Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many students who receive drug therapy for a seizure or a behavior disorder must take medication during the school day. In order to determine how school personnel manage this situation, teachers were asked to complete individual questionnaires for 461 trainable mentally retarded students who were receiving pharmacotherapy for one or both of these disorders. The return rate was 86%. The results showed that: (a) more than one-half of the children took medication in school; (b) teachers were responsible for supervising this activity in 48% of these cases; and (c) the school had obtained written instructions from the doctor and a permission letter from the parents regarding medication in all but a small minority of instances. However, there was no daily record of drug administration for 55% of the students. Issues related to school involvement in the administration of medication are discussed.
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PMID:Administration of medication by school personnel. 655 28

A six-year-old girl with a three-year history of seizures came to psychotherapy because of a progressively worsening behavior disorder. She was adjudged to have a severe reactive narcissistic disorder in response to her uncontrollable seizures. During the complex clinical course of her combined conditions, two different styles of psychotherapy were employed. Their relevance to the psychotherapy of the narcissistic conditions of childhood is explored.
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PMID:A narcissistic reaction in a six-year-old girl with a seizure disorder. 666 Mar 39

The prevalence and pattern of psychotropic and antiepileptic drug treatment for TMR children and adolescents in public schools were determined from teacher questionnaires and parent interviews. The relationship between drug use and age, race, and sex was also examined. The findings, indicated that during the school year, 10 percent of the students received medication for seizure disorders and 4.9 percent were treated for behavior disorders. An additional 1.8 percent were treated concurrently for both a seizure and a behavior disorder. The data also suggested that dosages of methylphenidate (Ritalin), the most frequently prescribed drug for persons with behavior disorders, were conservative. The results were interpreted with regard to drug use among nonretarded and severely and profoundly mentally retarded populations.
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PMID:Prevalence and pattern of drug treatment for behavior and seizure disorders of TMR students. 727 May 72

The records of 37 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1968 and 1978 were reviewed for evidence of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Criteria for CNS involvement included evidence of organic brain syndrome, electroencephalographic abnormalities with symptoms referable to CNS, or objective neurologic signs. Sixteen of 37 children had CNS involvement (43%). Thirteen patients had CNS involvement at the onset of SLE. Three patients had late onset CNS manifestations 1 to 2 years after the diagnosis of SLE. The most frequently observed symptoms were headache, behavior disorder, lethargy, diplopia, blurred vision, memory alteration, dizziness, and alteration of consciousness. The most frequently observed neurologic signs were seizures, cranial nerve palsy, ataxia, papilledema, nystagmus, meningitis, tremor, rigidity, cortical blindness, and coma. Neuropsychiatric manifestations included organic brain syndrome, functional psychosis, and personality disorder. Laboratory tests showed elevated cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure and protein, negative cultures, and abnormal electroencephalograms and computerized axial tomography scans. Fourteen of 16 children with CNS manifestations are alive. Thirteen had a mean IQ of 89 by the Wechsler Intelligence Tests. Twelve are in educational programs. One required long-term psychiatric care. A residual neurologic abnormality, a seizure disorder, was present in 3. CNS involvement with SLE in children carries a favorable prognosis.
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PMID:Central nervous system involvement in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. 731 16

Sleepwalking is one of the parasomnias, a group of disorders that also includes night terrors, nocturnal enuresis and nightmares. This disorder of arousal is much more common in children than in adults, and it is commonly associated with other parasomnias. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the first three hours of sleep, when sleep stages 3 and 4 (non-rapid-eye-movement sleep) are most prevalent. The episodes usually last 30 seconds to 30 minutes. The differential diagnosis of sleepwalking includes partial complex seizures occurring during sleep, rapid-eye-movement behavior disorder, night terrors, malingering, dissociative phenomena and medication effects. The treatment of sleepwalking in children includes providing a regular sleep-wake schedule, ensuring that the child has sufficient sleep and reassuring the parents. Medications and psychotherapy may be indicated in some adult patients.
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PMID:Sleepwalking. 786 61

Three patients who presented with grand mal seizures and an associated behavioral disorder were recognized as suffering from a severe butalbital withdrawal syndrome. All were migraineurs who had become dependent on barbiturates. We propose that the occurrence of seizures, psychotic behavior, or a recent personality change should be considered clues to possible barbiturate abuse in patients with migraine.
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PMID:Severe barbiturate withdrawal syndrome in migrainous patients. 874 87

