patients with advanced disease due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Symptoms range from lethargy and apathy to coma, incoordination and ataxia to hemiparesis, loss of memory to severe dementia, and focal to major motor seizures. Involvement may be closely associated with HIV infection per se, as in the AIDS dementia complex, but is frequently caused by opportunistic pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptococcus neoformans or malignancies such as primary lymphoma of the CNS. The clinical presentations of attendant and direct CNS involvement are remarkably non-specific and overlapping, yet a correct diagnosis is critical to successful intervention. Toxoplasmic encephalitis is one of the most common and most treatable causes of AIDS-associated pathology of the CNS. A great deal has been learned in the last 10 years about its unique presentation in the HIV-infected patient with advanced disease. Drs. Benjamin J. Luft of the State University of New York at Stony Brook and Jack S. Remington of the Stanford University School of Medicine and Palo Alto Medical Foundation's Research Institute have studied T. gondii for many years and are two of the leading experts in the field. This commentary comprises an update of their initial review (J Infect Dis 1988;157:1-6) and a presentation of the current approaches to diagnosing and managing toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected patients.
 ...
PMID:Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS. 152 Jul 57

The case histories of two women who developed new-onset seizures in the peripartum period of their pregnancies are presented. These two women had divergent medical histories and prenatal courses. Both women developed grand mal seizures that could be attributed to several established etiologies, yet no specific diagnoses were made. Although their risk factors for developing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were quite different, both women subsequently were confirmed as HIV positive. Since new-onset seizures have been described as a presenting symptom of HIV infection in other studies, the seizures experienced by these two women could be the presenting symptom of their HIV infection. The authors suggest that HIV testing should be considered for any pregnant woman who develops new-onset seizures during the course of her pregnancy, regardless of her risk factor assessment for HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:Development of new-onset seizures in the peripartum period. Should human immunodeficiency virus infection be considered a cause? 156 84

We describe two human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with syphilitic cerebral gummas. Both patients presented with a seizure disorder associated with an isolated, peripherally located, contrast-enhancing lesion of the brain on CT. Cranial MRI performed on one patient revealed dural thickening in the region of the lesion. A brain biopsy in that patient revealed a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with extensive perivascular inflammation. Clinical manifestations, radiographic resolution of the lesions, and a decline in nontreponemal serologic tests for syphilis followed high-dose aqueous penicillin therapy in both patients. These patients illustrate that (1) cerebral mass lesions occurring with HIV infection may result from syphilis; (2) seizures may be the presenting manifestation of this form of neurosyphilis; and (3) high-dose, intravenous, aqueous penicillin is effective in treating these lesions.
 ...
PMID:Syphilitic cerebral gumma with HIV infection. 162 Mar 34

Fifty-two patients at various stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who had one or several epileptic seizures in the course of that disease were retrospectively studied from 1985 to 1990. Thirty-five percent of these patients were in overt clinical AIDS at the time of the seizure(s). AIDS was revealed by a seizure in 2 cases. Generalized seizures were observed in 71 percent of the patients, and partial seizures in 29 percent. Electroencephalograms showed signs of brain irritation in only 19 percent of the cases. The cause of epileptic seizure(s) could be determined in 36 patients: cerebral toxoplasmosis in 23 cases; progressive multifocal leucoencephalitis in 2 cases; HIV encephalopathy in 3 cases; iatrogenic cause in 4 cases; meningoencephalitis in 3 cases and neurosyphilis in 1 case. No cause other than HIV infection was found in 16 patients. These findings confirm those of previous studies. In about one-third of AIDS patients epileptic seizures are the only clinical manifestation of viral central nervous system infection.
 ...
PMID:[Epilepsy seizures in HIV infection. 52 cases]. 183 61

A case is reported of reversible panhypogammaglobulinemia in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient. Onset and resolution were temporally correlated with initiation and termination, respectively, of diphenylhydantoin therapy for a possible seizure. A rapid alteration in peripheral T-cell subpopulations was also noted in association with diphenylhydantoin administration. This case is compared with previous reports of diphenylhydantoin-associated hypogammaglobulinemia in non-HIV-infected patients. In addition, the case is discussed with regard to possible deleterious effects associated with the use of diphenylhydantoin as therapy for HIV-associated seizures or as an antiretroviral agent in HIV disease.
 ...
PMID:Diphenylhydantoin-induced hypogammaglobulinemia in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 201 95

A retrospective evaluation was performed on 28 cases of paediatric brain abscess (male: female ratio 2.5:1; mean age 9.4 years; range 2.8-16 years) diagnosed between 1967 and 1987. In 46%, congenital cyanotic heart disease was identified as a predisposing factor, likewise sinusitis, otitis media or mastoiditis in 29% and immunodeficiency in 11%. Pathogenesis remained unclear in 14%. Initial symptoms and signs were predominantly nonspecific; loss of consciousness occurred in 32% of cases, neurological deficit and seizures each in 25%. Since the availability of CT, both diagnostic delay after hospital admission and mortality were substantially reduced: mean delay from 8.4 to 3.0 days, and mortality from 23% to 0%. Seventeen patients (61%) had follow up examinations 9.6 years (mean) after the acute illness (range 1-21 years). Neurological sequelae were diagnosed in 35% of cases, epilepsy in 29%, epileptic potentials during EEG in 12%, and CNS scars in 50%. Psychological testing revealed no statistically significant differences compared to normal populations. CNS scars, and epilepsy and/or epileptic potentials were more common after excision (7 patients) when compared to patients treated by aspiration and/or antibiotics alone (21 patients). It is concluded that excision of brain abscess should be avoided whenever possible. Therapy of choice consists of the administration of adequate antibiotics with or without CT-guided needle aspirations.
 ...
PMID:Brain abscess in childhood--long-term experiences. 202 23


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>