Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A review of the clinical results from 200 patients and the neurophysiological results from 42 patients suggests that chronic cerebellar stimulation (c.c.s.) can improve cerebral palsy and reduce intractable seizures. The therapeutic effects of stimulation of the cerebellar surface may not be due to activation of Purkinje cells. There is evidence that stimulation of brainstem structures, particularly the reticular formation, may be associated with thalamic inhibition; such effects would explain the clinical results of c.c.s. as well as the reduction in amplitude of reflexes, evoked potentials, and paroxysmal discharges in the electroencephalogram. This hypothesis would explain the prolonged, rebound, paradoxical, and cumulative effects of c.c.s. No clinical disturbance or significant tissue damage has resulted from c.c.s. over 5 years. The technique is an example of the therapeutic manipulation of inhibitory and disinhibitory mechanisms in the central nervous system.
 ...
PMID:Use of chronic cerebellar stimulation for disorders of disinhibition. 7 33

A total of 244 epileptic children were collected in an epidemiological and prognostic investigation on epilepsy. The children were divided into four groups according to their motor performance. There were 150 children with no motor handicap, 32 with clumsiness, 51 with cerebral palsy and 11 with severe muscular hypotonia associated with grave mental handicap. A study was made of age at onset of epilepsy, intelligence level, maximum frequency of seizures, grand mal status, results of medical treatment, and the time elapsed since the last seizure. A significant correlation was found between severity of motor handicap and poor prognosis of epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:The significance of motor handicap in the prognosis of childhood epilepsy. 12 17

A total of 600 handicapped patients had dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia during an eight-year period. Handicaps included mental retardation, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, seizure disorders, autism, cystic fibrosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and muscular dystrophy. No significant complications developed in the majority of patients. This is attributed to thorough preoperative evaluation, appropriate anesthetic management, and vigilant postoperative observation.
 ...
PMID:Complications related to the administration of general anesthesia in 600 developmentally disabled dental patients. 15 47

In institutions for mentally disabled persons, dental care of the patient is often difficult because of uncooperative behavior. Premedication is sometimes necessary. The mentally disabled patient frequently receives other medication for behavioral control, cerebral palsy, seizures, or the like, that may interact with the dental premedication. Because of the problems that may develop, a program between an institution's dental department and a university's clinical pharmacy department was developed that provided an approach to the selection of premedication for the dental patient who is mentally disabled.
 ...
PMID:An interdisciplinary approach to the dental care of the mentally disabled. 27 7

Neurologically impaired patients on therapeutic regimens of chronic cerebellar stimulation for periods ranging from 4 to 29 months (mean = 12.8 months) commonly reported amelioration of tension and/or anxiety. Cerebral palsy patients emphasized tension reduction while seizure patients primarily reported increased alertness. Increased alertness and improvement in speech and mood were also noted by many patients. These changes correlated significantly with symptom reduction and functional improvement. Although the mechanisms of these changes are not yet clear, psychological and neurological explanatory hypotheses were presented.
 ...
PMID:Tension reduction and alerting in man following chronic cerebellar stimulation for the relief of spasticity or intractable seizures. 30 98

Eighteen of the first 29 patients with intractable epilepsy treated by chronic cerebellar stimulation (CCS) demonstrated a marked suppression of seizures. Sixty-eight of 100 patients with cerebral palsy showed clinical improvement after CCS. Electroencephalographic studies in three epileptic patients revealed a significant (P less than 0.001) reduction in number and duration of paroxysmal EEG discharges during epochs when the stimulator was on; prolonged effects were seen at stimulation rates of 200 c/sec and 10 c/sec (monophasic capacitively coupled stimuli). "Rebound" increases in numbers and durations of paroxysmal discharges occurred after cessation of CCS: immediate "rebounds" occurred within the next 5 min; such rebound effects were also seen in the frequency of clinical seizures. CCS at voltages well above threshold for the production of changes in H reflexes, late motor responses (V1 and V2), and evoked potentials resulted in increased "rebound" effects after cessation of stimulation and such effects were seen clinically and neurophysiologically in epileptic and cerebral palsy patients. Variability in the effects of CCS on seizures and the EEG may have been due to technical factors such as positions and impedances of electrodes, output of the stimulator, effects of anticonvulsant medication and patient differences; there was no clinical or physiological evidence of any undesirable neurological effect of CCS. In one patient, onset of CCS was frequently associated with cessation of polyspike and wave discharges; such results raise the possibility of triggering CCS from paroxysmal discharges in the EEG (contingency feedback) but rebound effects may complicate such therapy.
 ...
PMID:Effects of cerebellar stimulation on epilepsy, the EEG and cerebral palsy in man. 31 91

