Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of intracranial foreign body granuloma is reported which was caused by cotton pledgets after total removal of meningioma. A 46 year-old woman was admitted on July 10, 1982, complaining of generalized convulsive seizures. CT and cerebral angiography revealed a left falx meningioma. The meningioma was totally removed under the left frontoparietal osteoplastic craniotomy. Microscopical findings were meningotheliomatous meningioma without malignancy. Despite the total removal, she developed two attacks of convulsion. Cerebral CT revealed a slightly high density mass with contrast-enhancement where the meningioma had been removed. Re-operation was performed on July 16, 1983. There was a granuloma with cotton fibers surrounded by yellow capsule without residual or recurrent meningioma. Only two cases have ever been reported in the literature so far reviewed. The differential diagnosis of foreign body granuloma is discussed and it is stressed to pay attention not to leave cotton pledgets during operations.
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PMID:[A case of foreign body granuloma caused by cotton pledgets that remained during intracranial operation]. 360 Sep 86

Intracarotid BCNU (100 mg/m2) and cisplatin (60 mg/m2) were administered to 36 patients with malignant brain tumors recurrent or progressive after cranial irradiation. Courses of therapy were repeated at 4-6 week intervals. Of 23 evaluable patients with recurrent glioma, 9 (39%) had tumor regression by CT scan and 3 had stable disease. The median time to tumor progression for responding patients was 37 weeks. For all patients with primary tumors it was 14 weeks. Six of 9 patients with no prior chemotherapy had a response and 1 had stable disease. Of 14 patients who had received prior chemotherapy, 3 had a response and 2 had stable disease. Survival ranged from 9 weeks to 95+ weeks (median 34 weeks) from start of therapy. Six of 23 patients with primary tumors are alive 1 year or more following therapy. Four of 11 patients with brain metastases had a response and 2 had stable disease. Major neurologic toxicity of intracarotid BCNU and cisplatin appeared cumulative and consisted of reversible hemiparesis in 3% of 118 courses, TIA in 1%, expressive aphasia in 9%, lethargy in 3%, seizures in 12%, and reversible confusion in 1%. Retinal toxicity consisted of mild blurring of vision in 4 patients and ipsilateral blindness in 5 patients. Three of 22 patients who had received supraophthalmic infusion later developed evidence of leukoencephalopathy. Intracarotid BCNU and cisplatin appears to have modest increase in activity over intracarotid cisplatin alone (Cancer 54:794, 1984), however, neurologic and retinal toxicity may also be increased.
Cancer Drug Deliv 1986
PMID:Phase II trial of intracarotid BCNU and cisplatin in primary malignant brain tumors. 370 37

The cases of 10 normotensive patients with chronic intracerebral hematomas are reported. The patients' median age at diagnosis was 42 years. The median duration of symptoms was 22 days. Seizures were the presenting symptom in 50% of the cases. Computerized tomography almost consistently demonstrated ring-shaped lesions with mass effect and perifocal edema. Arteriography revealed that all but one of the lesions were avascular. All patients had superficial white matter lesions, mostly in the frontoparietal region. All patients were treated surgically. Most of the hematomas were encapsulated and contained blood in various stages of organization. The thick capsule consisted of an outer layer of collagenous tissue and an inner layer of granulation tissue. Occult cerebrovascular malformations were detected in two instances. There were two deaths, both related to recurrent postoperative hemorrhage. This entity can present much like a brain malignancy and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ring-shaped lesions whatever the clinical presentation. Strategies of treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Chronic expanding intracerebral hematoma. 377 47

To identify risk factors for developing pneumococcal infections, we carried out a case-controlled study on a retrospectively constituted cohort of 3074 clinic patients in a presumed high-risk population. Culture-proved pneumococcal infections were identified in 63 men over a period of 5.5 years, yielding an estimated incidence of 6.3 cases per 1000 person-years. By comparing these patients with 130 uninfected control patients, the relative risk of pneumococcal infections related to various exposures was calculated by logistic regression analysis. Statistically significant independent risk factors (and their relative risks) were as follows: dementia (5.82), seizure disorders (4.38), current cigarette smoking (4.00), congestive heart failure (3.83), cerebrovascular disease (3.82), institutionalization (3.13), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2.38). Risk was increased with age and previous hospitalizations, and, to a nonsignificant degree, by hotel residence (3.93), lung cancer (2.24), previous smoking (2.14), corticosteroid use (1.81), and alcoholism (1.35); but not by diabetes mellitus (0.99), nonlung malignancies (0.93), nonwhite race (0.89), or ischemic heart disease (0.58).
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PMID:Risk factors for acquiring pneumococcal infections. 377 47

