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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four cases on a combination of lithium and thioridazine developed severe neurotoxic symptoms, e.g., delirium, seizures, encephalopathy and grossly abnormal EEG's. All patients had been on lithium without thioridazine prior to and after the neurotoxic episode with no complications or EEG changes. The possible risk of combining lithium and neuroleptics (thioridazine) is discussed and repeated EEGs are recommended as a preventive measure.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity with combined use of lithium and thioridazine. 10 47

The occurrence of cerebral seizures in alcoholics was investigated in case histories of 84 delirious and nondelirious male patients. Eighteen patients had seizures before they became alcoholics; the frequency of the seizures increased during abuse. Twelve had no deliria at all up to the moment of this investigation; in 66 of the patients the occurrence of seizures was assumed to be caused by alcohol abuse alone. Seventy-one patients had seizures irrespective of deliria and nearly 40% of them had no deliria at all. In 21% we observed only deliria with seizures; in 16% only deliria without seizures; and 24% had deliria both with and without seizures. The remaining 13 patients of 84 had only deliria complicated by cerebral seizures; only 3 had deliria without seizures. The seizures occurred as grand mal in 94% of the alcoholics, in all patients with genuine epilepsy, and in 60% of the patients with post-traumatic epilepsy.
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PMID:[Cerebral seizures, alcoholism, and deliria (author's transl)]. 12 Jul 31

Fifty chronic alcoholics (37 men and 13 women, ages 26--55, mean age 39.9 years) with different clinical syndromes (alcoholic psychosis, alcoholic encephalopathies) were studied by computerized cranial tomography. Cerebral atrophy was detected in 96% of all cases. Combined cortical and subcortical signs were encountered in almost all cases. Cortical atrophy seemed to be detectable more easily by CT than by pneumencephalography. The computerized tomographic findings were studied in their relations to age, sex, duration of abuse, clinical syndromes, frequency of relapse (and seizures, too), etc. Cerebral atrophy was correlated primarily with the subjects' age and the duration, and less with the intensity of alcoholism. The most distinct changes were found in delirium syndromes and, in cases with relapse of psychosis, especially in combination with seizures. Wernicke-Korsakow encephalopathies showed the widest third ventricles when combined with repeated syndromes of withdrawal in their case histories. Computerized tomographic examinations of ten patients during acute psychosis as well as 4 weeks later showed identical findings; transitory changes, e.g., cerebral edema, were not detected. Computerized cranial tomography appears to be extremely useful to study the numerous open questions concerning the pathogenetic role of age, duration, and severity of abuse with cerebral atrophy.
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PMID:[Brain atrophy in chronic alcoholism. Clinical and computer tomographic study]. 73 66

Clinical experience seems to indicate two separate types of entry to coma. Some patients follow a pathway characterized by confusion, hallucinations, mumbling delirium, myoclonic jerks, and seizures. The author has called this sequence of symptoms the high road to coma and hypothesized that its basic underlying pathophysiology involves increased neuronal firing rates. Other patients develop somnolence, lethargy, obtundation, and unresponsiveness without seizures or muscle twitches. This low road to coma involves either anatomical compression of the midbrain reticular formation or a metabolic or toxic disorder characterized by membrane stabilization and decreased neuronal excitability.
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PMID:Two roads to coma: the Scottish hypothesis. 94 May 9

Although there is evidence that the delirium, stupor, coma, and seizure-like activity seen in overdosage with tricyclic antidepressants and antiparkinson drugs are due to the central anticholinergic activity of these agents, patients with overdosage of these drugs are still frequently misdiagnosed. The authors present a case of reversal of anticholinergic-drug-induced prolonged coma, myoclonus, and choreoathetosis by physostigmine. This report supports the anticholinergic basis of the clinical manifestations of such overdosages, provides information on the role of acetylcholine and dopamine in psychiatric and movement disorders, and illustrates dramatically the need for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Reversal of tricyclic-overdosage-induced central anticholinergic syndrome by physostigmine. 96 21

Among 1,459 autopsied patients with cancer, 12 had multifocal infarcts of the brain that appeared to be caused by intravascular coagulation. Most of these patients were women with leukemia or lymphoma, and all had a clinical course in which neurologic signs and symptoms were prominent. All had evidence of generalized brain disease (delirium and stupor or coma), and several also had focal brain disease (focal seizures, hemiparesis). All patients had laboratory evidence of coagulation abnormalities, although these were often not severe when neurologic symptoms began. Pathologically, there were multifocal hemorrhagic or ischemic infarcts in the distribution of several cerebral vessels, without a systemic source for cerebral emboli. Fibrin thrombi were identified in cerebral vessels and in vessels of several other organs. The clinical findings fit the pathologic picture, and in most instances the correct diagnosis might have been made earlier had it been considered.
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PMID:Neurologic manifestations of intravascular coagulation in patients with cancer. A clinicopathologic analysis of 12 cases. 117 2

Transient psychotic episodes may result from continuous cerebral epileptiform discharges unaccompanied by clinically observed seizures. Such episodes may mimic depressive, hysterical and schizophrenic psychosis and delirium. I describe two patients here and review eight patient histories from the literature. Diagnosis is established by use of electroencephalography during the psychotic episode. Correct diagnosis is essential because specific treatment is available and additional episodes may be prevented by appropriate long-term anticonvulsant therapy.
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PMID:Transient ictal psychosis. 118 Jun 71

The authors review the literature describing the neural symptoms induced by tricyclic antidepressants, especially tremor, seizures, akathisia, myoclonus, dyskinesia and delirium. Sedation, modifications of sleep, memory and appetite are also described. Tremor and myoclonus are the most frequent drug-induced neural symptoms. Delirium is most often caused by high-dosage treatments. The pathophysiology of akathisia and dyskinesia raises important questions concerning the mode of action of antidepressants.
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PMID:Neural symptoms induced by tricyclic antidepressants: phenomenology and pathophysiology. 131 56

The authors report 6 cases of acute frontal syndrome following severe seizures of frontal origin. The study of the 6 cases shows the place of disorders in affectivity, behavior, judgement and motor activity; such features changing over time. The relationship between the frontal syndrome and epilepsy is suggested by the fact that the frontal syndrome appears after an increased frequency of frontal seizures, with prolonged discharges of generalized or frontal spikes. The frontal syndrome disappears slowly with the epileptic discharges, and no frontal lesion is found on CT-Scan. Such cases suggest that the frontal syndrome is functional, linked to the localization of the epileptic discharges; it may be regarded as a post-critic deficit, and must be differentiated from a post-critic delirium or a psychotic state.
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PMID:[Difficulties in diagnosis of frontal syndrome in epileptic children: clinical, diagnostic, physiopathological aspects. Apropos of 6 cases]. 132 13

We report on a case of Sharp syndrome which was diagnosed late in on 11-year old boy. After 5 years of corticosteroid treatment, he presented with myopericardic aggravation, glomerular disease, and seizures with delirium, which responded to high-dose steroid therapy with early switch using synthetic antimalarial drugs. Six years later the results are still satisfactory.
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PMID:[Sharp syndrome in an infant: a case report]. 133 76


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