Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of complete excision of cerebral lesions detected by MRI in 18 children presenting with epilepsy were analyzed. There were 14 boys and 4 girls with a mean age of 9.2 years. The average age of onset of seizures was 6.8 years. The mean time from onset of seizures to surgery was 2.3 years. Often, CT scans suggested that the lesions were indolent. MRI was better in differentiating neoplastic from developmental lesions. Angiography was non-contributory in this series. Interictal EEGs showed epileptiform activity correlating with imaging studies in 54% of children. The lesion was completely surgically excised in all patients. This was confirmed by intra-operative ultrasound and postoperative imaging. Electrocorticography was performed prior to and after the resection, but residual spiking did not lead to further resection. The average postoperative follow-up was 5.7 years. Five patients had low grade astrocytomas, 4 had gangliogliomas, 1 a mixed astrocytoma-oligodendroglioma, 3 had cortical dysplasia, 2 infantile desmoplastic gangliogliomas, 2 hamartomata, and 1 cavernous angioma. Sixteen patients have been seizure-free since surgery. Only 2 have partial seizures. Thus, all patients benefited from the resection, with respect to seizure control. In those with temporal lobe lesions, improvement in IQ was seen postoperatively. Early consideration of surgery in patients with epilepsy and lesions demonstrated by MRI is suggested.
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PMID:Lesionectomy of MRI detected lesions in children with epilepsy. 761 16

We report two cases of low-grade glioma in which multiple cellular components, including cells with dense-core granules consistent with "neurocytes," were identified on electron microscopic studies. The first patient was an apparently normal boy until the onset of seizures at age 10 months. Initially, the seizures improved with phenobarbital treatment, but good seizure control was never achieved. Computed tomographic scan at age 23 months showed a calcified, nonenhancing left parietal mass. This tumor was composed of sheets of cells with clear cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei. Mucinous intercellular material stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff, mucicarmine, and alcian blue stains. Foci of calcification were evident. The second patient was a 13-year-old boy with a left parasagittal parieto-occipital mass who presented with a 4-month history of seizures and declining school performance. The tumor was composed of sheets of astrocytes with dark, hyperchromatic, pleomorphic nuclei in a fibrillary and microcystic background. The tumor contained the pleomorphism seen in the adult variant of pilocytic astrocytoma, as well as the microcystic component seen in the juvenile variety. Ultrastructurally in both cases, there were occasional tumor cells having round to oval nuclei with moderate amounts of cytoplasm containing 150- to 250-nm-diameter dense-core granules. These cells were admixed with the majority of tumor cells, which in case 1 had the ultrastructural features of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and in case 2 had features of protoplasmic or pilocytic astrocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Glioneurocytoma: tumor with glial and neuronal differentiation. 764 93

Palinacousis (auditory perseveration) is reported in a 78-year-old patient with a left temporo parietal astrocytoma. The patient complained of "echoing voice" in his right ear. Palinacousis was associated with sensitive partial seizures. Neuropsychological investigations revealed hemianacusia with normal performance for phonological discrimination and verbal repetition. We suggest that these preserved abilities allowed emergence of palinacousis.
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PMID:[Palinacousis with hemianacusia caused by left temporal lesion]. 767 40

A 3 1/2-year-old boy developed partial complex seizures with right-sided motor activity, occasionally secondarily generalized at age 18 months. Initial EEG showed left-sided focal epileptiform discharges. Seizures became refractory to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). At age 3 years, there was severe language deterioration consistent with Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS). At that time, an EEG showed almost continual generalized spikes and polyspikes, worse during sleep. Video-EEG showed generalized tonic seizures associated with generalized EEG ictal activity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a cystic and solid lesion of the left hippocampal and parahippocampal gyri without surrounding edema. Subdural strip electrodes under the left temporal and overlying the left frontal lobes demonstrated interictal spikes simultaneously in all recording contacts. Ictal EEG activity occurred in the temporal electrodes 0.2-1 s before appearing in the frontal electrodes. After left temporal lobectomy with subtotal resection of a low-grade astrocytoma, he had an immediate marked decrease in seizures. In 1 month he was seizure-free, and in 6 months had no further seizures and markedly improved language. These findings provide further evidence that left temporal structural epileptogenic lesions may contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of LKS.
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PMID:Intracranial EEG monitoring in Landau-Kleffner syndrome associated with left temporal lobe astrocytoma. 768 85

Most brain tumors show decreased uptake of blood flow tracers in brain SPECT imaging and in some cases meningiomas show increased uptake, mainly associated with high regional blood flow values. A reason for regionally increased tracer uptake is partial epilepsy when a tracer is injected during the ictal phase. We present a case of a histologically proven Grade II astrocytoma in the mesial part of the left temporal lobe that caused complex partial seizures. After tracer injection during a phase without signs of clinical seizure, markedly increased uptake of 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) occurred, although the tumor was partially calcified.
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PMID:Increased technetium-99m-HMPAO uptake in grade II astrocytoma. 773 52

