Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 6-year-old, obese, spayed female Doberman pinscher dog was presented for clinical examination with a 1-day history of repeated seizures and a long-term history of periodic bouts of ataxia, circling, and head tilt. The seizures were controlled with phenobarbital, but the dog died 2 days after presentation. Necropsy revealed severe, diffuse, follicular atrophy of the thyroid gland (primary hypothyroidism), severe generalized atherosclerosis, severe pseudolaminar cortical necrosis and acute vasculitis in the cerebrum, and congestive heart failure. The neurologic signs were explained by the pseudolaminar necrosis and associated cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. The cerebrocortical necrosis was believed to be caused by tissue hypoxia secondary to progressive vascular occlusion. Cerebrovascular atherosclerosis, secondary to primary hypothyroidism, was considered the most important cause of the hypoxia.
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PMID:Neurologic manifestations of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis associated with primary hypothyroidism in a dog. 397 13

Lidocaine is absorbed from mucous membranes of the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and tracheobronchial tree. First-pass hepatic metabolism of the drug greatly reduces the amount reaching the general systemic circulation in the normal individual. In patients whose hepatic metabolism is reduced by disease or drugs, or in whom liver blood flow is reduced, this first-pass effect is decreased and lidocaine concentrations may be higher than those produced by the same dose in normal patients. We report an elderly man taking cimetidine with congestive heart failure in whom the accidental ingestion of lidocaine solution for esophageal anesthesia was followed by seizures and elevated serum lidocaine concentrations.
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PMID:Seizures following oral lidocaine for esophageal anesthesia. 397 59

The most important complications of intravascular administration of contrast agents include idiosyncratic (anaphylactoid) reactions, shock, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, acute renal failure, and neurotoxic effects. The incidence of serious neurotoxic effects is low. Entry of contrast agents into the central nervous system normally is limited but may be increased by osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier with cerebral arteriography or arch aortography. Most neurotoxic effects are thought to represent direct effects of the contrast agent on brain or spinal cord. Adverse effects with arteriography include seizures, transient cortical blindness, brain edema, and spinal cord injury. Most cases of focal brain deficit (other than cortical blindness) are attributed to embolism secondary to the catheter. Seizures may occur with intravenous administration, especially in patients with brain tumors or other processes disrupting the blood-brain barrier. The most important adverse effects observed with myelographic agents include acute and chronic meningeal reactions with iophendylate, and seizures and transient encephalopathy with metrizamide.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity of radiological contrast agents. 634 33

Since the mid-1960s, millions of dollars in federal funds have been used for research in the development of the Total Artificial Heart (TAH). Significant advances in bio-materials and pump and energy systems, as well as animal experimentations, have led to the clinical reality of the TAH's use in man. On December 2, 1982, Dr. Barney Clark became the first recipient of a permanent TAH. He had been suffering from terminal congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic cardiomyopathy. No other treatment was available, since, at the age of 61, he was too old for heart transplant. Dr. Clark's 112-day hospitalization was complicated by pulmonary problems, renal insufficiency, seizures, nosebleeds, and a broken heart valve. Dr. Clark appeared malnourished before surgery, and his numerous postoperative complications confounded attempts at nutritional support. Standard nutritional assessment techniques were inadequate or inappropriate in the face of severe edema, renal failure, and multiple transfusions. Although nitrogen balance was achieved intermittently, for the majority of his hospitalization Dr. Clark remained in negative nitrogen balance, due mainly to renal insufficiency. Some of the nutritional complications seen in the first TAH patient might have been preventable with early nutritional assessment and more aggressive support. The Artificial Heart Management Team at the University of Utah now includes a nutritionist, and future protocols outline detailed nutrition monitoring.
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PMID:Nutrition for the first Total Artificial Heart patient: implications for future patients. 642 92

A new essential hypereosinophilic syndrome has been reported in a 53 years old man who presented an important blood and bone marrow hypereosinophilia of unknown etiology since 5 years. The evolution of the clinical course included neurological accidents (hemiplegia, spasmodic quadriplegia, seizures) congestive heart failure, hepatomegaly, transient renal involvement, pulmonary infiltrates with pleural hemorrhage, episodes of diarrhea and fever with weight loss. The cytological study of the eosinophiles showed the existence of abnormal inclusions which were confirmed by the electron microscope. These and cytoenzymological abnormalities led to discussion of the relationship between the essential hypereosinophilic syndrome and eosinophilic leukemia.
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PMID:[An essential hypereosinophilic syndrome. Cytological, cyto-enzymological and ultrastructural studies (author's transl)]. 645 47

