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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-four patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, resistant to medication, who in 1960-1969 underwent unilateral temporal lobe resection at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. In only 12 patients was no etiological factor found. In three-quarters of the patients a peri- or postnatal injury was the suspected etiology of the epilepsy; and in one-third, a history of complications in the actual and/or abnormal outcome of a previous pregnancy was recorded. Only seven patients had experienced febrile convulsions. Patients with certain combinations of etiological factors, including encephalitis, have a poor prognosis regarding relief from seizures. Patients in whom an abnormal outcome of the mother's previous pregnancies is recorded have a poor prognosis as regards psychiatric normalization. Apart from this no correlation has been found between the surgical results and the numbers or types of the various etiological factors.
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PMID:Temporal lobe epilepsy. Etiological factors and surgical results. 126 62

If the patterns of seizure disorders in parents and offspring could be assessed accurately, some insight might be gained into the relative role of genetic and environmental factors in the development of convulsive disorders. In this study 908 children born in a Rochester, Minnesota hospital from 1922 through 1972 whose mother or father had a verified and classified diagnosis of seizure have been followed from birth for evidence of any convulsive episode or seizure disorder. The observed numbers of various types of convulsions in the offspring are compared to the expected the number based on local age-specific incidence rates. The outstanding finding was that a higher than expected number of children whose mothers had epilepsy also suffered from seizures (epilepsy or febrile convulsions), whereas no such increase was detected among the children of affected fathers.
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PMID:Seizure disorders in offspring of parents with a history of seizures - a maternal-paternal difference? 126 85

Simple febrile convulsions occur in otherwise normal children, aged six months to five years, with extracranial infection. Cerebrospinal fluid examination should be done on all children with their first febrile convulsion to rule out an underlying organic disease, especially purulent meningitis. Initial treatment includes antipyretics, tepid sponging and intramuscular phenobarbital. If a seizure recurs, the usual anticonvulsant measures should be carried out and, if prolonged, the patient should receive appropriated doses of diazepam or phenobarbital, intravenously. Patients with suspected epileptic convulsive disorders precipitated by fever, or those with seizures thought to be associated with underlying organic disease, should be hospitalized for further evaluation or treatment or both. Patients with simple febrile convulsions have a benign disorder and can be safely treated as outpatients.
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PMID:Simple febrile convulsions. 127 94

To assess the incidence of febrile seizures in The Netherlands, we analyzed data from a population-based study carried out in 161 Dutch general practices. The overall incidence rate was 4.8/1,000 person-years. Considerable age and seasonal variation was found. The chance of a child suffering a febrile seizure in the course of the relevant age period (3-72 months) is 2.7%. One out of 3 children was referred to hospital. This is considerably less than in other countries. The incidence rates are similar to those found in the United States, England and Sweden, but differ from Asian studies.
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PMID:Incidence of febrile seizures in The Netherlands. 129 79

Seizures precipitated by the stimulus of hot water known as 'hot water epilepsy' (HWE) have been commonly reported from South India. The present report outlines certain descriptive epidemiological aspects of 78 cases from two rural satellite clinics of National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India. Geographical clustering was observed in one of the centres. HWE was common in the age group of 26-35 years with a male to female ratio of 3.6:1. The frequency of seizure occurrence was more than 1-4 attacks/month in 89% of cases. Past history of febrile convulsions and family history of HWE was noticed in 27 and 18% of our cases, respectively. The conversion of reflex to nonreflex epilepsy occurred in 30.8% of cases. Population-based epidemiological studies are essential for further understanding of HWE for developing strategies towards prevention and control.
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PMID:Correlates of hot water epilepsy in rural south India: a descriptive study. 129 80

