Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two cases are reported of severe encephalitis in infants that were caused by a primary infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. Both patients presented with focal seizures; the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the rapid appearance of IgM antibody to herpes simplex virus type 1 in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. In spite of the early use of acyclovir, which was administered by the intravenous route, the clinical response was poor and both infants were left with severe neurological impairment.
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PMID:Herpes simplex encephalitis in infants. 372 4

From 1974 through 1982, fulminant hepatitis was diagnosed in 34 patients at our institution. Of these patients, only two survived (survival rate, 6%). This syndrome was caused by viruses (B and non-B hepatitis and herpes simplex) in 23 patients, hepatotoxic drug in 6, Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) in 3, and industrial poisons in 2. Most of the patients died within 10 days after the onset of encephalopathy. The poor prognosis in our group of patients was probably related to the preponderance of older patients and cases caused by non-B hepatitis virus. In our patients, the clinical course was complicated by renal failure, ascites, bleeding, sepsis, pancreatitis, and seizures. The major cause of death was hepatic failure.
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PMID:Fulminant hepatitis: Mayo Clinic experience with 34 cases. 392 80

Two patients had clinical findings of encephalopathy that progressed in 4 to 5 months. One patient had headache, fatigue, lethargy, hemiparesis, and a seizure. The second patient had only forgetfulness, confusion, and lethargy without focal signs. Herpes simplex virus was grown from brain biopsy in the first patient and from CSF in the second patient. These cases suggest that herpes simplex virus caused the encephalitis and that it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic encephalopathy.
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PMID:Chronic encephalitis possibly due to herpes simplex virus: two cases. 403 28

The EEGs of 21 newborns with herpes simplex encephalitis were analysed. The diagnosis was based on the demonstration of herpes simplex infection in association with neurological symptoms, other etiological factors being excluded. Sixteen of 21 babies (76%) showed in their EEGs electrical seizures, either focal or unilateral. These paroxysms consisted of sharp waves or slow waves repeating at pseudo-periodic intervals, usually of 0.5-2 sec. Individual paroxysms had a duration of 10-20 sec in 6 babies and 1-2 min in 10 patients. During the same period, 20 other babies displayed the same EEG finding. Of these, 11 had encephalitis of unknown etiology. In our series there appeared to exist a correlation between both the duration of the electrical seizures and the degree of EEG background abnormality and the clinical outcome. Babies with markedly abnormal background and long-lasting paroxysms tended to have a poor prognosis. It is concluded that in newborns with clinical signs of encephalitis who show in their EEGs paroxysms of the type described, the possibility of herpes simplex encephalitis should be considered.
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PMID:EEG in neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis. 619 74

Continuing evaluations of antiviral agents for treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) provided an opportunity to collect clinical data from 113 patients in whom the diagnosis was proved by viral isolation. Occurrence of HSE was in all ages and in both sexes and was nonseasonal. Characteristically, patients had behavioral changes, fever, confusion, speech disturbances, and, less frequently, seizures. The EEG was the most useful neurodiagnostic aid followed by technetium and computed axial tomographic scans. Employing a logistic regression model for variable selection, the diagnosis could be predicted by clinical findings and neurodiagnostic tests in 83% of the proved cases, but the evidence in 25% was falsely positive. There was evidence of localization by either clinical or neurodiagnostic assessment in all patients with proved disease. Among patients wtih negative findings for HSE, similar focal findings predominated in all but a few. The CSF and brain scans were normal in many patients with proved HSE. This extensive clinical experience in patients wtih diagnosis proved by viral isolation shows that diagnosis cna be confirmed only by brain biopsy.
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PMID:Herpes simplex encephalitis. Clinical Assessment. 627 34

We have reported a case of transplacentally transmitted herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in association with both congenital malformations and other serious abnormalities, including facial abnormalities, microcephaly, cerebral atrophy, and microscopic cranial calcifications. Before death, the infant showed marked neurologic deficits, seizures, and respiratory distress. Serum IgM and complement fixing antibodies to HSV were elevated at birth. Light and electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies confirmed the presence of the virus.
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PMID:Herpes simplex virus and congenital malformations. 631 63

We studied the frequency of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with various neurological diseases. We used a micromethod employing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis that required only 50 microliters of unconcentrated CSF. Oligoclonal bands were detected in the CSF of 95% of the patients with multiple sclerosis, 90% with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and 100% with herpes simplex encephalitis, but less frequently in other central nervous system infections. No oligoclonal bands were detected in the CSF of patients with Parkinson, Huntington, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, or herniated disc diseases. Bands were detected in some patients with Alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular accident, idiopathic vertigo, idiopathic seizures, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, polyneuropathy, and central nervous system glioma. Patients with other conditions infrequently had positive bands. The determination of oligoclonal bands is a useful aid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and herpes simplex encephalitis. The presence of oligoclonal bands indicates an immunological response but is not diagnostic for a particular condition.
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PMID:Oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid in various neurological diseases. 683 75

EEGs were obtained on six infants with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis. The first EEG of four of these infants showed a unique multifocal periodic or quasiperiodic pattern; in one of these, a periodic pattern subsequently replaced the quasiperiodic pattern. A fifth infant developed a quasiperiodic pattern on the eighteenth day. All of these infants died or were left with severe encephalopathy. A sixth infant was diagnosed and therapy initiated on day 2. The periodic pattern did not appear in any of this infant's EEGs, and at age 8 months he showed only a moderate motor delay. A periodic EEG in a young infant with partial motor seizures and CSF lymphocyte pleocytosis is virtually diagnostic of HSV encephalitis.
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PMID:A characteristic EEG pattern in neonatal herpes simplex encephalitis. 689 Jan 54

The presence of periodic EEG complexes in patients with an acute viral encephalitis is generally held to suggest that infection is due to herpes simplex. We now report a patient with clinical and laboratory findings of infectious mononucleosis, and neurologic involvement manifested by lymphocyte meningitis, coma, seizures, aphasia, hemiparesis and hemianopsia. Serial EEGs showed periodic, predominantly left-sided slow wave complexes occurring every 4 to 5 seconds, which disappeared with clinical resolution of the illness. In view of our findings and the similar findings reported previously by others in another case of infectious mononucleosis encephalitis, an EEG showing periodic complexes in the clinical setting of acute viral encephalitis should not be considered pathognomonic of herpes encephalitis, and infectious mononucleosis should be included in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Periodic EEG complexes in infectious mononucleosis encephalitis. 711 33

A comatose patient with seizures and focal neurological signs was given vidarabine because herpes simplex encephalitis was a likely diagnosis. Investigations showed that the illness was due to infectious mononucleosis. Although recovery is usual in infectious mononucleosis encephalitis, the complete clinical and neuropsychological recovery documented in this severe case raises the possibility that vidarabine may have exerted a therapeutic effect.
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PMID:Infectious mononucleosis encephalitis. Possible therapeutic response to vidarabine. 714 65


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