We report 2 children with partial epilepsy who manifested social and language regression and partial recovery after surgical treatment. One child had seizures since the first 2 weeks of life, caused by a right temporal dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor and regression in the latter part of the first year; seizures were relieved and some functions were recovered after temporal lobe resection at 12 months of age. The second child developed epilepsy at 3 years 3 months, and between 5 years 9 months and 6 years 1 month he became aphasic (Landau-Kleffner syndrome) and lost social functioning, manifesting a very severe behavior disorder. He exhibited a significant improvement in communication, social functioning, and behavior after left multiple subpial transections. Both children manifested evidence of subclinical seizure activity in both temporal lobes. Their clinical picture was one of combined language and autistic regression, and the autistic features demonstrated a clear response to surgical treatment. We suggest that in pediatric epilepsy surgical programs, autistic regression should prompt urgent investigation if drug treatment is not effective.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of severe autistic regression in childhood epilepsy. 909 Jun 88

Authors report a case of Landau-Kleffner syndrome in a 6 year old boy. Landau-Kleffner syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by the combination of acquired aphasia and epileptic abnormalities like diffuse spikes-and-waves in sleep EEG. Seizures are associated in 50 to 80% of cases and generally disappear at puberty. Behavior disorder ranges from minor psychomotor disturbances to psychotic-like features. Onset appears at an age between 3 to 7 years. The relationship between aphasia and epilepsy remains unclear, even if language improvement frequently follows EEG improvement. The hypothesis of an underlying encephalitis could explain the whole syndrome but is not yet validated. Therapy should associate antiepileptic drugs, corticosteroid treatment and speech therapy, but no controlled study is available to confirm this protocol. Aphasia recovery is generally incomplete. The evolution of behavior disorder is not well documented. In the reported case, one year after onset, sleep EEG again became normal, behavior disturbances had disappeared, but spoken language was still absent.
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PMID:[Acquired aphasia in a child with epilepsy (Landau-Kleffner syndrome). Comments apropos of a case with 1-year follow-up]. 926 33

Audiogenic seizure (AGS) susceptibility in mice is a multifactorial behavioral disorder that involves severe generalized convulsions in response to loud, high-frequency sound. The inheritance of AGS susceptibility was examined in crosses between AGS-susceptible DBA/2J (D2) mice and epilepsy-prone (EP) mice. The EP mice were selected for high AGS susceptibility in a BALB/c-derived line. The AGS phenotype was similar in the EP and D2 mice at 30 days of age. The frequency of generalized clonic-tonic AGS was high in both the D2 and the EP mice (53 and 83%, respectively) but was low in the reciprocal EPD2F1 and D2EPF1 hybrids (14 and 19%, respectively). In the backcross to the EP parent, no significant associations were found between AGS susceptibility and microsatellite markers linked to Asp1 or Asp2, AGS genes located on Chromosomes 12 and 4, respectively. Significant associations were found for markers linked to Asp3, which is located in the proximal region of Chromosome 7. The influence of Asp3 on AGS susceptibility was seen in the EP x EPD2F1 backcross but not in the reciprocal EPD2F1 x EP backcross, suggesting that Asp3 expression is influenced by genomic imprinting. A model is proposed where genomic imprinting represses the maternal Asp3 allele, providing an influence largely from the paternal allele.
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PMID:Genomic imprinting and audiogenic seizures in mice. 933 83

EEG is a basic tool in neurological evaluation of fullterm or premature newborn. An emergency recording (in hours following birth) is required in two circumstances: a suspicion of seizure (especially before starting specific therapy), and a major behavioral disorder. The main cause is, in fullterm newborn, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. More precise informations are provided by recording between 10 and 48 hours after birth. In premature, emergency EEG may be recorded between 24 and 48 hours after birth. Some particular EEG features suggest specific causes such as metabolic or infectious diseases and focal lesions. In some cases, especially during seizures, conventional EEG can be completed by continuous monitoring.
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PMID:[Indications for emergency EEG in perinatal pain]. 985 Sep 52


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