Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood pressure should be routinely measured in all infants and children. Measurements should be performed with an appropriate size cuff and observed pressures compared to normal values for age. Elevated blood pressure is seen in one to ten percent of children, depending on the age group surveyed and the definition of hypertension selected. Thirty to fifty percent of children with elevated blood pressures are asymptomatic. The remainder have symptoms which are nonspecific, including headaches, visual disturbances, seizures, congestive heart failure, and facial palsy. Hypertension in children, unlike hypertension in the adult, usually has a definite cause which often responds to adequate medical and/or surgical treatment. For this reason, children with well-confirmed hypertension should be thoroughly evaluated. The most common causes of hypertension found in children are renal disease (pyelonephritis, vascular disease, structural malformations) and coarctation of the aorta. An approach to the child with transient or persistent hypertension is described. Diagnostic studies should be individualized and should follow clinical clues where possible. Medical management of the child with acute hypertension is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Elevated blood pressures in infants and children. 62 65

Three patients with pulmonary interstitial emphysema are presented in whom the course was similar and progressive. Eventually all three infants developed respiratory insufficiency and chronic dependence on mechanical ventilation, cardiovascular complications of patent ductus arteriosus with congestive heart failure, and seizures probably secondary to intermittent periods of asphyxia and hypoxemia. All infants underwent lobectomy and recovered rapidly. Follow-up examinations have shown some residual pulmonary abnormalities. All three infants are progressing within the normal range for motor development.
 ...
PMID:Surgical resection for pulmonary interstitial emphysema in the newborn infant. 70 47

Fifty infants ranging in age from 13 days to 18 months (mean age 6 months) and weighing from 1.7 to 8.2 kg (mean weight 4.5 kg) underwent patch closure of a ventricular septal defect (VSD) with use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Seventeen infants were under 3 months of age. The principal indication for operation was intractable chronic congestive heart failure; All infants were below the third percentile for weight preoperatively; Three patients (6%) died postoperatively within the second month of life. There was no late mortality. Seven infants (14%) had seizures; these were associated with a low output state in 2 infants, with hypoxic episodes in 4 infants, and occurred postoperatively in 1 infant. Postoperatively, 8 (17%) of the surviving infants developed right bundle-branch block and left anterior hemiblock, and 16 (32%) developed right bundle-branch block alone. One year postoperatively, catheterization studies in 24 children revealed normal pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance in all; there were no significant residual ventricular septal defects. Because of these results we continue to be enthusiastic about primary closure of VSD irrespective of age or weightk0
 ...
PMID:Early and late results of closure of ventricular septal defect in infancy. 87 75

The longterm effects of pacemaker therapy have been investigated in 337 patients with bradycardia and congestive heart failure with or without Adams-Stokes syncope. The cumulative survival rate in patients with Adams-Stokes seizures without congestive heart failure (group I) is markedly better than in patients with Adams-Stokes seizures and congestive heart failure (group II). The death rate is highest in patients with congestive heart failure as sole indication for pacemaker implantation (Group III). In the patients from group II (mainly with slight to moderate decompensation) there was a higher percentage of improvement than in those from group III (chiefly with severe congestive heart failure), in whom cardiac decompensation improved in approximately half the cases. These findings do not prompt excessive enthusiasm about the longterm results in patients with bradycardia and severe congestive heart failure. The indication subsists where there is resistance to drug therapy, or digitalis intolerance, or where treatment with a provisional pacemaker produces good results.
 ...
PMID:[Proceedings: Pacemaker implantation bradycardia and cardiac insufficiency. Preliminary report]. 121 81

A 33-year-old female patient, with a 4-year history of hypertension plus a 3-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus, who had been taking high dosages of corticosteroids, has shown repetitive respiratory infections and congestive heart failure for the past 8 months. Angiocardiography confirmed the diagnosis of aortic insufficiency with aneurysmatic dilation of Valsalva's posterior sinus, ascending aorta of normal diameter and normal coronary arteries. Aortic dissection causing aortic insufficiency due to collapse of aortic leaflets was spotted during the surgery and was corrected by a bovine pericardial tube and suspension of aortic valve. The postoperative (PO) period was complicated by left-sided seizures followed by left hemiparesis and respiratory infection. She was discharged on the 25th PO day with mild left hemiparesis and in functional class I (NYHA), using medicines. We emphasize the need to consider the diagnosis of aortic dissection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and aortic insufficiency, specially in those who have a history of systemic arterial hypertension and long-term corticosteroid therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Aortic dissection associated with systemic lupus erythematosus]. 134 Nov 57

