Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two vaccinia viruses isolated from patients with vaccinial complications (vaccinial ulcer, postvaccinial seizures) showed qualitative differences from the original parental strain. After intradermal injection of the viruses into the rabbit marked necroses developed, which the original strains did not produce. While the parental virus did not grow on the chorioallantoic membrane at 41 degrees C after 2 days incubation, the vaccinia variant produced typical lesions at that temperature. Also the yield of infectious virus on various cell systems was 1--2.5 logs higher for the virus than for the original vaccine strain. With the plaque technique differences were seen in the appearance and size of plaques between the variant and the parental vaccinia strain. These results indicate that virus of an increased pathogenicity could be isolated from the patients and this might be causally connected with the postvaccinial complications from which they were suffering.
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PMID:Vaccinia virus variants as presumable cause of vaccinial complications. 118 Jun 97

Twenty severely retarded institutionalized epileptic adults with phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia were divided into two groups and received a daily 3 mg capsule of either folic acid or lactose for 16 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, parallel study. Serum folate and phenytoin levels were recorded at baseline and on completion of the study. Twelve areas of the gingiva on each patient were graded at 4-week intervals for 16 weeks with respect to the three indexes: hyperplasia, gingival health, and plaque index. There were no significant differences between treatment groups for any of the three indexes over time. The poststudy serum folate levels were three times baseline levels for the active drug group (p less than 0.001) but unchanged in the placebo group. Phenytoin blood levels that began within the therapeutic window (10 to 20 micrograms/ml) tended to remain within the therapeutic window for both groups, with no reported seizure activity. A single daily oral 3 mg capsule of folic acid did not show efficacy as the sole therapeutic agent in the reduction of phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia.
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PMID:The administration of folic acid to institutionalized epileptic adults with phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study. 182 61

The purpose of the present study was to investigate, on a longitudinal basis, the effectiveness of a specific preventive dental program for patients who are taking phenytoin for seizure control. The results confirm that a preventive dental program, consisting on frequent prophylaxis and plaque control, is effective in minimizing clinically gingival enlargement associated with phenytoin therapy, even in patients who present histological aspects of gingival hyperplasia.
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PMID:[Oral hygiene in subjects treated with diphenylhydantoin: effects of a professional program]. 194 70

Thirteen patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) were studied with electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), evoked potentials and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. We attempted to correlate the findings with physical disability as defined by Kurtzke score and presence of dementia or seizures. More severe plaque disease on MRI and increased physical disability correlated significantly with abnormality on brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) while visual evoked potential (VEP) abnormality correlated only with MRI findings. No such correlation was found with the EEG. The close relationship between BAEP and MRI abnormalities probably reflects frequent involvement of brain-stem corticospinal pathways.
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PMID:Evoked potentials and EEG in multiple sclerosis. 244 67

A 59-year-old female of facial myokymia with multiple sclerosis was reported. In this case, facial myokymia appeared at the same time as the first attack of multiple sclerosis, in association with paroxysmal pain and desesthesia of the neck, painful tonic seizures of the right upper and lower extremities and cervical transverse myelopathy. The facial myokymia consisted of grossly visible, continuous, fine and worm-like movement, which often began in the area of the left orbicularis oculi and spread to the other facial muscles on one side. Electromyographic studies revealed grouping of motor units and continuous spontaneous rhythmic discharges in the left orbicularis oris suggesting facial myokymia, but there were no abnormalities on voluntary contraction. Sometimes doublet or multiplet patterns occurred while at other times the bursts were of single motor potential. The respective frequencies were 3-4/sec and 40-50/sec. There was no evidence of fibrillation. The facial myokymia disappeared after 4-8 weeks of administration of prednisolone and did not recur. In the remission stage after disappearance of the facial myokymia, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging by the inversion recovery method demonstrated low intensity demyelinated plaque in the left lateral tegmentum of the inferior pons, which was responsible for the facial myokymia, but X-ray computed tomography revealed no pathological findings. The demyelinated plaque demonstrated by NMR imaging seemed to be located in the infranuclear area of the facial nerve nucleus and to involve the intramedurally root.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in a case of facial myokymia with multiple sclerosis]. 404 Dec 89

