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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-three patients with epileptic type moyamoya disease are reviewed among 200 moyamoya disease patients. Ten boys and 13 girls aged 5 months to 12 years were followed over 6 months to 17.3 years. Six had generalized seizure and 17 had focal seizure. Operations were performed within 1 year in eight patients, within 1-3 years in five, and more than 3 years after onset in 10. Nineteen patients improved and suffered no seizure without receiving antiepileptic drugs, but four patients developed true epilepsy and three of these suffered cerebral infarction. Multivariate analyses showed that toddlers aged less than 1 year and mild or severe abnormal computed tomographic (CT) findings correlated with a bad outcome. This study showed that epileptic type moyamoya disease has the same clinical features as transient ischemic attack or infarction type. Age under 1 year and CT abnormalities indicate a poor prognosis and necessity for early reconstructive surgery.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up study of "epileptic type" moyamoya disease in children. 750 1

The objective of this study was to define the severe neurological complications that occur in recipients of an orthotopic liver transplantation, receiving FK 506 as their primary immunosuppressive agent. To accomplish this, 100 consecutive orthotopic liver transplantation patients were followed prospectively from the time of their transplant until the date of their initial post-orthotopic liver transplantation discharge from hospital. All major neurological complications occurring during this period were recorded and assessed. The frequency of severe neurological complications occurring in these severely ill transplant recipients was 34%. Delirium was noted in 16, coma in 9, seizures in 4, and 5 developed focal motor deficits associated with the finding of a brain abscess, transient ischemic attack or central pontine myelinolysis. At the time at which a major neurologic complication was noted, the blood level of FK 506 was recorded. No direct relationship between FK 506 blood levels and the presence or absence of major neurologic complications of orthotopic liver transplantation could be demonstrated. Based upon this series, it can be concluded that although FK 506 may contribute to the pathogenesis of minor neurological complications seen after orthotopic liver transplantation such as tremors and headaches, the pathogenesis of most of the major neurologic complications occurring after orthotopic liver transplantation is multifactorial and cannot be ascribed solely to FK 506 toxicity.
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PMID:Severe neurological complications following orthotopic liver transplantation in patients receiving FK 506 and prednisone. 752 72

Seventy-three consecutive children younger than 17 years of age seen from 1978 to 1992 with acute hemiplegia from stroke, were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the incidence of seizures and the risks of recurrent seizures after stroke. The population consisted of 56 children with cerebral infarction, 12 with intracranial hemorrhage, and 5 with transient ischemic attack. Children whose strokes occurred in the neonatal period and those secondary to trauma, malignancy, or infection were excluded. Mean follow-up time was 43.5 months (range: 12-156 months). At least 1 seizure occurred in 36 patients (49.3%) and recurrent seizures occurred in 21 patients (28.8%). Recurrent seizures developed more often among patients who had initial seizures with delayed onset (P < .05). In 56 patients with cerebral infarction, 16 of 31 patients (51.6%) with cortical involvement documented by neuroradiologic studies and 1 of 25 patients (4%) without cortical involvement developed recurrent seizures (P < .01). In 12 patients with intracranial hemorrhage, 3 of 10 patients with cortical involvement and none of 2 patients without cortical involvement developed recurrent seizures. It is concluded that seizures commonly occur in childhood stroke. Risk factors for recurrent seizures include later onset of initial seizures and presence of cortical involvement.
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PMID:Seizures associated with stroke in childhood. 777 11

Somatic inhibitory seizures and amnesic seizures are thought to occur rarely. We describe a patient with both types of seizures who initially presented with a clinical picture of transient ischemic attack. Neuroradiological investigations revealed a lesion probably a cavernoma located above the parietooccipital sulcus in the isthmus of cingulate gyrus. Anticonvulsant therapy eliminated both types of seizure.
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PMID:Seizures with negative phenomena. 778 71

We evaluated prospectively the occurrence of seizures within 15 days of a first stroke or transient ischemic episode in 1,640 patients to study relation between seizures and type of stroke. Seizures occurred in 90 patients (5.4%), including 36 (4.4%) of 814 with infarct owing to atheroma, 21 (16.6%) of 126 with infarct owing to cardiogenic embolus, 3 (1%) of 273 owing to lacunar infarct, 5 (1.9%) of 259 owing to transient ischemic attack (TIA), 21 (16.2%) of 129 owing to supratentorial hematoma, and 4 (16.6%) of 24 owing to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Thirteen (14.6%) of 89 subcortical infarcts were associated with seizures. Seizures were the initial sign of stroke in 80 (89%) of 90 cases and were usually single and partial. Seizure symptoms were most often motor, sensory, or visual.
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PMID:Early seizures after acute stroke: a study of 1,640 cases. 792 67

