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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Electrolytic lesions of the median raphe nucleus and substantia nigra markedly increased susceptibility to pentetrazole seizures in rats. L-5-hydroxytryptophan, considerably increasing the serotonin (5-HT) level in the brain, markedly inhibited the seizures and abolished the seizure-enhanced effect of lesion of the substantia nigra. L-DOPA tended to potentiate the seizures-enhancing effect produced by lesions of the median raphe nucleus. The changes in the brain 5-HT level and the intensity of pentetrazole seizures were correlated. The results indicate that the balance between neurotransmitter systems in the brain is of importance to the susceptibility to pentetrazole convulsions.
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PMID:The effect of L-DOPA and L-5-hydroxytryptophan on the pentetrazole seizures in rats after lesions of the median raphe nucleus and substantia nigra. 31 24

A decrease in brain GABA concentration has been implied as the cause of convulsions induced by hyperbaric oxygen (HOP). We therefore examined the influence of sodium valproate, an anticonvulsant and GABA transaminase inhibitor on HOP-induced convulsions in rats. The mean latency of occurrence of the first electrical discharge in the ECoG and the appearance of the first clinical seizure in awake chronically implanted rats was unchanged by administration of sodium valproate prior to HOP exposure. We conclude that either the sodium valproate inhibition of GABA removal is insufficient to compensate for HOP inhibition of its production, or else that GABA concentration changes are not causally related to HOP-induced seizures.
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PMID:Influence of a GABA transaminase inhibitor on central nervous system oxygen toxicity. 35 31

Periodic brain stimulation, particularly in the limbic system, at stimulus intensities initially too low to produce any behavioural or EEG effects, progressively produces EEG changes, motor automatisms, and eventually convulsions, an effect called kindling. Data are presented and reviewed that suggest that the severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms progressively increases over years of alcohol abuse in a stepwise fashion similar to the kindling process. The model is presented that the limbic system hyperirritability which accompanies each alcohol withdrawal serves over time to kindle increasingly widespread subcortical structures. These long-term changes in neuronal excitability might relate to the progression of alcohol withdrawal symptoms from tremor to seizures and delirium tremens, as well as the alcoholic personality changes between episodes of withdrawal.
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PMID:Kindling as a model for alcohol withdrawal syndromes. 35 67

58 patients, whose convulsions and behavioral disorders did not respond to nonsurgical therapy, were treated with stereotactic amygdalotomy between 1963 and 1973. A retrospective study was carried out by a psychiatric research team 1--11 years postoperatively. Using reliable objective methods of assessment they found that 50% operated primarily for seizures, 33% for uncontrolled conduct disorders and 50% with both conditions seemed improved after surgery.
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PMID:Stereotactic amygdalotomy for convulsive and behavioral disorders. Long-term follow-up study. 36 1

Depakine Labaz in doses from 30 to 1200 mg daily was given to 52 patients in an outpatient clinic. In 13% of cases symptoms of drug intolerance developed and the treatment had to be discontinued. In 45 cases treatment was continued. The drug was given usually to patients refractory to previous drugs, with evidence of organic brain disease. The highest degree of clinical improvement was observed in patients with grand mal seizures and seizures without convulsions. The influence of this treatment of partial complex seizures was slightly smaller. The number of patients treated was too small for evaluation of the effects in partial simple seizures. The total proportion of improved patients was about 60%. In EEG curves normalization of background activity was the most frequent findings, without appearance of rapid activity. In some cases manifestation of focal changes was observed. The favourable effect of Depakine on seizure activity manifested itself in later period of treatment and was slight. The drug had a favourable effect on the wellbeing of patients and had no significant toxic effect in the liver or kidneys.
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PMID:[Preliminary evaluation of Depakine effects in epilepsy]. 37 Jun 75

Restrospective clinical profile of diarrhoeal disease in children admitted to the Pediatric Department, Ramathibodi Hospital during January to December 1977 was studied. A total of 144 medical records (55.6%) could be analysed; Rectal swab culture yielded enteropathogenic organisms in 47.2% of the cases consisting of 26.3% Salmonella, 16.0% sero typing positive E. coli and 3.5% Shigella. Clinical presentation of each group was presented which with the exception of neurological symptoms was in concordant with previous observations of several authors. Convulsion was more frequent in the Salmonella group, although dehydration and frebuency of stools were less severe. These cases seem to be highly infectious and tend to be more chronic with recurrences. It could be seen in all age group. Shigella was seen in infants 6 months old and older. Isolation of Rota-virus was not done, in none specific diarrhoeal groups (52.8%) many of which might have been due to Rota-virus. White blood count and differential count were of little value in differential diagnosis of the aetiology. Stool examination was helpful especially in Shigellosis and E. coli but there were no characteristic findings in Salmonella and non-specific groups. The overall mortality rate was 4.1%.
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PMID:Clinical profile of diarrhoea at Ramathibodi Hospital during 1977. 38 46