Dantrolene sodium or dantrolene1 is 1([5-(nitrophenyl)furfurylidend] amino) hydantoin sodium hydrate. It is indicated for use in chronic disorders characterised by skeletal muscle spasticity, such as spinal cord injury, stroke, cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis. Dantrolene is believed to act directly on the contractile mechanism of skeletal muscle to decrease the force of contraction in the absence of any demonstrated effects on neural pathways, on the neuromuscular junction, or on the excitable properties of the muscle fibre membranes. Controlled trials have demonstrated that dantrolene is superior to placebo in adults or children with spasticity from various causes, as evidenced by clinical assessments of disability and daily activities, and by muscle and reflex responses to mechanical and electrical stimulation. It is somewhat less effective in patients with multiple sclerosis than in those with spasticity from other causes. There has been a general clinical impression in controlled trials that dantrolene caused less sedation than would have been expected from therapeutically comparable doses of diazepam. In 2 controlled trials, there was no significant difference between dantrolene and diazepam in terms of reductions in spasticity, clonus, and hyperreflexia, but side-effects such as drowsiness and inco-ordination occurred significantly more frequently on diazepam. Long-term studies have indicated continuing benefit for patients taking dantrolene, though the incidence of side-effects has often been high and there has been a suggestion of exacerbation of seizures in children with cerebral palsy. Dantrolene may be of value in the medical treatment of spasm of the external urethral sphincter due to neurological and non-neurological disease, and animal studies suggest a potential use in the management of malignant hyperpyrexia. Chemical evidence of liver dysfunction may occur in 0.7 to 1% of patients on long-term treatment with dantrolene, with symptomatic hepatitis in 0.35 to 0.5% and fatal hepatitis in 0.1 to 0.2%. The drug commonly causes transient drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, general malaise, fatigue and diarrhoea at the start of therapy. Muscle weakness may be the principal limiting side-effect in ambulant patients, particularly in those with multiple sclerosis, and therapy could be hazardous in patients with pre-existing bulbar or respiratory weakness. The dosage of dantrolene has been fixed in most controlled trials, though long-term studies have indicated the need for individualisation of dosage. The initial dose is usually 25mg once daily, increasing to 25mg two, three or four times daily, and then by increments of 25mg up to as high as 100mg two, three or four times daily. The lowest dose compatible with optimal response is recommended.
 ...
PMID:Dantrolene sodium: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in spasticity. 31 89

Transient erythrocytosis during the neonatal period may result in serious complications. Among the well recognized problems are respiratory distress, acute heart failure, and death. Little attention has been ascribed to the neurologic complications of a high hematocrit level in the neonatal period. This report describes four pediatric patients with neurologic deficits presumably due to transiently high hematocrit levels during the neonatal period. The neurologic findings in these patients were consistent with the general diagnosis of cerebral palsy. We hypothesize that they may be representative of a group of patients with seizures, structural central nervous system defects, and/or mental retardation secondary to transient erythrocytosis. Moreover, prompt recognition and treatment of this hematologic finding may prevent the immediate or late appearance of such neurologic findings.
 ...
PMID:Transient erythrocytosis during the neonatal period: possible neurologic compications. 45 51

Signs of neonatal neurologic dysfunction, recorded in approximately 40,000 infants, were evaluated prospectively for their ability to predict later motor handicap. Tenfold to 33-fold increases in risk of cerebral palsy (CP) were observed in surviving children with any one of the following characteristics: birth weight less than 2,000 gm, head circumference more than 3 SD above or below the mean, five minute Apgar score of 3 or less, diminished activity or diminished cry lasting for more than one day, thermal instability, need for gavage feeding, hypotonia or hypertonia, single or multiple apneic episodes, or hematocrit less than 40%. Of worse portent, with relative risks exceeding 50, were neonatal seizures or Apgar scores of 3 or less at ten minutes or later. These characteristics were also markers of considerable risk of early death. For 0.5% of surviving infants, an overall impression of abnormality of brain function during the nursery period was recorded by the attending physician; there was a 99-fold increase in CP among these children.
 ...
PMID:Neonatal signs as predictors of cerebral palsy. 47 12

The reported investigations aimed at tracing the psychomoter development in small children with central nervous system damage for establishing whether there is any difference in the development of children in whom epileptic seizures developed as a manifestation of damage, in relation to children with palsies and epileptic seizures. The group of children observed comprised 46 cases aged from 1 to 3 years in two equal subgroups: children with epilepsy with maximal seizures and children with the diagnosis of cerebral infantile palsy with spastic quadriparesis and maximal epileptic seizures. The psychological investigations included clinical observation and experimental tests. The obtained results were subjected to analysis by the case study method. It was found that psychomotor development disturbances were more frequent in the group with cerebral palsy and epileptic seizures than in the group with epilepsy caused by brain damage. However, the level of psychomotor development of the observed children was not determined by palsy but the degree of damage to the central nervous system.
 ...
PMID:[Psychomotor development of small children with epileptic attacks evaluated by a psychologist]. 48 86


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>