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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A unique illness consisting largely of quadriplegia in an 18-year-old woman with neurogenic and psychogenic seizures is described and discussed in detail. The precise nature of the illness remains obscure, although it was predominantly hysterical. The concept of hysteria is reappraised and examined in terms of the mind-brain problem of philosophy.
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PMID:Hysterical paralysis following status epilepticus: case report and review of the concept. 400 62

Complex partial seizures of medial or orbital frontal origin were documented in 10 of 90 patients with intractable epilepsy who were studied with depth electrodes. The clinical features that, in part, served to distinguish these seizures from complex partial seizures originating elsewhere included brief, frequent attacks, complex motor automatisms with kicking and thrashing, sexual automatisms, vocalization, and frequent development of complex partial status epilepticus. The constellation of clinical characteristics was often bizarre, leading to the erroneous diagnosis of hysteria. Stereotyped attack patterns helped establish the diagnosis of epilepsy. Interictal and ictal scalp electroencephalograms were often not helpful and were sometimes misleading.
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PMID:Complex partial seizures of frontal lobe origin. 407 42

Psychogenic epidemics cover various forms of collective behavior and include mass hysteria, mass psychogenic illness, and hysterical contagion for which no physical explanation can be found. The typical course of a psychogenic epidemic at a workplace progresses from sudden onset, often with dramatic symptoms, to a rapidly attained peak that draws much publicity and is followed by quick disappearance of the symptoms. Over 90% of the affected persons are women, and the symptoms range from dizziness, vomiting, nausea, and fainting to epileptic-type seizures, hyperventilation, and skin disorders. The background mechanisms are thought to be generalized beliefs and triggering events which create a sense of threat that leads to a physiological state of arousal. This state, in turn, creates new beliefs which give meaning to the sense of arousal. The new belief spreads through sociometric channels. Predisposing factors include boredom, pressure to produce, physical stressors, poor labor-management relations, and impaired interpersonal communications, and lack of social support. It is important that a thorough investigation be carried out in all instances. Investigation is not only necessary for diagnosis, but it also reassures the management, the employees, and the press that physical factors are unlikely to be responsible for the disease.
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PMID:Psychogenic epidemics and work. 653 52

EEG/closed-circuit television long-term monitoring was used as a definitive diagnostic tool to identify and characterize 25 patients with pseudoepileptic seizures and a similar group of subjects with epilepsy, confirming the value of the procedure. The groups did not differ with respect to intelligence, neuropsychological impairment, or incidence of potential etiological factors for seizures. Scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Hypochondriasis, Hysteria, and Schizophrenia Scales were significantly higher for the pseudoepileptic group than for the other subjects. As a whole, the former patients exhibited an MMPI profile pattern frequently seen in the conversion form of hysteria. A set of three rules derived from the MMPI profiles was used to classify the patients correctly in 80-90% of cases. As evaluated by the Washington Psychosocial Seizure Inventory, psychosocial problems of patients with pseudoepileptic seizures were more severe in certain areas, and appeared to reflect early family background problems and inappropriate management of their disorders.
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PMID:Intensive EEG monitoring and psychological studies of patients with pseudoepileptic seizures. 669 85

Charcot's work on hysteria has always been controversial. All his attitudes, whether on the theory of the ovary, the hysteroepileptic seizure or the use of hypnosis, have always been charicatured, misunderstood and separated from the wider context of his overall approach. Rereading Charcot's works shows that he developed his approach progressively over a period of more than 20 years before coming to his psychological model of hysteria. This model explains the formation of the symptom and the hysterical conversion via a mechanism of being ignorant of the motor representation. This concept has never been disproven and remains the only theory explaining the formation of the hysteria symptom. Based on Charcot's fundamental contribution, Freud and Janet further developed their work on the psychopathology of hysteria.
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PMID:[Charcot and hysteria]. 775 82

We describe a distinctive epilepsy syndrome in six families, which is the first partial epilepsy syndrome to follow single gene inheritance. The predominant seizure pattern had frontal lobe seizure semiology with clusters of brief motor attacks occurring in sleep. Onset was usually in childhood, often persisting through adult life. Misdiagnosis as night terrors, nightmares, hysteria, or paroxysmal nocturnal dystonia was common, and the inheritance pattern was often not appreciated. This autosomal dominant epilepsy syndrome is ideal for identification of partial epilepsy genes.
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PMID:Autosomal dominant frontal epilepsy misdiagnosed as sleep disorder. 860 95