Sixteen patients (8 female, 8 male) with primary angiitis of the CNS (PACNS), were followed prospectively in a vasculitis clinic. Diagnosis was by angiography in patients without underlying disease. Median age at diagnosis was 36.5 years, and median duration of follow-up was 28 months. Onset was acute in 14 patients (88%), with 3.5 weeks (median) from onset symptoms to diagnosis. Three women developed symptoms within 3 weeks postpartum. The most frequent symptoms were severe headaches (12, 75%), stroke (6, 30%), transient ischaemic attack (TIA) (4, 28%), seizures (7, 44%), visual aberration (3, 19%), and cognitive impairment (5, 31%). Laboratory data included high ESR (2, 13%), leucocytosis (8, 80%), thrombocytosis (1, 6%), positive antinuclear antibody titre (3, 15%), and high levels of complement (5, 31%). Lumbar puncture was performed in 12 patients (75%). CSF analysis was abnormal in five patients (42%). EEG was abnormal in 5/9 patients. The major CT/MRI scan findings were cerebral haemorrhage (4, 25%), brain infarcts (5, 31%), brain atrophy (2, 13%) and non-specific lesions (2, 13%). Four patients had normal studies. All patients received corticosteroids (CS), and five were treated with oral cyclophosphamide. Two patients relapsed despite CS and cyclophosphamide therapy. All patients are alive, and at the last assessment, eight had a permanent neurological deficit, which included paresis (3, 19%), neurocognitive abnormalities (2, 13%), visual loss (2, 13%) and seizure activity (5, 31%). Our data suggest a non-progressive, non-fatal course in those PACNS patients diagnosed angiographically and treated with CS with or without cyclophosphamide.
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PMID:Primary angiitis of the CNS diagnosed by angiography. 804 67

To be consistent with a diagnosis of TIA or stroke, a focal neurologic deficit must have occurred suddenly. The differential diagnosis of TIA includes migraine aura (possibly without a headache), a hypotensive episode, radiculopathy, and an unusual seizure. Vascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes, smoking) and the extent of their control should be determined. Cardiac examination and ECG may provide important clues, as atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disorders are well recognized potential sources of emboli. During an acute stroke, CT is the best test to reliably distinguish between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Other tests that may be indicated on an individual basis include MRI,, echocardiography, carotid duplex ultrasound, and arteriography.
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PMID:Ischemic stroke, Part 1: Early, accurate diagnosis. 844 19

To determine the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in diagnosing active neuropsychiatric disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (NP-SLE), a prospective study of 51 hospitalized systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients during 64 separate episodes of suspected NP-SLE was initiated. In addition to standard hematology, chemistry, and serological tests, the workup included MRI in all patients. A computed tomographic scan of the brain was obtained in patients enrolled in the first year of the study. Of the 64 neuropsychiatric episodes, 42 were attributable to NP-SLE and 22 were attributed to causes other than SLE. Neuropsychiatric complaints unrelated to lupus included depression (n = 6), seizures (n = 5), headache (n = 3), altered mental status (n = 2), aseptic meningitis (n = 2), cardiovascular accident (n = 2), transient ischemic attack (n = 1), and vertigo (n = 1). The MRI was abnormal in 34 of 64 (53%) episodes. MRI abnormalities were more common in patients with focal neurological deficits (19/26) than in those without focal findings (15/38; P = .008) and in patients with nephritis (19/24) than in those without renal disease (15/40; P = .002). MRI abnormalities were as frequent in NP-SLE (25/42) as in cases with non-NP-SLE-related causes (9/22). Periventricular increased signal (PIS) was a frequent MRI finding (10/64). Enlargement of the prepontine cistern, an MRI finding not previously described in NP-SLE, was seen (14/64). Both findings were associated with the presence of hypertension and lupus nephritis. PIS similar to that seen in our patients has been described in otherwise healthy elderly individuals with risk factors for stroke, suggesting that vascular abnormalities may be important in the etiology of these lesions. In conclusion, abnormalities in brain MRI occur frequently in NP-SLE, especially in patients with focal neurological deficits. However, the presence of similar MRI abnormalities in SLE patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms and findings with non-SLE-related causes limits the specificity of the MRI for diagnosing NP-SLE.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. 851 97

Unilateral Moyamoya disease presents as unilateral stenosis or obstruction of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery, which causes cerebral hypoperfusion resulting in seizures or TIA-like attacks. In severe cases, surgical treatment is performed with superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis. In mild cases, conservative management is the treatment of choice. Flunarizine is a calcium ion anti-blocking agent, whose primary effect is that the cerebral vessels have been used for the treatment of postcerebrovascular disorders. Recently, it has been suggested that flunarizine could be used to treat Moyamoya disease. This report documents the efficacy of flunarizine to improve regional cerebral perfusion in Moyamoya disease.
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PMID:Cerebral perfusion imaging evaluates pharmacologic treatment of unilateral moyamoya disease. 854 9

Ten patients with neurological complications (NC) among a retrospective series of 53 consecutive cases of infective endocarditis were studied: 6 males and 4 females, mean age 60 years. NC were present at admission in 6 cases: 2 generalized seizures, 4 strokes, associated with 2 meningeal syndromes. Four cases of NC occurred during hospitalization: 1 stroke with come, 1 transient ischaemic attack, 2 generalized seizures. Blood cultures were positive in 7 cases: 6 group D Streptococci, 1 Gram negative bacillus. Five digestive portal of entry were identified. Cerebrospinal fluid was purulent in 1 patient, aseptic in 1, haemorragic in 2, and normal in 1. Cranial computed tomography revealed: infarct in 4 cases, brain abscess in 1 case, absence of abnormality in 1 case. There was no angiographic documentation. Antimicrobial therapy was maintained 5 to 6 weeks. Two patients underwent cardiac surgery. Two patients died of subarachnoid haemorrage. Comparison of patients with NC, and the 43 without NC, revealed two different point: vegetations were more frequent in the NC (8 cases out of 10) than without NC (19 cases out of 43) (p = 0.04). Streptoccus was often more found in NC (6 cases out of 6) than without NC (6 cases out of 24) (p < 0.01). Compared with the previously reported studies, where Staphylococcus was usually described, our results showed a higher frequency of Streptococcus D bovis, an older age, a higher frequency of stroke and digestive portal of entry. Vegetations were more frequent with NC than without.
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PMID:[Neurologic complications of infectious endocarditis]. 859 40


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