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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of ATP-ase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in crude mitochondrial fraction (CMF) and microsomal fraction of rat brain cortex and the spinal cord was studied in clonic seizures evoked by electroshock and 5 min after them. Inhibition of the Na, K-ATP-ase activity of the CMF of the brain at the clonic phase of convulsions and an increase in the activity of this enzyme in all the fractions of the tissues under study at the postconvulsive period were revealed. The activity of Ca-ATP-ase in the CMF of the brain increased during the convulsions and decreased at the postconfulsive period. The activity of Mg-ATP-ase remained unchanged. The AChE activity, as a rule increased during the convulsions, and grew even more during the postconvulsive period; the spinal cord tissue displayed a reduction of the activation effect. A possibility of structural reconstructions in the excitable neuron membranes during the convulsive activity is discussed.
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PMID:[Na, K-ATP-ase and acetylcholinesterase activity of the membrane structures of the rat brain and spinal cord during the seizure process]. 13 79

Three organo-selenium compounds have been synthetized : methyl seleno-2 benzoic acid, acetylseleno-2 benzoic acid and diselenosalicylic acid. These compounds induce convulsive seizures in the rat, the most active of them being methyl seleno 2 benzoic acid. Convulsions are stopped after anaesthesia with pentobarbitone.
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PMID:[Convulsive properties of various organoselenium compounds]. 15 Sep 32

Previous research has suggested that brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) neurons inhibit epileptiform seizure activity. To test further this possibility, experiments were performed to determine if brain 5-HT depletion would enhance the occurrence and/or magnitude of seizures "kindled" from the amygdala or neocortex of rats. Two modes of 5-HT depletion were used: (1) radiofrequency heat lesions of the midbrain dorsal and median raphe nuclei, and (2) systemic injection of the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA). Both modes of 5-HT depletion reliably enhanced the strength of motor convulsions kindled from the cortex. Systemic pCPA also reduced the duration of after-discharges (ADs) in cortically-stimulated rats. However, pCPA reduced rather than enhanced convulsions kindled from the amygdala. In contrast to this, raphe lesions appeared to sensitize rats to the effects of amygdaloid kindling, i.e., lesions lowered AD thresholds, AD durations and number of ADs to elicit motor convulsions. Viewed together, these data support the hypothesis that 5-HT neurons can serve to inhibit seizures. However, the lack of robustness across parameters of epileptogenesis as well as discrepant findings related to 5-HT depletion mode additionally suggest that kindled seizures affect other neuronal populations in addition to those under serotonergic influence.
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PMID:Effects of midbrain raphe lesions or systemic p-chlorophenylalanine on the development of kindled seizures in rats. 15 85

In doses of 160 and 80 mg/kg, isatin (2,3-dioxoindoline) significantly reduced the total incidence of audiogenic epileptic seizures in rats highly sensitive to an acoustic epileptogenic stimulus. The number of severest forms of seizure (running, clonic convulsions) was higher than in the control tests, however. The acoustic epileptogenic stimuls was applied one hour after the i.p. injection of isatin. At that time some postural reflexes were still inhibited after 160 mg isatin/kg, while after smaller doses they were already normal again. One hour after administering isatin there were marked changes in the electroencephalogram, the chief ones being an increase in rhythmic episodic activity against a desynchronization background and a decrease in slow wave sleep activity.
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PMID:Effect of isatin (2,3-dioxoindoline) on audiogenic seizures in rats and its relationship to electrographic and behavioural phenomena. 16 May 70

Current methods permit frequent, accurate serum anticonvulsant drug concentration measurements and continuous, 24-hour electroencephalographic recording with minimal environmental restriction. These techniques were used to perform longitudinal, 24-hour recordings of electroencephalographic paroxysmal activity and sleep-wake state concurrently with frequent measurements of serum anticonvulsant drug concentrations in two patients with poorly controlled convulsions. Drug administration was designed with the intent of producing high serum concentrations at times of maximum electroencephalographic paroxysmal activity. The suppression of clinical seizures coincided with decreased numbers of paroxysmal bursts in the electroencephalogram and increased serum anticonvulsant drug concentration.
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PMID:Seizure activity and anticonvulsant drug concentration. 16 30