Oral conditions were studied in 48 children and adolescents who, during short or long periods, had been assigned to anti-epileptic drug treatment with carbamazepine or phenytoin. The individuals were diagnosed as suffering from partial seizures or generalized tonic-clonic seizures and were distributed between three test groups according to the drug selected for treatment; patients on active carbamazepine (I) or phenytoin (II) medication, and patients previously treated with phenytoin (III). Untreated, newly diagnosed epileptics served as controls. The results showed that individuals treated with carbamazepine for an average of 3 years displayed no intra-oral side-effects from the drug treatment. Compared with those on carbamazepine medication the subjects treated with phenytoin demonstrated a significantly greater number of gingival units with increased probing depths, lower saliva secretion rates and lower salivary buffer capacities. In all groups a majority of the individuals showed unsatisfactory plaque control. As a consequence of the results of the investigation it appears justified, from a dental point of view, to support carbamazepine as the first drug of choice for treatment of the types of seizures mentioned.
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PMID:Effects of anti-epileptic drug treatment with carbamazepine or phenytoin on the oral state of children and adolescents. 681 38

Unstimulated and stimulated whole and unstimulated and stimulated parotid saliva were collected from subjected in three groups: I, control; II, seizure subjects ingesting phenytoin and without gingival overgrowth; III, seizure subjects receiving phenytoin and with grades 1 and 2 gingival overgrowth. Unstimulated whole saliva was obtained from mentally retarded donors with grade 3 phenytoin associated gingival overgrowth. The samples were analyzed for protein, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin and aggregation capacity towards Streptococcus sanguis. Differences occurred in the salivary composition of patients ingesting phenytoin. No deficiencies of flow rate, protein or the specific proteins were found in subjects ingesting phenytoin. Instead, the only changes in these parameters were greater concentrations or secretion rates. Several differences occurred only in subjects with gingival overgrowth. These latter differences were prominent in unstimulated whole saliva. The data demonstrate changes in the oral cavity environment of patients ingesting phenytoin. These differences, however, do not have an obvious relationship to development of phenytoin associated gingival overgrowth. Some of the salivary changes occurred in patients undergoing therapy for seizures both with phenytoin and with other drugs. Increased amounts of unstimulated whole saliva components likely are due to excess tissue rather than a phenytoin effect on salivary gland secretions. In addition, most of the changes in salivary composition would not be expected to produce an environment the encourages plaque accumulation.
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PMID:Salivary composition, phenytoin ingestion and gingival overgrowth. 694 8

A 30-year-old man had signs of a lumbosacral skin plaque, called "shagreen patch", and mental retardation. He had been treated as genuine epilepsy for more than twenty years. Neither significant abnormalities nor facial angiofibroma (adenoma sebaceum) were detected on physical and neurological examinations. Brain CT revealed calcified subependymal nodules. A T2-weighted brain MRI presented high signal intensity regions affecting the cerebral cortex, which suggested tuberous lesions. Echocardiography showed high echoic lesions on the left ventricular wall and papillary muscles, suggesting calcification. The case was diagnosed as suffering from "forme fruste" of tuberous sclerosis. The three criteria typical of tuberous sclerosis (facial angiofibroma, seizure and mental retardation) were not satisfied. The "forme fruste" variant is less known, because the pattern of involvement varies, and it may clinically simulate genuine epilepsy.
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PMID:[A case of "forme fruste" of tuberous sclerosis having been treated as genuine epilepsy]. 782 Sep 71

In a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS), dysphasic seizures were the only manifestation of a relapse. There was a strong correlation between time course of seizures and EEG, and between a localized EEG focus and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-verified encephalitic plaque in the left temporal lobe.
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PMID:Simple dysphasic seizures as the sole manifestation of relapse in multiple sclerosis. 798 31

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis was investigated by using an experimental model of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis in Lewis rats. The expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA determined by Northern blotting was observed first in the olfactory bulb and the brain stem on day 5 after intranasal inoculation of HSV-1, and thereafter iNOS mRNA was detected in other brain regions, i.e., cerebrum and cerebellum. In various parts of the brain, excessive NO production was identified by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The temporal and spatial patterns of iNOS expression coincided with those of viral propagation, as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction for HSV-1 gene expression as well as by the plaque-forming assay. Immunohistochemical study determined that iNOS was localized mainly in monocyte-derived macrophages. Treatment of virus-infected animals with the NOS inhibitor Nomega-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA), but not Nomega-monomethyl-d-arginine, significantly ameliorated not only clinical symptoms such as paralysis and seizures but also mortality. Virus yield from brain tissue was not affected by l-NMMA treatment. It is of interest that increased expression of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 was observed in the HSV-1-infected brain; this increased expression was strongly inhibited by l-NMMA treatment. These data suggest that the high level of NO produced by iNOS is a pathogenic factor in HSV-1-induced encephalitis in rats.
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PMID:Role of nitric oxide in pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in rats. 1019 Nov 85


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