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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cerebral astrocytoma was diagnosed in 4 cats. A long-standing history of seizures followed by an increase in frequency of uncontrolled seizures were prominent features in these cats. Anticonvulsants provided effective seizure control in 3 cats for a period of 1 to 3 years. On initial and subsequent neurologic examinations, all cats were postictal and had focal neurologic deficits. In 2 cats, there were focal EEG patterns consistent with the neuroanatomic diagnosis of the tumor. White blood cell pleomorphism of the CSF was determined in the cats that underwent CSF analysis. Pathologic findings in all cats included tumor necrosis and edema, compression of the opposite hemisphere, and invasion of the third and lateral ventricles.
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PMID:Cerebral astrocytoma in four cats: clinical and pathologic findings. 367 93

A 32 year old man affected by grade 1 astrocytoma of the right sylvian region and epileptic seizures, presented gustatory hallucinations as a post-ictal symptom. Spikes of very low voltage during sleep were the only epileptic abnormalities found on his EEG. It is suggested that post-ictal as well as ictal gustatory hallucinations may be a localizing symptom of glioma involving the sylvian region. Furthermore, if systematically searched for, sleep related microspikes may become an EEG sign useful for the diagnosis of brain tumour in patients with epileptic seizures and no epileptic discharges on the awake EEG.
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PMID:Post-ictal gustatory hallucination, sleep related microspikes and glioma of the sylvian region: report of a case. 373 1

It is well known that intraventricular tumors are occasionally seen in patients with tuberous sclerosis. We have experienced two cases of tuberous sclerosis with intraventricular tumor. Case 1: an 8-year-old girl was admitted to our clinic because of headache and vomiting of one month's duration. She had adenoma sebaceum, mental retardation and seizures clinically, and a large tumor was found in the right lateral ventricle by pneumoventriculography. Partial removal of the tumor was performed by the right frontal transcortical approach, but she later died of pneumonia. Necropsy revealed hamartomatous disease characterized by multiple focal tumor-like malformations in various organs including the brain, kidneys, heart, lungs and liver. The histological diagnosis of the intraventricular tumor was subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. Case 2: a 6-year-old boy was admitted to our clinic because of headache of one year's duration. He had also suffered from seizures since 6 months of age. Adenoma sebaceum was noted in the cheeks. CT revealed a medium sized tumor at the right foramen of Monro and the moderately dilated right lateral ventricle and several calcified deposits in the lateral ventricle wall. The tumor was subtotally removed by the right frontal transcortical approach. The pathological examination showed subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. Now 6 years after the operation he is enjoying a normal school life. In our cases, intraventricular tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis were of a typically benign histological appearance, that is subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Tuberous sclerosis with intraventricular tumor: report of 2 cases]. 380 99

On the basis of 346 glioma patients operated on in the years 1969-1983, the frequency of epileptic seizures and their importance for the diagnosis as well as the causes of the delay in clearing up the clinical picture were ascertained. Of the 226 patients with an astrocytoma, 51.5 per cent had one or several epileptic fits in the pre-operative period. For the 99 glioblastoma patients, the seizure rate was 33.7 per cent and for the 21 patients with an oligodendroglioma it was 69 per cent. Although in about 80 per cent of the cases epileptic fits were the first symptom of the disease, this important clinical sign led in only 30 per cent to a causal treatment. In another 20 per cent of the courses, the final clarification was initiated by an increase in the frequency of the fits or a change of the kind of the fit. In the remaining 50 per cent of the glioma patients it was only after the additional occurrence of neurological disturbance that the diagnosis could be verified and surgical treatment carried out.
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PMID:[Diagnostic value of epileptic seizures in cerebral gliomas]. 383 99

Four cases of gliomatosis cerebri are reported that demonstrate the variability of the clinical course. A review of these and 32 cases from the literature revealed that the most striking finding was change in personality and mental status. Hemiparesis, ataxia, papilledema, headache, seizure, and brainstem signs were the next most common clinical findings. Laboratory and radiographic tests, including angiography and pneumoencephalography, often showed only minor and nonspecific changes in the face of profound mental deterioration. Increased intracranial pressure usually occurred late but was probably an important factor of the terminal course in most patients. The pathologic changes were typical, with diffuse infiltration of astrocytoma cells through brain stem, subcortical white matter, and, to a lesser extent, cerebral cortex.
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PMID:Gliomatosis cerebri. Report of four cases and review of the literature. 449 66

