Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is a descriptive study of 50 randomly selected male patients retained in a maximum-security state hospital for mentally disordered offenders. Data regarding the prevalence of several indicators of potential organic brain dysfunction are presented, including: (1) a diagnosis of any organic brain disorder, (2) a history of severe head injury with loss of consciousness, (3) a history of seizure activity, (4) evidence of cognitive impairment, (5) abnormal neurological findings, and (6) other relevant neurodiagnostic or historical findings. Results show that multiple indicators of potential brain dysfunction were present in 64% of the cases. At least one indicator of potential brain dysfunction was present for 84% of the subjects. Subjects with a diagnosis or history suggesting brain dysfunction were significantly more likely to have been indicted for violent criminal charges (p = 0.01). Implications of these findings for clinical treatment and forensic science decision-making are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Estimating the prevalence of organic brain dysfunction in maximum-security forensic psychiatric patients. 162 82

Cerebral computed tomography (CT) was performed before and after right-sided electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 40 patients aged 26-87 years with major affective disorders. Nine patients with a concomitant definite or possible non-acute organic brain disorder were included. Several patients had long seizure durations, maximum 6.5 min, caused by hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia. Twenty-nine patients received at least 16 treatments (maximum 46). No CT changes occurred following ECT. A questionable dilatation of the left temporal horn in a 69-year-old hypertensive man who recovered completely without side effects after 3 ECT sessions was probably unrelated to the ECT. Provided sufficient oxygenation, even relatively long ECT series and seizures lasting several minutes do not cause any brain damage visible on CT.
 ...
PMID:Electroconvulsive therapy and cerebral computed tomography. A prospective study. 261 80

The clinical and laboratory features of 24 patients with proven mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and brain dysfunction are reported. The age range of affected patients was between 20 and 63 years (average of 43) and 70 percent were women. MVP was documented prior to the brain illness in only 4 patients. The majority of patients experienced bland cerebral infarction. Disorders also included transient ischemic attacks, cerebellar infarctions, parencymatous and subarachnoid hemorrhage, seizures and retinal artery occlusion. Significant risk factors for stroke other than MVP were lacking in the patient group. Cerebral angiograms occasionally showed distal occlusions of small arteries suggesting embolic brain lesions. Our study suggests that MVP is a risk factor for stroke. We recommend echocardiography in patients with cerebral ischemia who lack clear, recognized risk factors for stroke. We believe the basis for this brain disorder to be emboli from damaged mitral valve leaflets.
 ...
PMID:Brain events associated with mitral valve prolapse. 742 82

Epilepsy affects at least 2% of the population at some time in their lives. The epilepsies are a heterogeneous group of disorders, many with an inherited component. Although specific genes have been identified in a few rare diseases causing seizures as part of a more diffuse brain disorder, the molecular pathology of the common idiopathic epilepsies is still unknown. Linkage has been reported for some generalised epilepsy syndromes, but only very recently for familial partial epilepsy syndromes. Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is a partial epilepsy causing frequent, violent, brief seizures at night, usually beginning in childhood. The gene for ADNFLE maps to chromosome 20q13.2-q13.3 in one large Australian kindred. The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit (CHRNA4) maps to the same region of 20q (ref. 12) and the gene is expressed in all layers of the frontal cortex. We screened affected family members for mutations within CHRNA4 and found a missense mutation that replaces serine with phenylalanine at codon 248, a strongly conserved amino acid residue in the second transmembrane domain. The mutation is present in all 21 available affected family members and in four obligate carriers, but not in 333 healthy control subjects.
 ...
PMID:A missense mutation in the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit is associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. 755 Mar 50