The central-nervous-system toxicities of local anesthetic mixtures consisting of lidocaine and etidocaine or lidocaine and tetracaine, administered intravenously to four healthy, non-medicated rhesus monkeys, were evaluated. Toxicities were compared by determining seizure dosages for each drug alone and then in a lidocaine-etidocaine-tetracaine mixture. Arterial plasma levels of lidocaine and etidocaine at which electrical seizure activity occurred also were measured when the drugs were administered alone and in combination. The seizure dosages and arterial plasma levels for the drug mixtures studied were equal to the sums of the dosages and thresholds for individual constituents of the mixtures. Under the conditions of this investigation local anesthetic toxicity was additive. (Key words: Anesthetics, local, lidocaine; Anesthetics, local, etidocaine; Anesthetics, local, tetracaine; Brain, seizure thresholds; Toxicity, convulsions.)
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PMID:Central-nervous-system toxicity of local anesthetic mixtures in monkeys. 40 68

A total of 142 patients (84 per cent aged less than 20 years) with various forms of generalized epilepsy have been treated with sodium valproate alone or in combination with other drugs. The mean duration of symptoms was six years, and half the patients had daily seizures. Nine patients had typical absences, 33 had absences with automatisms, 28 had tonic-clonic seizures with or without photosensitivity, and 72 had various forms of myoclonic epilepsy. Dosage varied from 23 to 54mg/kg and twice-daily administration was usual. Estimation of serum levels did not assist in management. Fits ceased in 63 per cent of all cases and a further 18 per cent showed improvement greater than 50 per cent. Of the 69 with 3c/sec spike-and-wave discharges, 81 per cent became free from all fits, as did 77 percent of those with myoclonic jerks. Fits ceased in eight of the 32 patients with myoclonic astatic epilepsy and there was improvement greater than 50 per cent in a further eight patients. Other anticonvulsants were often withdrawn and always reduced. 21 patients received sodium valproate alone from the start of treatment and all other drugs were withdrawn in another 38. Sodium valproate alone controlled all fits in four children with absences, in 18 with absences with automatisms, 10 with tonic-clonic seizures and 22 with myoclonic epilepsy. Side-effects were rare, mild and often temporary. Potentiation of barbiturates and benzodiazepines occurred, especially clonazepam, which should be avoided. Many patients were more alert. Sodium valproate appears to be the drug of choice for epilepsies associated with generalized spike-and-wave discharges, myoclonic epilepsies or photosensitive epilepsies, and is of especial value in children and mentally retarded patients because it lacks sedating effects and often induces liveliness.
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PMID:Treatment of generalized epilepsies of childhood and adolescence with sodium valproate ("epilim"). 40 4

203 epileptic children (127 boys, 76 girls), who had demonstrated at least once focal sharp waves in the EEG during the course were investigated regarding clinical and historical data as well as familial morbidity for seizures. Expectedly, the seizure symptomatology was multiform: focal seizures of different type, especially secondarily generalized, grand mal, psychomotor fits, infantile spasms etc. Organic brain lesions play an important role. In 23% of cases a familial seizure affliction can be registered. The morbidity (close family) is significantly lower than in families of patients with spike wave absences (2.5 and 4.4% resp., Doose et al. 1973). Like in spike wave absence epilepsies mothers and mothers' siblings are more often affected than fathers and fathers' siblings. Among the affected relatives grand mal epilepsies predominate. The increase of febrile convulsions and spike wave absences observed in the families of absence epileptics is not present. In probands with onset of epilepsy during early childhood a significantly increased familial affliction can be observed. A more extensive discussion of the results will follow in a second paper deeling with EEG findings in probands and siblings.
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PMID:Genetic factors in childhood epilepsy with focal sharp waves. I. Clinical data and familial morbidity for seizures. 40 82

In 17 patients with a long course of epilepsy astatic seizures became apparent after the age of 14 years. In the patients' childhood astatic seizures had not been observed. The patients suffered from epilepsies with absences and awakening grand mal or psychomotor fits and sleeping grand mal. The EEG revealed spike-wave variant and spike-and-wave complexes as in the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Age dependency of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is discussed. The described type of epilepsy can be understood as a "Lennox-Gastaut syndrome of late onset".
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PMID:Epilepsies with astatic seizures of late onset. 40 36


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