Seven out of 829 pediatric cardiac patients (0.84%) were found to have sinus node dysfunction (SND) over the past seven years. Of the seven patients, three had structurally normal hearts. One of these three patients had long QT syndrome. In four patients, structural heart disease was noted. In three of these four patients the sinus node dysfunction was attributed to cardiac surgery. The age of onset of SND ranged from four months to eight years. Presenting symptoms and signs included syncope, near-syncope, seizure and congestive heart failure. Two patients were asymptomatic. Five patients had episodic sinus pause. Sinus or junctional bradycardia was noted in four patients. Three had tachy-bradycardia. High grade atrioventricular block was noted in one patient. Treadmill exercise test revealed a nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in two patients. All seven patients were found to have prolonged maximal corrected sinus node recovery time. Prolonged intra-atrial conduction time was found in three, prolonged AV nodal conduction time in one, and prolonged His-Purkinje conduction time in one patient during the electrophysiologic study. All seven patients showed abnormal results in intrinsic heart rate study. Anti-arrhythmic drugs were prescribed. During the follow-up study, no patient died, but two patients received a pacemaker implantation. Because of the extent of their conduction system diseases, it is recommended that patients with SND should be thoroughly investigated.
 ...
PMID:Sinus node dysfunction in children. 151 8

Intracranial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is rare. Of the 320 arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated by Halbach over the past ten years, only five (1.6%) had a single arteriovenous connection. In the present study, a male infant developed focal seizure and intracranial hemorrhage without cardiac decompensation at the age of 42 days. When he was 3 years and 4 months old, status epileptics occurred, and AVF was discovered via CT scan and cerebral angiographic examination. The AVF was fed by a middle cerebral artery and drained into a huge cortical vein over the left parietooccipital area. Endovascular therapy and/or surgery were suggested, but the family refused. Though seizures occurred occasionally, the patient's consciousness level had become more clear, and he was discharged after three weeks' hospitalization. The patient was noted to be lethargic and only could roll over partially at the age of 3 year and 8 months, in the latest follow-up.
 ...
PMID:Intracerebral arteriovenous fistula: report of one case. 151 13

A morbidly obese woman [190 kg total bodyweight (TBW)] was admitted to hospital with a rapidly progressing wound infection. Over the next 2 weeks the patient developed congestive heart failure, acute renal failure, septic shock and multiple seizure episodes. Intravenous phenobarbital was added to phenytoin therapy to achieve seizure control. A total loading dose of phenobarbital 3700 mg (19.5 mg/kg TBW) was administered in 3 divided doses. The initial dose of 1100 mg resulted in a serum phenobarbital concentration of 6.3 mg/L 5h postinfusion, a second 1100 mg dose increased the concentration to 13.1 mg/L 1h postinfusion and a final dose of 1500 mg resulted in a 22.5 mg/L concentration at the end of the infusion. A phenobarbital maintenance regimen of 120 mg every 12h was then started. Peak serum concentrations of 19.8 and 17.8 mg/L were measured. All of the available serum phenobarbital concentrations and dosage amounts were fitted with least-squares nonlinear regression analysis to a 1-compartment model. An apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of 154.9L (0.82 L/kg TBW), total body clearance (CL) of 29 ml/min (1.74 L/h) and elimination half-life of 61h were determined. Our case report suggests that the dose of intravenous phenobarbital should be calculated using TBW. Additional studies are needed to precisely define the appropriate dosage weight, serum concentrations and clinical efficacy associated with intravenous phenobarbital in morbidly obese patients.
 ...
PMID:Phenobarbital pharmacokinetics in obesity. A case report. 158 59

Unilateral megalencephaly is a rare and poorly understood malformation resulting in the enlargement of all or part of a cerebral hemisphere. The clinical and radiologic features of 12 patients with unilateral megalencephaly are presented; pathologic correlation was available in four. All patients had seizures and developmental delay. Two were in congestive heart failure as a result of arteriovenous shunting through the abnormal hemisphere. The affected hemispheres showed a wide spectrum of involvement. Anomalies of neuronal migration were present, and there was a roughly inverse correlation between the severity of hemispheric involvement and the magnitude of enlargement. This correlation is explained via a proposed mechanism of a mild hemispheric insult in the middle-to-late second trimester. One patient had an extremely anomalous hemisphere that did not have characteristics of a neuronal migration anomaly and may have been a hamartomatous malformation. Our correlation of the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of unilateral megalencephaly, together with a theory of pathogenesis, should help elucidate this rare malformation.
 ...
PMID:Unilateral megalencephaly: correlation of MR imaging and pathologic characteristics. 169 66

Sleep-disordered breathing may occur in a wide variety of neuromuscular syndromes, and may present with diverse, often isolated, symptoms or findings such as excessive daytime sleepiness, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, morning headaches, or hypoxia-induced nocturnal seizures. The authors report two sisters with congenital muscular dystrophy in whom central sleep apnoea resulted in the isolated symptom of nocturnal seizures in one, and morning headaches in the other. Review of the literature reveals that sleep-disordered breathing may be common in neuromuscular disorders, and may often be present when clinical weakness is mild, and insufficient to result in diurnal respiratory dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:Central sleep apnoea in congenital muscular dystrophy. 194 Sep 43


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>