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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Central nervous system cysticercosis is common in countries where Taenia solium occurs in pigs and the level of hygiene and sanitation is low. The clinical presentation may include epileptic seizures, focal neurological deficits, hydrocephalus, or aseptic meningitis. The disease is frequently seen in California residents of Hispanic origin. It sometimes occurs in whites from homes that employ Hispanic cooks. Diagnosis is often difficult. Computerized tomography scan and brain biopsy are the most reliable diagnostic procedures, but each has its limitations. We have found that a radioimmunoassay improves our diagnostic capability, and more recently we have adapted this to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that is equally sensitive and specific and, in addition, obviates the need for radioactive materials. Details of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure and its application to the diagnosis of central nervous system cysticercosis form the basis of this report.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis. 638 80

The authors report a case of a female patient, age 22, who presented episodes of focal seizures, right hemiparesis and dysphasia of five months duration. The neurologic exam revealed bilateral papilledema and computarized tomography of the head showed a cystic lesion (70X77 mm) in the left fronto-temporo-parietal area, midline shift and similar lesions scattered in the brain parenchyma. She was submitted to a left craniotomy with the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis and the major cyst (Cysticercus racemosus) and a small cortical cyst (10X10 mm) were removed to aliviate the increased intracraneal pressure and for histopathological examination. Thirteen days after surgery she was discharged without neurological deficits, except mild papilledema. One month later she was treated with praziquantel (50 mg/kg/day) during 21 days. The CSF examination was normal before the treatment started and showed a transient eosinophilic cellular reaction with positivation of the complement fixation test for cysticercosis while on treatment. The CT-Scan performed before the medical treatment revealed ventricular dilatation and several low density areas (10 to 40 mm) scattered in the cerebral parenchyma, including the operative site. CT-Scan performed three months later showed small low density areas only in the left cerebral hemisphere, including the operative site, calcification in the parenchyma, and slight dilatation of the left lateral ventricle. The clinical evolution was uneventful and the neurologic examination was normal three months later.
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PMID:[Tumor form of neurocysticercosis: surgical removal of a cysticercus measuring 70X77 mm and treatment with praziquantel]. 646 48

In a group of forty cases of cysticercosis of the central nervous system, 59% presented with intracranial hypertension due to obstructive hydrocephalus. Ventricular or cisternal cysts, and chronic cysticercus meningitis were the most common causes of hydrocephalus. Seizures occurred in 40% of the patients, in one-half of them in association with CT-detected parenchymatous cysts. In 20% of the cases progressive mental deterioration was the main clinical feature, at times associated with hydrocephalus. CT scan provided the highest diagnostic yield, being abnormal in 90% of cases. Long term prognosis was poor, with a mortality rate of 38% over a 40-month follow-up period. The most common cause of death (60%) was meningitis. CSF shunting is the treatment of choice for hydrocephalus, irrespective of its mechanism. Surgical resection is indicated in some cases with a single superficial (cortical) or posterior fossa cyst. Supratentorial cysts carry a relatively benign prognosis.
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PMID:Cysticercosis of the central nervous system: clinical and therapeutic considerations. 647 Jul 20

A case of human cysticercosis presenting with symmetric painless enlargement of muscles and seizures is presented. The patient had multiple subcutaneous nodules but no features of raised intracranial pressure. Muscle biopsy revealed densely packed cysticerci in calf muscles. Subcutaneous nodule biopsy was also confirmatory. So far sixteen cases have been described in the world literature and only one from outside India.
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PMID:Uncommon manifestation of human cysticercosis with muscular pseudohypertrophy. 661 75

Cerebral cysticercosis was studied in 131 children. The patients were divided into two groups, confirmed and probable cysticercosis. The clinical picture may be divided into two stages: initial stage of acute invasion and chronic encephalitic stage. Symptoms in the initial stage are headache, vomiting, fever, myalgia, abdominal pain, seizures and psychotic reactions. In the initial stage only cerebral edema can be seen in the computed tomography (CT) scan. In the chronic stage, variability of symptomatology is great, and it is in this phase that cysticerci can be seen in the CT scan. Only 66 out of the 131 patients studied had CT performed. The computed tomographic sequence of parenchymatous brain cysticercosis is described. A feature not previously reported was the presence of transient arterial hypertension due to cerebral cysticercosis found in four cases.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations and sequential computed tomography scans of cerebral cysticercosis in childhood. 661 86

Cerebral cysticercosis is no longer an uncommon disease in areas such as Southern California to which there is extensive travel and immigration from adjoining areas in which the disease is endemic. The diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis should be entertained in patients from such an endemic area when they present with neurological symptoms and characteristic CT findings. There is no specific or definitive therapy for the disease; treatment should be directed at alleviating its manifestations. We recommend surgical consideration in those patients with hydrocephalus, intraventricular cysts, solitary cysts producing uncontrolled seizures, and solitary cysts producing significant mass lesion effect.
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PMID:Cerebral cysticercosis: surgical considerations. 668 38

In the course of cerebral cysticercosis our patient suffered from severe headaches due to cerebral pressure raise and focal seizures. Diagnosis was assessed by computed tomography only. Serological confirmation followed later. By treatment with praziquantel there was an essential improvement of seizure frequency and headaches. A CT-control after treatment showed a reduction of cyst volume. These findings are discussed as to their clinical significance.
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PMID:[Cerebral cysticercosis. A report on the treatment with praziquantel]. 671 7

A case of cerebral cysticercosis with both generalized and partial (multifocal) seizures is described. The diagnosis was not possible with traditional (pre-CT) procedures, but CT disclosed a very characteristic pattern. This disease, rare in our country, is very common elsewhere, particularly in South America, where epilepsy of recent onset in an adult or symptoms increased intracranial pressure always suggest this possible etiology.
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PMID:Diffuse cerebral cysticercosis: clinical and CT findings in a case. 686 49

The computed tomographic (CT) scans of 45 patients (30 adults, 15 children) with cerebral cysticercosis were reviewed. These patients had undergone complete diagnostic evaluations including skin tests, laboratory tests, plain skull radiography, radionuclide brain scanning, CT, and cerebral angiography. All of these tests were unrewarding except CT and the indirect hemagglutination test on the serum. A classification of cerebral cysticercosis based on the location of the lesions in the brain and the CT appearance was developed. Cerebral cysticercosis can be diagnosed by CT findings when there is also a history of seizures and of the patient having lived in an area where the disease is endemic.
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PMID:The computed tomographic appearance of cerebral cysticercosis in adults and children. 711 30

We reviewed the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment in 127 cases of cysticercosis cerebri. The chief syndromes were seizures (55.1%), hydrocephalus (37.8%), and stroke (11.8%). Serum or CSF indirect hemagglutination titers, determined in 101 patients, were positive in 84.1% of those with CSF pleocytosis but in only 42.1% of those without. Computed tomography (CT), employed in 85 patients, showed typical multiple calcifications in 64.7%. The CT scans were most useful in the surgical treatment of ventriculomeningeal infestation. Ventricular shunt implantation was performed in 40 patients with hydrocephalus and produced marked improvement in 32. Cyst resection was necessary only for patients with rapidly enlarging fourth ventricle cysts.
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PMID:Cysticercosis cerebri. Review of 127 cases. 711 41


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