Head and neck cancer has rarely been reported to be a cause of meningeal carcinomatosis. These tumors are known more for their local invasiveness rather than distant metastasis. This would appear to preclude meningeal involvement, but close proximity to multiple cranial nerves may provide an access to the meninges. Six cases of head and neck cancer with meningeal invasion are presented. All six cases had malignant cells in their cerebrospinal fluid. Three cases had malignant cells recovered from a ventricular specimen after lumbar punctures were negative. The most common clinical finding on presentation was cranial nerve involvement. The optic nerve was involved most often with nerves VI and V the next most frequent. Headache was present in four patients and seizures occurred in two. No patient had meningismus. Our current treatment plan involves insertion of an Ommaya Reservoir and intraventricular methotrexate. Only patients whose primary head and neck tumor shows a response to systemic therapy undergo Ommaya placement. Meningeal carcinomatosis in head and neck cancer may be more prevalent than previously thought and the likely mechanism is via direct extension rather than hematogenous spread.
Cancer 1986 Dec 15
PMID:Meningeal carcinomatosis in head and neck cancer. Report of six cases and review of the literature. 377 15

Reactive gliosis was found in a 40-year-old man who presented with intractable seizures thought to be due to a malignant neoplasm. Although two separate lesions located bilaterally in the frontal lobes were evident on the computed tomographic scan, a connection between these lesions along the fibers of the corpus callosum was clearly demonstrated on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. The unusual radiological appearance of this gliosis, which simulated a malignant butterfly glioma on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is reported. Because MRI is still a new modality, its images should be interpreted with judicious caution.
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PMID:Reactive gliosis simulating butterfly glioma: a neuroradiological case study. 378 32

The medical records of all patients admitted to the solid tumor service of the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center over a three-month period were reviewed to determine the incidence and nature of major neurologic problems on the inpatient service of a university-based comprehensive cancer center. Seventy-four of 162 patients (46 percent) admitted during this time had tumor invading or compressing the nervous system, pain, seizures, or alteration in mental status. The most common problems were pain (34 patients) and altered mental status (25 patients). The evaluation or treatment of a neurologic problem constituted the second most common reason for admission to this inpatient oncology unit. Neurologic problems will soon be the most common reason for hospital admissions in patients with disseminated cancer as a result of changes in patterns of health care delivery and improvements in systemic therapy and supportive care.
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PMID:Incidence and nature of neurologic problems in patients with solid tumors. 379 54

We reviewed records of 387 patients with cancer who had Ommaya reservoirs placed between October 1967 and December 1982. Complications of reservoir placement were reported in 27 patients, including intracranial hemorrhage (5 patients) and reservoir malfunction (15 patients). In 15 of 19 patients with meningitis, the infection was linked to the reservoir. The organism most frequently implicated was Staphylococcus epidermidis. Seizures, leukoencephalopathy, and pericatheter necrosis were seen in 10 patients who had received intraventricular chemotherapy.
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PMID:Ommaya reservoirs in 387 cancer patients: a 15-year experience. 383 73

During a 4-year period, 26 children with systemic malignancies suffered cerebrovascular accidents. These occurred in 17 patients with lymphoreticular malignancy and nine patients with solid tumors. They were the presenting signs of malignancy in three patients and were the direct cause of death in six. Cerebrovascular accidents were directly related to disseminated intravascular coagulation in eight patients, to chemotherapy in eight patients, to metastatic tumor in three patients, to thrombocytopenia in three patients, and to fungal meningitis in one patient. All patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation had leukemia and at times, cerebrovascular thrombosis predated systemic or laboratory evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. This review indicates that four major syndromes are apparent in children with cancer: vascular thrombosis associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute arterial or sagittal sinus thrombosis secondary to L-asparaginase in children with leukemia, acute neurologic dysfunction in patients with osteogenic sarcoma treated with high-dose methotrexate, and obtundation, seizures, and focal neurologic deficits in patients with neuroblastoma metastatic to the torcular region. Although elevated WBC counts and thrombocytopenia occur frequently in children with cancer, in themselves they uncommonly result in strokes. It is concluded that cerebrovascular accidents are a relatively frequent cause of acute neurologic compromise in children with cancer and that certain types of malignancies and their treatment predispose patients to this complication.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular accidents in children with cancer. 386 Jul 96

Solitary eosinophilic granuloma of the frontal lobe of the brain is a rare lesion. A 30-year-old Jordanian man with a history of recurrent bilateral chronic middle ear infections and tuberculosis presented with focal seizures. A solitary right frontotemporal mass was diagnosed by brain biopsy as an eosinophilic granuloma. Immunoperoxidase stains of virtually all histiocytes in the lesion were strongly positive for S-100. Four cases of eosinophilic granuloma and one of Letterer-Siwe disease were also examined, and virtually all histiocytes demonstrated strong S-100 positivity. In comparison, 24 reactive or infectious granulomas were examined for S-100 staining and most showed complete negativity of histiocytes in granulomas for S-100. This is the first report in the literature that has examined the results of S-100 staining in a large number of reactive or infectious granulomas and compared it with S-100 staining in eosinophilic granuloma. This report illustrates that S-100 can be useful in distinguishing eosinophilic granuloma, generally considered to be part of the larger group of histiocytic disorders known as histiocytosis X, from reactive or infectious granulomatous conditions of similar or confusing histology.
Cancer 1985 Jul 15
PMID:Primary eosinophilic granuloma of frontal lobe. Diagnostic use of S-100 protein. 389 Oct 65


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