The relationship between the susceptibility to convulsions, the content of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and the activity of pyridoxal kinase (EC 2.7.1.35) and glutamate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.15) in brain, was studied in the developing mouse. Seizures were induced by pyridoxal phosphate-gamma-glutamyl hydrazone (PLPGH), a drug previously reported to reduce the levels of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and as a consequence to inhibit the activity of glutamate decarboxylase in brain of adult mice. It was found that the seizure pattern, as well as the time of appearance of convulsions, differed between 2- and 5-day old mice and 10-day old or older mice, indicating a progressive increase in seizure susceptibility during development. In brain, pyridoxal kinase activity and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels were decreased by the administration of PLPGH at all ages studied, whereas glutamate decarboxylase activity was inhibited less than 25% in 2- and 5-day old mice, and about 50% thereafter. Parallelly, the activation of glutamate decarboxylase by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate added in vitro to control homogenates was less in 2- and 5-day old mice than in older animals. It is concluded that the increase in the susceptibility to seizures induced by PLPGH during development is probably related to the increase observed in the sensitivity of glutamate decarboxylase in vivo to a decrease of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels. The correlation between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, glutamate decarboxylase, and seizure susceptibility seems to be established at about 10 days of age.
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PMID:Seizure susceptibility in the developing mouse and its relationship to glutamate decarboxylase and pyridoxal phosphate in brain. 17 40

A follow-up study has been made of 25 cases with infantile spasms, all of whom were six years old or more at review. Only four (16%) out of 25 cases made a full recovery and attended normal school. Spasms ceased in 96% of all cases, but fits other than spasms (grand mal, tonic seizure, atonic seizure, myoclonic seizure, atypical absence and psychomotor seizure) occurred subsequently in 11 cases (44%). The EEG became normal in two cases (8%), but still showed modified hypsarhythmia in three cases (12%), "epileptic non-hypsarhythmic" discharges in 17 cases (68%) and non-specific abnormalities in three cases (12%). The important factors associated with good prognosis were normal development before the onset of spasms, late onset (seven months old or over) and short duration of spasms, the absence of other types of fit following spasms and lack of neurological abnormality. A bad prognosis was associated with abnormal development prior to the onset of spasms, early onset and long duration of spasms, the presence of other types of fit following spasms and evidence of any neyrological abnormality This follow-up may confirm that the therapy with ACTH-A has no significant effect on final mental state.
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PMID:The long-term prognosis infantile spasms--the present condition of cases of infantile spasms followed in school age. 18 71

In experiments on male albino mice it has been established that upon intracerebroventricular administration in doses of 50, 100 and 300 mug per mouse GABA markedly inhibits the convulsive-seizure reactions in pentylenetetrazol and electroconvulsions and has no substantial effect on strychnine convulsions (the dose of 300 mug is toxic). Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) in a dose of 400 mg/kg, introduced i.p. 3 hours in advance, increases the convulsive reactivity in pentylenetetrazol and electroconvulsions. On the background of DDC the inhibitory effect of GABA is expressed only in antagonizing of the DDC effect increasing the convulsive reactivity. Alpha-methyl-paratyrosine (a-MT) in a dose of 250 mg/kg, introduced i.p. 4 hours in advance, has no substantial effect on the convulsive reactivity. On the background of alpha-MT the inhibitory effect of GABA in electroconvulsions does not change essentially, however, in pentylenetetrazol convulsions the GABA effect is practically not manifested. The results obtained show that the changes in the correlations between the catecholamines and GABA in the central nervous system result in substantial changes in the convulsive-seizure reactivity. The lower catecholamines level does not permit the marked manifestation of the GABA inhibitory effect. However, GABA counteracts to a certain extent the rise in the convulsive reactivity as a result of the drop in the brain level of the catecholamines.
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PMID:On certain relationships between gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and adrenergic mechanisms in convulsive-seizure reaction. 18 73

Sudden permanent blindness of cerebral origin, in addition to severe abdominal pain, hypertension, convulsions, and peripheral neuropathy developed in a 21-year-old woman, a victim of acute intermittent porphyria. Findings of the pathological examination of the brain showed extensive infarction in both occipital lobes. The pathological changes were consistent with anoxia. We discuss and review the literature of the possibility of "vasospasm" of both posterior cerebral arteries. Follow-up studies with serial EEG showed either focal epileptogenic activity or diffuse slow waves. The most consistent epileptic discharges were found in the occipital regions. The favorable response to the treatment of seizures with carbamazepine in this patient might encourage further clinical trials.
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PMID:Blindness of cerebral origin in acute intermittent porphyria. Report of a case and postmortem examination. 19 74

The effect of experimentally induced generalized seizures on the relations between the various phases of sleep in the wakefulness--sleep cycle was studied in cats with chronically implanted electrodes. After generalized convulsions induced by electrical stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus, unlike those of amygdalar origin, clearly defined changes were observed in the structure of the wakefulness--sleep cycle. In the postseizure period, with increasing wakefulness sharp depression of paradoxical sleep takes place. However, in slow wave sleep only slight changes were observed. Instead of a rebound phenomenon, paradoxical sleep was sharply induced in cats after preliminary deprivation of paradoxical sleep as a result of generalized seizures induced by electrical stimulation of the neocortex. Nonspecific hyperactivation of the brain, in the form of epileptiform discharges, thus has a particularly marked effect on the structure of paradoxical sleep.
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PMID:Effect of experimentally induced generalized seizures on the wakefulness--sleep cycle. 21 49


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