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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A man aged 26 years had been subject to frequent transient episodes of left homonymous hemianopia, initially accompanied by visual hallucinations and left miosis, since the age of 8 years. These partial seizures recurred 3 to 30 times each month in spite of treatment with anticonvulsant medication. The causative lesion, which had escaped detection by cerebral angiography and repeated computed tomographic scanning, was shown by magnetic resonance imaging to be a small cavernous hemangioma in the right occipital lobe. This was treated by a course of fine-beam radiotherapy directed to the lesion. After treatment the partial attacks ceased, although one nocturnal clonic seizure occurred 12 months after radiotherapy and 6 weeks after stopping all anticonvulsant medication.
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PMID:Partial seizures with visual disturbance treated by radiotherapy of cavernous hemangioma. 251 72

In a retrospective study the clinical data of ten consecutive patients with a cavernous angioma (cavernoma) confined to the supratentorial compartment are presented. The lesions were almost equally distributed among the cerebral cortex with three cavernomas each in the parietal and temporal region and two lesions each being located in the frontal and occipital lobes. The predominant clinical symptoms were either focal or generalized seizures which occurred in 8 patients. One patient became symptomatic due to an intracerebral bleeding from the cavernous angioma, one patient developed a visual field defect from an occipitally localized cavernoma. In 7 patients the neurological status on admission was normal, two patients had signs of a slowly progressing psychosyndroma, one patient had a homonymous hemianopia. The time interval from onset of symptoms to final diagnosis showed a considerable variability ranging from one months to 33 years. Only in half of the patients this interval was less than 6 months. CT-scan was the most important radiological procedure for the diagnosis of these malformations, while MRI may be even more sensible in detecting these lesions in the future. The treatment of choice for these tumorous vascular malformations is microneurosurgical extirpation. This can be accomplished with neglectible morbidity leading to a significant decrease of the preoperative incidence and severity of epileptic seizures.
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PMID:Cavernous angiomas of the supratentorial compartment. 251 90

Cerebral functional imaging methods provide information on the location of the epileptic focus in partial epilepsy of adults. We report our experience of one of these methods, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), in epilepsy of children. SPECT enables the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) to be measured, after inhalation or injection of 133-Xenon, on 5 contiguous, 20 mm thick axial sections, with a 14 mm resolution and negligible brain irradiation. In Sturge-Weber syndrome (13 patients aged 9 months to 18 years) the rCBF was reduced in the same territory as CT abnormalities suggesting ischaemia of the brain tissue lying below the pial angioma; the SPECT image facilitated the diagnosis in 3 patients with atypical CT. In hemimegalencephaly (6 patients aged 1 month to 10 years) the rCBF was extremely low in the hypertrophic hemisphere and in 1 case the SPECT image was determinant in the decision to perform hemispherectomy. In partial epilepsy with normal CT and/or MRI (42 children aged 1 to 15 years) the rCBF was abnormal in 83% of the patients, and its abnormality was located in the same area as the EEG focus in three quarters of the cases. Between seizures, the rCBF was low in 3 out of 4 cases and abnormality decreased after the seizures had ceased (6 patients explored twice); it was high in 1 out of 4 cases. Thus, in children as in adults, cerebral functional imaging provides new data which contribute to the localization and follow-up of epileptic foci.
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PMID:Study of the cerebral blood flow in partial epilepsy of childhood using the SPECT method. 251 43

Until recently intracranial cavernous angiomas were thought to be rare vascular malformations that usually presented in adulthood as an intracerebral hemorrhage, an expanding mass lesion, or with the new onset of seizures. Prior to the advent of computed tomography (CT), and more recently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), their diagnosis in childhood was extremely rare. However, the CT and MRI features of cavernous angioma are quite distinctive and allow early diagnosis and treatment. Advances in surgical techniques permit successful removal of these potentially devastating lesions and amelioration of the associated seizure disorder. Seven children with cerebral cavernous angiomas have been treated at the Children's Hospital Medical Center since 1980. Six children presented with seizures and one with an intracerebral hemorrhage. All had characteristic findings on CT and/or MRI and underwent surgical excision of symptomatic lesions. Intraoperative sonography, electrocorticography, and cortical mapping were used when indicated and were found to be helpful in the surgical management of these patients. Our experience suggests that symptomatic cerebral cavernous angiomas in children are not as rare as previously thought and that surgical treatment using modern neurosurgical techniques is both safe and appropriate and can be helpful in the management of associated seizures.
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PMID:Management of cerebral cavernous angiomas in children presenting with seizures. 261 68