Recent definition of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic characteristics of theophylline and readily available, specific assays have increased the therapeutic benefits from this drug while decreasing the risk of toxicity. Once familiarity is achieved with the various factors that alter clearance, such as age, smoking habits, physiological abnormalities, and concurrent drug therapy, initial dosage can be appropriately individualized. Careful product selection, the slow progressive titration of dose over nine days, and the accurate measurement and interpretation of serum theophylline concentration prevent adverse effects and interactions. However, long-term therapy with theophylline should probably be avoided when other alternatives are available in patients with cor pulmonale, liver dysfunction, cardiac decompensation, migraine headaches, and seizure disorders.
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PMID:Avoidance of adverse effects during chronic therapy with theophylline. 700 76

After an upper respiratory tract infection an eight months old infant developed a severe hemolytic uremic syndrome with anemia, thrombocytopenia and anuria. Remarkable was a lesion of the erythrocytes by neuraminidase producing microorganisms. By early hemodialysis, blood transfusions and accurate fluid therapy the acute stage could be managed. The proceeding course was complicated by hypertension, seizures, coma, abdominal pain attacks and a fibrinous hemorrhagic pericarditis, which made an incomplete pericardectomy necessary. Although it came again to diuresis a severe chronic renal failure with its concluding effects as anemia, acidosis, hypertension and inanition resulted. After a four months period the patient died of biventricular congestive heart failure.
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PMID:[Severe course of a hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. 715 51

Papillary muscle necrosis was found in 24 of 84 neonates without congenital heart disease who died and were autopsied during a 17-month study period. The lesion was most prevalent in infants greater than or equal to 3,000 gm birth weight (59%), but papillary muscle necrosis was also noted in 25% of the infants of medium birth weight (1,500 to 2,999 gm) and in 19% of the very low-birth-weight infants (less than 1,500 gm). Papillary muscle necrosis in the highest birth-weight group correlated with five-minute Apgar scores of 6 or less, meconium aspiration syndrome, seizures, congestive heart failure, increased cardiothoracic ratio (greater than or equal to 0.60), and ischemic changes on electrocardiogram. In the medium- and very low-birth-weight groups, however, patients with papillary muscle necrosis could seldom be differentiated clinically from their birth-weight peers without the lesion, even in retrospect.
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PMID:Papillary muscle necrosis in a neonatal autopsy population: incidence and associated clinical manifestations. 718 2

A pharmacokinetic method of establishing individualized doses of aminophylline in patients with acute bronchospasm was evaluated. Patients admitted to a hospital who required intravenous aminophylline for bronchodilation were studied. Blood samples were drawn before treatment for theophylline-content measurement. Loading doses were administered intravenously and half-lives and volumes of distribution were determined. Individualized constant-rate infusions based on pharmacokinetic data were then begun. Heart rate, nausea, vomiting, seizures, and serum theophylline content were monitored during the study. The mean age of the 55 patients in the study was 54.3 years (range: 7 to 87). Patients with congestive heart failure or liver disease numbered 32; 30 patients were smokers. At approximately 24 hours after the calculated constant-rate infusion was begun, 85% of the patients had therapeutic serum levels of theophylline; 11% of the patients had subtherapeutic levels and 4% had toxic levels. All measured concentrations were between 7.5 and 23.0 microgram/ml. The study method produced significantly more patients in the therapeutic range than would have occurred if previously reported standardized methods had been used (p less than 0.05). Most patients had a decreased heart rate after treatment. No other adverse effects occurred that were attributable to i.v. aminophylline. It is concluded that, for patients in acute bronchospasm, individualizing i.v. aminophylline doses with patient-specific pharmacokinetic data can increase significantly the number of patients who rapidly attain therapeutic serum theophylline levels.
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PMID:Use of a pharmacokinetic method for establishing doses of aminophylline to treat acute bronchospasm. 724 57

Clinical features of A-V intracranial malformations during infancy, childhood and adolescence are reviewed on this series of 25 less-than-15-years-old patients. Great cirsoid malformations (2 cases) and aneurysms of the vein of Galen (2 cases) may cause diffuse brain-steal-ischaemia, hydrocephalus and congestive heart failure in early ages, event at birth. The clinical manifestations of brain angiomas rather begin from the fifth year of life. Little sized angiomas cause preferentially intracranial haemorrhagic attacks (17 of 21 cases in this series). Middle sized racemic angiomas cause focal seizures and/or focal neurologic signs. In 5 patients an intracranial bruit of a great diagnostic value was present. Combining brain radioisotopic studies, brain C.A.T. and angiography near 100% of intracranial A-V malformations can be diagnosed early after clinical suspicion.
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PMID:[Intracranial arteriovenous malformations in childhood. A revision of 25 cases (author's transl)]. 728 83


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