Four teenagers with partial epileptic seizures presented focal cortical enhanced CT scan images. Angiographies were normal. Stereotactic biopsies revealed astrocytic proliferation. CT scan abnormalities diminished or vanished in some months. On long-term follow-up seizures were either less frequent or disappeared. None of the possible aetiologic hypotheses (astrocytoma, encephalitis, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, vascular malformation) was fully satisfying. Nevertheless, a regressive evolution observed in these four patients demonstrates that acquired epileptogenic lesions during adolescence are not always of poor prognosis.
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PMID:[Partial epilepsies of adolescence with computer tomography abnormalities, localized astrocytic reaction and spontaneously remitting course]. 642 75

We describe an 8-year-old child who had had seizures since age 2. Initially, the seizures involved staring and turning the head to the left. Later, his seizures were brief, frequent staring spells. At age 8, an occasional seizure occurred involving back arching, eyelid fluttering, lip smacking, and pulling at clothing. Also at age 8, the seizures became refractory to phenobarbital, phenytoin, ethosuximide, and carbamazepine. Electroencephalogram showed fairly frequent bilaterally synchronous spike- slow-wave discharges. Computerized tomography showed a hypodense lesion in the right frontoparietal region, with a small contrast-enhancing nodule on one side. The lesion was resected at craniotomy and found to be a cystic Grade I astrocytoma. The patient has been seizure-free for the 2 years that have elapsed since the tumor was removed, the last 18 months without anticonvulsants. His EEG is normal. We conclude that the tumor caused his EEG findings and his long-standing absence seizure disorder.
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PMID:Frontoparietal astrocytoma causing absence seizures and bilaterally synchronous epileptiform discharges. 643 52

The authors conducted a retrospective review of surgically treated, histologically proven cases of low-grade (Grade 1 or 2) astrocytomas. Follow-up analysis, with survival time as the end-point, was completed using multivariant statistical analysis. In the 461 cases of supratentorial low grade astrocytoma in this study, age of the patient at the time of surgery was by far the most important variable in predicting length of survival. Other variables correlating with increasing survival times were: gross total surgical removal, lack of major preoperative neurological deficit, long duration of symptoms prior to surgery, seizures as a presenting symptom, lack of major postoperative neurological deficit, and surgery performed in recent decades. The multi-variant regression analysis showed that radiation therapy was of clear benefit, primarily in older patients with incompletely removed tumors. For purposes of establishing prognosis and testing the results, a "score" was developed to predict survival times, based on the most important variables. The data in this study provide a basis for the analysis of future modes of management of low-grade gliomas.
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PMID:Neurosurgical management of low-grade astrocytoma of the cerebral hemispheres. 647 Jul 76

A 24 year old woman with a 15 year history of intractable seizures underwent resection of a small low grade astrocytoma of the right mesial frontal lobe. The tumor arose beneath a benign scalp nevus that had been treated in infancy with radium patches and focal x-irradiation. Neuropathological changes within the tumor were compatible with radiation injury. Meningiomas and sarcomas complicate cranial irradiation but the evidence that gliomas do so is less convincing. Our observations support an association between radiation exposure and the subsequent development of glial tumors.
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PMID:Astrocytoma following scalp radiotherapy in infancy. 651 32

The case is described of a man, aged 46 at his time of death, who suffered from focal motor, adversive and generalised seizures for 22 years. He developed a progressive dementia over the last 2 years of his life. Investigation, including angiography and air encephalography early in the course of the illness and repeated CT head scans later, failed to demonstrate any neoplasm. Death occurred abruptly, due to cerebellar tonsillar herniation. At postmortem an extensive diffuse low grade fibrillary astrocytoma infiltrated both cerebral hemispheres, the corpus callosum, central grey matter, midbrain and pons. Thus, there was gliomatosis cerebri. Attention is drawn to the exceptional length of the history in this case, the difficulties which may arise in displaying diffusely infiltrating low grade astrocytomas radiologically and to the rare occurrence of gliomatosis cerebri.
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PMID:Diffuse infiltrating astrocytoma (gliomatosis cerebri) with twenty-two-year history. 656 33


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