Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Convulsions or status epilepticus in 11 infants after pertussis vaccination are reported. In 3 cases grand mal epilepsy persisted and 2 children developed infantile epileptic encephalopathy (Lennox syndrome). On the basis of our own experience, the incidence of seizures approximates 1:4800 infants vaccinated or 1:12 800 vaccinations. According to a recent prospective study from the USA, the incidence of seizures may be closer to 1:600 infants. Since there is a significant difference between the incidence of spontaneous fits in children of the same age group and the incidence after vaccination, a causal relationship between the seizures and vaccination appears to be confirmed. The following conclusions are drawn from these observations: 1. In view of the usually benign course of whooping cough today, current vaccination against pertussis is hardly satisfactory. Improvement of the available vaccines is an urgent necessity. The protection should include the population most at risk, i.e. infants during the first few months of life. 2. Parents should be better informed about the risks involved in pertussis vaccination. 3. Booster inoculations should be abandoned. 4. Health authorities should decide whether the current pertussis vaccination program should be continued. 5. Complications following vaccination should be registered at a national centre.
 ...
PMID:[Convulsions after whooping-cough vaccination]. 679 99

The postictal immobility syndrome was examined in five experimental grand mal epilepsy models in an attempt to analyze separately the behavioral and underlying neurochemical aspects of the rigid-catatonic and flaccid-cataleptic states. Catalepsy and analgesia were found in varying degrees after maximal electroshock (MES), metrazol, picrotoxin, and Ro 5-3663 activated seizures. Signs of rigidity were noticed after the MES and picrotoxin seizures. Kindled seizures were followed by explosive behavior without signs of rigidity, catalepsy, and analgesia. Naloxone reduced the duration but not the score (intensity) of catalepsy and failed to selectively antagonize analgesia. The relative representation of the tonic stage of convulsions seemed to be the major determinant of the development of catatonic-cataleptic symptomatology. It is suggested that more than a single neurotransmitter system is involved in the postictal immobility syndrome and each epilepsy model has its unique neurochemical profile.
 ...
PMID:Convulsant-specific architecture of the postictal behavior syndrome in the rat. 679 53

Twenty-nine cases of self-poisoning with antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, maprotiline, doxepine, nortriptyline, opipramol) were examined by frequent observation of CNS effects, heart rate, blood pressure and standard ECG, 24h-ECG-monitoring, measurement of systolic time intervals, EEG recordings and frequent measurement of serum levels of antidepressants and primary metabolites. None of the patients died. Maximum total serum antidepressant level (parent compound + desmethyl metabolite) ranged from 20 to 2200 micrograms/l, with concentrations above 500 micrograms/l in 11 cases. The serum amitriptyline concentration remained high for 3-4 days in some of the severely intoxicated patients and the decay curves were compatible with partly saturated elimination. A degree of unconsciousness and the occurrence of excitation and hallucinations were generally seen in cases with total serum antidepressant levels above 500 micrograms/l. Grand mal seizures occurred more frequently at high antidepressant levels, but could not be predicted from the EEG recordings. Increased heart rate and prolonged QRS- and QTc-intervals were significantly correlated with the total serum antidepressant level. 24 h-ECG-monitoring revealed no serious arrhythmias or instances of heart block. Hypotension was only seen initially in few patients. Systolic time interval measurements showed changes suggesting impaired myocardial performance (elevated PEP/LVET ratio) at intermediate (60-500 micrograms/l) but not high (greater than 500 micrograms/l) total serum antidepressant levels. Measurement of serum concentration in antidepressant intoxication is important for identification of patients with high serum levels and the corresponding risk of developing toxic reactions, and to exclude patients with a low concentration who do not require intensive observation.
 ...
PMID:Overdosage of antidepressants: clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects. 716 Apr 20

Three percent of epileptic patients have their first seizure after the age of 60. More than at other ages, the real nature of such fits is very difficult to assert. Most of the reversible attacks occurring at this age are not of grave nature, syncopes are much more frequent. Some semeiological aspects are discussed. Focal seizures are more frequent after the age of 60. Absence status may be the first epileptic symptom in some rare cases (almost all of them being women). 100 patients whose ages ranged from 60 to 83 years, were examined after their first seizure and aetiological problems were examined. The following topics are discussed:--The possible onset of a primary epilepsy, extremely rare at that age;--The incidence of neoplasms, not exceeding 10% for patients whose late onset epilepsy is still an isolated symptom, and who have not been selected from specialized neurological or neurosurgical hospital departments;--The role of vascular epilepsy; in a very few cases, but of great practical interest, the epilepsy may announce a cerebrovascular accident which will occur later. It is, however, difficult to specify the vascular origin of a certain number of temporary unexplained late onset epilepsies. Some other aetiological factors are taken into account: antecedents of trauma, alcoholism, and dementia. The authors agree that in 50% of the cases the aetiology is not obvious. In this group of unknown aetiology it seemed interesting to isolate the following electroclinical form;--Epilepsy grand mal, with apparently generalized seizures; no special pathological antecedents; the neuropsychological and neurological examinations are normal, showing no intellectual disorders; the EEG generally shows slight modifications: quick rhythms, some sharp waves; a global cerebral atrophy is seen by the scanner. Such patients have been called victims of 'secondary late-onset generalized epilepsy'. They form 16% of a series of 156 epileptic patients who were over 65 years old, and 21% of our own 100 patients.
 ...
PMID:[Seizures after the age of sixty (author's transl)]. 734 7