Intermittent prophylaxis with oral diazepam is presented as an optional treatment for febrile seizures. This proposition is justified by the severe side effects of the currently used chronic anticonvulsant drug therapy in febrile seizures (phenobarbital and valproate). Nineteen patients aged between 3 months and 5 years were treated. They had either simple or complex febrile seizures. Sixteen patients had at least one prognostic factor for recurrence of febrile seizures: first febrile seizure before 15 months of age, positive family history for epilepsy or febrile seizures, occurrence of a complex febrile seizure or abnormal neurological examination. Three patients had none (cases 8, 12 and 13). We recommended 2.5mg b.i.d. for children younger than 12 months, 5mg b.i.d. for children older than 12 months and younger than 3 years, and 7.5 b.i.d. for children older than 3 years. The results showed that only one patient had febrile convulsions while taking adequate diazepam dosage. Transient side effects occurred in 36.8% of the cases.
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PMID:[Intermittent prophylaxis in febrile convulsions with oral diazepam]. 130 84

We have studied 124 children with typical absence epilepsy. The onset of symptoms was in 12% under 4 years, in 51% between 4-8 years and in 37% above 8 years. The F:M ratio was 2:1 in children under 4 years versus 1:1 above 8 years. Absences alone occurred in 82% and absences followed or preceded by generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) in 6.5% and 11%, respectively. Simple absences were not seen in children under 4 years and were more frequent (14%) in the 4-8 years age group. Family history was positive for epilepsy in 20% and febrile convulsion in 7%. Sixteen percent had a positive past history of febrile convulsions. All patients showed bilateral, synchronous spike-wave discharges from 2.5 to 4 c/s. Lateralized spikes, spike-slow wave complexes were found in 27%. Photosensitivity was present in 18% and was marked in 12%. Monotherapy with sodium valproate or ethosuximide (91% SV) was successful in 85% of patients with absences alone and 68% of the absences with GTCS. Only 2% were not fully controlled either on monotherapy or polytherapy. Treatment was withdrawn in 41 patients and 13 relapsed. We have identified four factors associated with relapses: (a) poor initial response to treatment, (b) lateralized focal EEG abnormality and/or marked photosensitivity, (c) the evolution to myoclonic epilepsy, and (d) early withdrawal of AED (< 3 years).
Seizure 1992 Dec
PMID:Absence epilepsy: early prognostic signs. 134 78

Should certain drugs be contraindicated in children who have had febrile seizures or who present a risk of convulsions? There are no publications dealing specifically with this problem. However, many drugs can induce convulsions and may be dangerous if they are associated with another determining factor (e.g. fever). Camphor known to be toxic and its use must be avoided in young children. Other terpenes given to children with colds may be convulsant if they are used for prolonged treatment or associated with other convulsant drugs (sympathomimetics, piperazine derivatives, antihistamines, etc.). On the basis of a retrospective study of 23 cases of febrile convulsion among 343 cases of infantile convulsion reported to the Poison Control Center and the Pharmacovigilance Center of Marseille between 1973 and 1991, we propose that camphor and sympathomimetics be avoided and that potential convulsant drugs and their association be used with caution. A prospective study is underway to determine responsibility of certain drugs in the occurrence of recurrence of febrile convulsions.
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PMID:[Febrile convulsions: should some drugs be contraindicated?]. 136 40

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using perfusion tracers makes it possible to estimate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and, indirectly, local brain metabolism. It may be possible to detect and follow physiopathological alterations, such as may be seen in seizure disorders. The authors review the principles of and some data on perfusion SPECT in seizure disorders, stress advantages as well as major drawbacks and add their initial experience with Tc-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) SPECT in febrile convulsions.
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PMID:Single photon emission computed tomography using perfusion tracers in seizure disorders. 139 39

Counting of neurons has brought new insight to the mechanism of epilepsy. The reduction in Purkinje cells and neuron loss in hippocampus are related to generalized convulsions in man. Generalized convulsions provoked by electric shock in rats do not result in neuron loss. However, mongolian gerbils from seizure-susceptible strains with "spontaneous" seizures of various types, have a reduced number of H1-neurons and Purkinje cells after only a restricted number of seizures of any type. Loss of neurons is a possible consequence of generalized convulsions. Even "seizure activity", as such, seems to damage nerve cells. The consequence is early effective treatment in such cases where epilepsy is a secondary threat as in febrile convulsions, post-traumatic, post-infectious and post-infarction epilepsy.
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PMID:Quantitative neuropathology in epilepsy. 141 62


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