On initial evaluation for onset of seizure disorders at nonreferral veterinary practices, 50 previously healthy dogs were enrolled in a study to determine the probability of identifying a specific cause for the seizures. Treatment was not administered prior to entry of dogs in the study. On the basis of antemortem and postmortem test results, 22 dogs (44%) were classified as having primary epileptic seizures (PES; idiopathic or without identifiable cause), 23 (46%) had secondary epileptic seizures (SES; identifiable intracranial cause), and 5 (10%) had reactive epileptic seizures (RES; metabolic or transient noxious cause). Forty-one dogs (82%) had 2 or more seizures before evaluation, with 37 (90%) of these dogs classified as having epilepsy on the basis of an underlying chronic brain disorder. For these 41 dogs, 17 (41%) had PES, 20 (49%) had SES, and 4 (10%) had RES. Among the 9 dogs (18%) with nonrecurring seizures, 5 had PES, 3 had SES, and 1 had RES. Generalized seizures were the most common first-observed seizure type associated with all etiologic classifications in all dogs with recurring and nonrecurring seizures. Diagnosis of SES was statistically more probable when the dog was less than 1 or more than 7 years old at the first seizure, when the first seizure was a partial seizure, or when the first seizure occurred between midnight and 8 AM. A diagnosis of RES was statistically more probable only when the interval between the first and second seizure was brief (< or = 4 weeks).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Seizure classification in dogs from a nonreferral-based population. 778 44

There is usually a causal relationship between epilepsy and mental retardation when they coexist. The pathogenetic period of the underlying brain disorder and the time of seizure onset may, however, be widely separated. In 63 institutionalized mentally retarded epilepsy patients, 41% had seizure onset prior to the age of 2, 30% between the age of 2 and 20, and as many as 29% after the age of 20. Whereas uncontrolled epilepsy and cerebral palsy were frequently present in the group of early onset, most patients with adult onset had well controlled epilepsy, and none had cerebral palsy. Five of the 18 patients with adult onset epilepsy had Down's syndrome; in three of them, concomitant dementia was evident. In most patients with adult onset, however, no recent or current etiological factors for seizures were evident, except for their stable intellectual deficits. The incidence of adult onset epilepsy in the institution in 10 years markedly exceeded the expected rate. Twenty-three patients had achieved a prolonged remission of seizures and discontinued antiepileptic treatment. Sixty per cent of them remained seizure-free after at least two years. The mentally retarded should not unduly be subjected to drugs with potential central nervous side-effects.
Seizure 1994 Dec
PMID:The diversity of epilepsy in adults with severe developmental disabilities: age at seizure onset and other prognostic factors. 789 38

Epilepsy, a chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affects 1 to 3 percent of the U.S. population. In addition to six drugs classically used either alone or in combination to control epilepsy, three new agents have recently become available. The choice of therapy for each patient must be individualized, based on an accurate determination of the type of epilepsy, an understanding of drug pharmacokinetics, interactions and side-effect profiles, and issues related to patient acceptability and compliance. Approximately 70 percent of patients currently achieve good control of epilepsy, and it is hoped that new agents and improved therapeutic management can substantially increase this percentage.
 ...
PMID:Drug therapy for epilepsy. 806 29

Antipsychotic agents, most often used for treatment of schizophrenia, are sometimes prescribed for the agitated patient with an organic brain disorder. We report the case of a brain-injured patient who was prescribed chlorpromazine for agitation and who developed a delusional state while taking this antipsychotic agent. The emergence of this delusional state coincided with the exacerbation of certain cognitive deficits. Possible mechanisms for this phenomenon are discussed. Caution is advised when prescribing neuroleptics for patients with traumatic brain injury, especially those agents with significant cognitive side-effects or with a significant potential to precipitate seizures.
 ...
PMID:Chlorpromazine-induced psychosis after brain injury. 842 19

Sixty-six non-epileptic children with focal spikes in EEG and without cerebral palsy were followed for 16 to 35 years. The cumulative risk of developing one or more seizures was 33% when the first abnormal EEG was recorded, and increased to about 80% if abnormalities persisted three or more years. Focal spike activity was most persistent in children with retarded development or with organic brain diseases. We conclude that the presence of focal EEG spikes in children without epileptic seizures can be considered epileptogenic, especially if the abnormality is persistent and associated with clinical evidence of organic brain disorder.
 ...
PMID:[Risk of development of epileptic seizures in children with subclinical "epileptogenic" EEG abnormalities]. 850 77

The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neurobehavioural disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics. Accessory symptoms include coprophenomena, echophenomena and obsessive-compulsive behaviours. There is a significant genetic contribution to their aetiology. Simple tics may be mistaken for myoclonic epilepsy and complex tics for complex partial seizures. Like epilepsy, GTS is a brain disorder that leads to general disturbances in behaviour not just the cardinal symptoms (i.e. tics or seizures).
Seizure 1995 Dec
PMID:Tics and fits. The current status of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and its relationship with epilepsy. 871 17


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>