This article reported a familial occurrence of intracerebral cavernous angioma in four members of one generation diagnosed by X-ray CT, MRI or operative specimen. Case 1, a 34-year-old female, was examined just after an episode of sudden convulsive seizure. On examination, she had a cutaneous angioma without any neurological deficit. X-ray CT revealed a high density mass lesion in the left frontal lobe, and MRI demonstrated a mass lesion in the chronic stage with an old hematoma circumscribed by hypointensity ring indicating peripheral hemosiderosis. Complete excision was carried out and a diagnosis of cavernous angioma was made after histological examination. Case 2, the 37-year-old brother of Case 1, suddenly developed left hemiparesis and hypesthesia with severe headache. X-ray CT revealed a high density mass in the right parietal lobe and two other calcifications. The right parietal lesion was excised and a histopathological diagnosis of cavernous angioma with intracerebral hematoma was made. Case 3, the 49-year-old sister of Case 1, suddenly fell into a coma and was admitted immediately. X-ray CT revealed a large pontine hemorrhage. She died on the 4th day of hospitalization without operative treatment. Necropsy was not carried out. Case 4, the 39-year-old sister of Case 1, was asymptomatic, however, she was examined on the supposition of a familial occurrence of intracerebral cavernous angioma. On examination, it was found she had multiple cavernous angioma without any neurological deficit. X-ray CT revealed parietal intracerebral calcification. MRI demonstrated a mass lesion with peripheral hypointensity ring in the right parietal lobe, and another small lesion in the pons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Familial occurrence of intracerebral cavernous angioma]. 265 57

The histopathological, epidemiological, clinical and neuroradiological findings of the cavernous angiomas of the central nervous system have been reviewed, based on an analysis of the literature. C.A. was considered a very rare lesion in the pre-CT era (5% of the vascular malformations). In the past mainly the cavernous angiomas operated on were responsible for a hemorrhagic syndrome or a space-occupying lesion syndrome and less frequently did they present with seizures. Since the introduction of the CT and moreover of MRI the reported cases of cavernous angiomas in the C.N.S. have increased considerably (25.1% of the vascular malformations). Familial cases, multiple localizations, association with tumors and other vascular malformations and extracerebral dural localizations have been documented. Angiographic examination can be negative, but in some cases a capillary blush in the late venous phase has been demonstrated. CT scan and MRI are the best procedures for the diagnosis of cavernous angiomas. MRI is able to demonstrate small and no recent traces of bleeding, but CT is more sensitive in distinguishing calcifications. Surgical results depending on the site of the angioma have been reported. Radical removal and good recovery have been documented in supratentorial cases, while partial removal and poor results have been reported in deeply sited cases (including spinal cord).
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PMID:Cavernous angiomas of the central nervous system. 269 28

We measured local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (ICMRGIc) using positron emission tomography (PET) in six children with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) and in six neurologically asymptomatic children with facial capillary hemangioma suggestive of SWS. Children with advanced SWS showed markedly depressed ICMRGIc in the anatomically affected cerebral hemisphere in a distribution that extended beyond the abnormalities depicted on computed tomography scan. In two infants with SWS and recent seizure onset, interictal PET revealed a paradoxical pattern of increased ICMRGIc in the cerebral cortex of the anatomically affected hemisphere. In one of these infants, ICMRGIc was also increased in the contralateral cerebellum, suggesting activation of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar circuitry. Subsequent PET (28 months later) in this child revealed the typical ICMRGIc pattern seen in advanced SWS. Further study of this transient ICMRGIc increase may be important in disclosing the pathogenesis of unilateral cerebral degeneration in SWS. In neurologically asymptomatic children with the facial stigmata of SWS and in children with early SWS, PET provides a sensitive measure of the extent and degree of cerebral metabolic impairment. Serial PET studies in children with SWS can be used to assess disease progression and, together with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, may be useful in the selection of suitable candidates for cerebral hemispherectomy or focal cortical resection.
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PMID:Sturge-Weber syndrome: a study of cerebral glucose utilization with positron emission tomography. 278 35

The authors have observed 7 cases of intracranial cavernous haemangioma. A review of the literature shows that the diagnosis is suggested by the occurrence of epileptic seizures, signs of expansive process or meningeal haemorrhage. Computerized tomography displays an area of hyperdensity enhanced by injections of a contrast medium. Surgical excision is mandatory. The post-operative mortality varies with the site of the malformation.
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PMID:[Cerebral cavernoma: a rare vascular malformation]. 294 69

We describe a 3 1/2-year-old boy with the Klippel-Trenaunay and Sturge-Weber syndromes. The child had congenital superficial capillary hemangiomas, congenital glaucoma and mild hydrocephalus. During the first year of life he experienced intermittent hematuria. When he was 3 years old he presented with seizures and left hemihypertrophy first was noted. Several months later radiological examination of a large abdominal mass demonstrated its origin to be in the right kidney. Radical nephrectomy documented the presence of renal hemangioma with complicating perirenal hematoma. A double inferior vena cava was another unexpected surgical finding that complicated the course of this patient. All of these unusual features in these rare syndromes with their clinical, pathogenetic and therapeutic implications are discussed. The differential diagnosis of renal masses in these syndromes also is presented.
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PMID:Klippel-Trenaunay and Sturge-Weber syndromes with renal hemangioma and double inferior vena cava. 301 42

Cerebral venous angiomas are considered by many investigators as infrequent and incidental. Our experience, however, has been different. Since 1975, we have compiled a group of 21 patients with 23 venous angiomas. Nine patients (43%) presented with intracranial hemorrhage, and two in this group had recurrent hemorrhage. Surgical extirpation of the venous angioma was performed in all nine cases. An additional resection of a frontal venous angioma was performed in a woman with intractable seizures and headache. We experienced limited morbidity and no mortality. Although venous angiomas may be uncommon clinically, they have a significant potential for hemorrhage, and particularly, rehemorrhage if left untreated.
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PMID:Venous angiomas: an underestimated cause of intracranial hemorrhage. 318 79


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