In utero migrational abnormalities account for most cases of cortical dysplasia. The histopathologic appearance of cortical dysplasia is often varied, making recognition and classification difficult. We studied 52 patients with cortical dysplasia who underwent partial lobectomy for medically intractable seizures in order to devise a simple histopathologic classification schema. The incidence of observed dysplasia in lobectomy specimens over an 11-year period (n = 360) was 14%. Patients ranged in age from 3 months to 47 years at the time of surgery (mean, 19 years; 29 male and 23 female patients). The temporal lobe was involved in 34 patients, frontal lobe in 18, parietal lobe in four, and occipital lobe in three. In three patients multiple lobes showed dysplasia. Dysplasia was right-sided in 29 patients and left-sided in 23 patients. Dysplasia was focal in 23 patients, multifocal in four patients, and diffuse in 25 patients. Three main histologic patterns of cortical dysplasia were observed: (1) a cortical laminar architectural disorganization and/or malalignment of neurons (26 patients), (2) clusters of atypical neurons and glia within the cortex (28 patients), and (3) a hypercellular molecular layer with increased numbers of neurons and glia (31 patients). In 23 patients more than one pattern of dysplasia was identified. Coexistent tumors were present in 13 patients, including ganglioglioma (eight patients), dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (three patients), and low-grade astrocytoma (two patients). Tuberous sclerosis was present in four patients. We conclude that most types of cortical dysplasia can be divided into three main histologic patterns, facilitating the recognition of dysplasia. In addition to the known association with tuberous sclerosis, tumors may coexist with cortical dysplasia.
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PMID:Cortical dysplasia: a histopathologic study of 52 cases of partial lobectomy in patients with epilepsy. 775 Sep 33

Three pediatric cases of temporal lobe seizure due to calcified glioma of amygdalo-hippocampal region are described. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed dense calcification with no postcontrast enhancement in the amygdalo-hippocampal region. Positron emission tomography showed low oxygen metabolism, low glucose metabolism, hypermetabolism of amino acids, and low regional cerebral blood flow in the tumors. Single photon emission computed tomography showed a high accumulation of 201Tl chloride and 123I-isopropyl iodoamphetamine in one tumor, but otherwise low radioisotope uptake. These studies indicated low-grade malignancies. The patients were treated by partial tumor removal and radiotherapy. Histological examination of the tumor specimens showed astrocytoma with interstitial calcification. One patient died due to tumor recurrence, while the others are doing well with minimal seizure. We recommended temporal lobectomy in similar cases to achieve complete remission.
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PMID:Calcified astrocytoma of the amygdalo-hippocampal region in children. 777 73

A 7-year-old girl presented with focal seizures without symptoms of raised intracranial tension. Routine histological, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural methods revealed a desmoplastic low grade cerebral astrocytoma. Follow up for 2 years after biopsy did not show recruitment of neurological symptoms or signs. Biphasic tumours containing glial and mesenchymal elements have been described in the literature under various diagnostic headings. As the histologically benign variants of mixed glial and mesenchymal tumours appear to have a good prognosis, identification of these as separate entities seems imperative. With a review of literature we propose a pathological classification of mixed glial and mesenchymal tumours.
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PMID:Desmoplastic low grade astrocytoma: a case report and review of literature. 778 70

The authors report a case of cerebral astrocytoma associated with a cavernous angioma. The patient presented with seizures and progressive hemiparesis. Diagnostic studies suggested the presence of a cavernous malformation with signs of previous haemorrhage. Surgery disclosed a complex tumour, which on histological examination revealed to be an anaplastic astrocytoma associated with a cavernous angioma.
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PMID:Cerebral astrocytoma and cavernous angioma: a case report. 785 44

Desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas are massive cystic tumors, typically occurring in the cerebral hemispheres of infants. They are remarkable pathologically for a prominent desmoplasia and, in some cases, for a cellular mitotically active component that can be readily interpreted as a malignant neoplasm. Four children less than 1 year of age were diagnosed with desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas in the Pediatric Oncology Group infant brain tumor study (Protocol number 8633). All had been diagnosed by their respective institutions as having malignant tumors, i.e., Grade III astrocytoma, malignant meningioma, leptomeningeal fibrosarcoma, and gliosarcoma. All had increased intracranial pressure, and two had seizures. The tumors were extremely large, with one measuring 12 x 9 x 9 cm. None had evidence of metastatic disease. One patient had a gross total resection, and the other three had debulking procedures. All four children were treated with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, cisplatinum, etoposide) for periods ranging from 12 to 24 months. Of those with postoperative measurable disease, one child had a complete response, one a partial response, and one had stable disease at the conclusion of chemotherapy. No child received radiation therapy. All children are alive with progression-free survivals after diagnosis of more than 36, 42, 48, and 60 months, respectively. Although desmoplastic infantile gangliomas are rare, recognition of this tumor type is essential because, despite their massive size and pathologically malignant appearance, they may have a relatively benign clinical course. If total surgical resection can be achieved, further therapy may not be indicated. In those patients in whom residual disease is present, chemotherapy appears to be an effective form of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas: an approach to therapy. 800 54


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