Despite affecting 4 million Americans and 100-200 million persons worldwide, the precise molecular mechanisms of human epilepsies remain unknown. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is the most frequent and, hence, most important form of hereditary grand mal epilepsy. In this epilepsy, electroencephalographic (EEG) 15-30-Hz multispikes produce myoclonic and tonic-clonic convulsions beginning at 8-20 years of age. Moreover, EEG 3.5-6-Hz multispike wave complexes appear in clinically asymptomatic family members. We first studied 38 members of a four-generation LA-Belize family with classical JME but with no pyknoleptic absences. Five living members had JME; four clinically asymptomatic members had EEG multispike wave complexes. Pairwise analysis tightly linked microsatellites centromeric to HLA, namely D6S272 (peak lod score [Zmax] = 3.564-3.560 at male-female recombination [theta m = f] = 0-.001) and D6S257 (Zmax = 3.672-3.6667 at theta m = f = 0-.001), spanning 7 cM, to convulsive seizures and EEG multispike wave complexes. A recombination between D6S276 and D6S273 in one affected member placed the JME locus within or below HLA. Pairwise, multipoint, and recombination analyses in this large family independently proved that a JME gene is located in chromosome 6p, centromeric to HLA. We next screened, with the same chromosome 6p21.2-p11 short tandem-repeat polymorphic markers, seven multiplex pedigrees with classic JME. When lod scores for small multiplex families are added to lod scores of the LA-Belize pedigree, Zmax values for D6S294 and D6S257 are > 7 (theta m = f = .000). Our results prove that in chromosome 6p21.2-p11 an epilepsy locus exists whose phenotype consists of classic JME with convulsions and/or EEG rapid multispike wave complexes.
 ...
PMID:Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy locus in chromosome 6p21.2-p11: linkage to convulsions and electroencephalography trait. 766 63

Both linkage and association studies provide strong evidence that a gene locus on chromosome 6 is involved in the expression of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), an adolescent-onset form of primary idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). This epilepsy-related gene locus, designated EJM-1, may also influence the expression of other forms of IGE. We report here evidence that at least one form of epilepsy that is similar to JME--pure, adolescent-onset grand mal epilepsy in which the seizures occur at any time during waking--is not linked to the EJM-1 locus. However, we also have evidence that another form of pure, adolescent-onset grand mal that occurs on awakening is linked to the EJM-1 locus and may be genetically the same as JME. This work suggests that clinically similar epileptic syndromes may have different genetic bases and underscores the critical importance of careful clinical observations in studying the genetics of the epilepsies.
 ...
PMID:The genetics of idiopathic generalized epilepsies of adolescent onset: differences between juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and epilepsy with random grand mal and with awakening grand mal. 774 11

Electroencephalogram (EEG) of 524 Tanzanian epileptic patients seen between 1985 and 1987 were reviewed. Over two thirds were young patients between the ages of five and thirty. Four hundred and fifty (86%) had abnormal records. Eighty nine per cent of abnormal records had focal abnormality and 11% had centrencephalic abnormality. Grand mal seizures did not imply centrencephalic abnormality, only 13% had such abnormality. Petit mal seizures are rare, over one third of these had temporal focal abnormality. Partial seizures were associated highly with focal abnormality. However, complex partial seizures did not imply temporal focal abnormality. Implications of EEG findings to correlation with epileptic seizures is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Electroencephalographic findings in Tanzanian epileptic patients. 783 7

Electroencephalogram (EEG) of 524 Tanzanian epileptic patients seen between 1985 and 1988 were reviewed after a description and classification of seizures. Over two thirds were young patients between the age of five and thirty. The majority (86%) had abnormal records. Of these, 89% of abnormal records had focal abnormality and 11% had centrencephalic abnormality. Grand mal seizures did not imply centrencephalic abnormality, only 13% had such abnormality. Absence seizures are rare and over one third of these had temporal focal abnormality. Partial seizures were associated highly with focal abnormality. However, complex partial seizures did not imply temporal focal abnormality. Implications of EEG findings to correlation with epileptic seizures is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Electroencephalographic findings in epileptic patients in Tanzania. 806 70

In this paper, three cases of grand mal seizures are reported as a complication of pefloxacin at usual doses (400 mg twice a day) in patients with cirrhosis. Grand mal seizures occurred from 12 h to 8 days after the onset of pefloxacin treatment. In 1 case, seizures recurred after inadvertent rechallenge with the drug. Elevated pefloxacin serum levels were demonstrated in 2 cases. Brain computed tomography in all 3 cases and cerebrospinal fluid examination showed normal results. No etiology other than pefloxacin overdose was found. After pefloxacin withdrawal, no recurrence of seizures were observed. Therefore, when pefloxacin treatment is indicated for cirrhotic patients, a reduced dosage and/or careful monitoring of pefloxacin serum levels should be recommended.
 ...
PMID:Grand mal seizures as a complication of treatment with pefloxacin in patients with cirrhosis. A report of three cases. 815 Oct 98

Transplantation for end-stage respiratory failure in cystic fibrosis (CF), with encouraging medium-term results, is now possible. This paper details the postoperative medical treatment required by these patients. The management of 79 patients who underwent heart-lung transplantation is described. Details of intensive care, postoperative care, long-term follow-up, and the problems specific for cystic fibrosis patients are reported. The duration of care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was 1-93 days (median 5 days). Intubation was required for 7 h to 93 days (median 48 h), and 11 patients required haemodiafiltration. High doses of cyclosporin A (mean 22 mg.kg-1 q.d.) were required. Acute rejection was common. There were 133 episodes of infection: bacterial 115, viral 11, and other organisms 7. Grand mal seizures occurred in 10 patients, lymphoproliferative disorders in 4, and obliterative bronchiolitis in 17. The median duration of hospital stay was 32 days. Despite having a multi-system disease, patients with CF can be successfully transplanted, if detailed attention is paid to their complex medical management.
 ...
PMID:The medical management of patients with cystic fibrosis following heart-lung transplantation. 837 Apr 45


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>