A 15-year-old female teenager had recurrent syncopes and had been unsuccessfully treated for 6 years for seizures and hysteria. Syncopes were always triggered by emotions, or efforts, but electrocardiograms were normal between the episodes. A 24-hour-monitoring during a syncope, and provocative tests (exercise testing and isoprenaline administration) showed severe ventricular arrhythmias with premature polymorphous beats, followed by ventricular tachycardia and then ventricular fibrillation. These "catecholamine-induced" ventricular tachycardias are very rare but are always fatal without treatment. Syncopes are stress-induced and the diagnosis is almost always delayed, because the patients have a normal electrocardiogram, with normal QT interval. The arrhythmia appears beyond a "threshold" sinus rate and is easily reproducible by exercise testing. Betablockers are the only efficient treatment to prevent sudden death.
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PMID:[Catecholamine induced ventricular tachycardia: a cause of severe syncope during adolescence]. 790 69

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profiles were analysed in 55 patients with pseudoseizures (40 patients with pseudoseizures only-pure group, and 15 patients with both pseudoseizures and epilepsy-mixed group). For each of the 10 clinical scales, there were no significant differences between the groups in mean T-score values or the incidence of pathological scores (T-score of 70 or above). In 87.3% of cases in the entire sample (groups combined), at least one clinical scale was elevated in the pathological range. For the combined groups, scales having the highest mean values as well as highest incidence of pathological scores were Schizophrenia, Hysteria and Depression. The mean profile of the entire sample (n = 55) had a two-point code of 8-3 with Schizophrenia and Hysteria as profile peaks. Application of three sets of published criteria for hysteria or conversion yielded markedly different results. This finding underscores the difficulty in evaluating the role of hysteria in pseudoseizures in the absence of a single standard. Mean values and the overall profile of this patient sample were remarkably similar to those found in two previous studies.
Seizure 1997 Feb
PMID:Personality profiles of patients with pseudoseizures. 906 16

We performed pattern analysis of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles of 55 patients with pseudoseizures in order to establish whether there was any single pattern which would be sufficient to characterize the entire sample. Two published methods of pattern analysis were used. Neither method revealed a single pattern or profile code which could best characterize the sample. The Graham method revealed that the Hysteria and Schizophrenia scales were most likely to be found among the profile leads, followed by the Depression, and to a lesser extent, the Hypochondriasis scales. According to the Friedman method, 30.9% of the records could be classified as 'spike', 'two-point code' or 'three-point code'. The most striking finding of the study is that 40% of the profiles had four or more clinical scale elevations. Furthermore, 91% of those profiles with multiple elevations had elevations on both the neurotic and psychotic scales. This suggests that a substantial proportion of MMPI profiles in this sample are complex, and the clinical picture which they reflect requires a broader scope of psychological analysis beyond that of a single psychological mechanism.
Seizure 1997 Dec
PMID:Analysis of MMPI patterns in patients with psychogenic pseudoseizures. 953 Sep 36

The discrimination of poisoning from other conditions is essential. When multiple patients with similar clinical findings are seen, deliberate poisoning should be considered along with the possibility of resulting from accidental food poisoning, infection, diseases resulting from extreme circumstances, and mass hysteria. The diagnosis of causal poisoning chemicals based on clinical findings is essential. Breath odors, findings of vomitus, skin color, body temperature, autonomic nervous system findings, and seizures are important physical findings. On the other hand, laboratory findings such as ECG abnormalities, metabolic acidosis, increased serum hepatic enzyme levels, and increased serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels are also useful in obtaining the correct diagnosis. X-ray films are useful in demonstrating several types of radiopaque drugs in the stomach. Rapid tests are valuable in diagnosing poisoning caused by such chemicals as paraquat and cyanides. Therapeutic diagnoses obtained by administering competitive blockers of specific receptors are also valuable when benzodiazepine or opiate poisoning is suspected. The final diagnosis of the causal chemical should be based on both the clinical findings and analytical results.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of acute poisoning]. 1121 55


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