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Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the case of a 15-year-old who sustained neonatal distress and subsequently presented temporal seizures. These were ascribed only several years later to a temporal astrocytoma. Tumor-related epilepsy is infrequent in children. Tumors may be responsible for a pattern of isolated partial epilepsy of several years duration. Advances in medical imaging techniques ensure earlier diagnosis, but some CT scan images may be difficult to read. CT scan is not indicated in functional epilepsy but should be performed in partial epilepsy with no known etiology.
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PMID:[Tumor epilepsy. Apropos of a case of temporal astrocytoma]. 281

Forty-one patients treated for primary malignancies of the brain at the University of Rochester Cancer Center since 1970 were assessed for adverse effects of irradiation clinically, and by computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. At diagnosis, patients ranged in age from 1-65 years (median 19 years) and the most common tumor (in 30) was astrocytoma. Radiation doses ranged from 45 to 81.3 Gy (median 56.8 Gy). White matter changes visible on MR were graded on a scale of 1-4, with grades 1-2 known to occur in some normal patients. Areas of increased signal intensity not associated with the tumor or surgery were visible in all patients (gr 1 = 37%, gr 2 = 32%, gr 3 = 17%, gr 4 = 15%) whereas only 35% had regions of abnormality (hypodensity) on CT. Sulci enlargement and ventricular abnormalities (asymmetry or dilatation) were present in approximately 50% of patients by each technique. Higher grade MR lesions were associated with radiation to large volumes and high doses. For the 36 patients treated with 1.5-2.0 Gy daily fractions, the mean radiation dose by grade was as follows: gr 1 = 55.1 Gy, gr 2 = 58.8 Gy, gr 3 = 60.0 Gy, gr 4 = 63.5 Gy. All 5 patients treated on a hyperfractionated schedule had gr 1-2 changes despite receiving greater than 70 Gy. Fifty percent of patients treated to the whole brain (+/- boost) had gr 3-4 changes, compared with 14% treated with local fields (peak dose regions similar in both groups). Among the children (less than or equal to 13 years), 20% had gr 3-4 changes compared with 56% of adults (excluding hyperfractionated patients). This finding may be due entirely or in part to the lower radiation doses used for children (mean 54.4 Gy vs. 63.7 Gy in adults). Clinical abnormalities attributable to irradiation included an impairment in mental functioning in 7 adults, and learning disabilities in 5 children. Five of these adults (71%) had gr 3-4 changes on MR as compared to gr 3-4 changes in 29% of the remaining adult group. Five patients developed seizure disorders. We conclude that adverse effects of brain irradiation are more sensitively imaged by MR than CT and that these abnormalities are associated with larger treatment volumes and either (or both) higher doses or older age. Conversely, some patients treated with high radiation doses have unremarkable changes on MR, and others have severe white matter changes which are not clinically expressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Adverse effects of brain irradiation correlated with MR and CT imaging. 284 Dec 63

A 17-year-old boy with neurofibromatosis presented with delayed puberty and epileptic seizures of recent onset. A computed tomographic scan revealed aqueductal stenosis due to a tumor of the aqueduct. This tumor was found at autopsy to be a pilocytic astrocytoma. Aqueductal stenosis in neurofibromatosis is uncommon and has been considered to be a result of periaqueductal gliosis. This seems to be the first report of neurofibromatosis associated with a tumor of the aqueduct.
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PMID:Neurofibromatosis presenting with aqueductal stenosis due to a tumor of the aqueduct: case report. 310 Sep 82

Seizures occur in 25% to 40% of children with supratentorial tumors and are the presenting complaint in 10% to 15%. However, when divided by age, only 2% of children with seizures as the presenting complaint of brain tumors were less than 1 year of age. Three children, ranging in age from 20 days to 7 months and seen within the past 2 years, form the basis of this report. The presenting complaint in all children was seizures. Computed tomographic (CT) scan was indicated in all children because of intractability to anticonvulsant drug therapy (one patient) and focal electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormality with clinical evidence of complex partial seizure activity (two patients). CT scan showed a contrast-enhancing mass in the medial temporal lobe in all patients. At surgery, a temporal lobe tumor was found and resected in all children. Histopathologic examination revealed a ganglioglioma, a fibrillary astrocytoma, and an anaplastic astrocytoma. All children did well postoperatively and are seizure free to date. Our experience suggests that supratentorial tumors should be considered as a cause of intractable and/or focal seizures in children under 1 year of age, and that such tumors should be attacked aggressively neurosurgically. Our experience is also in agreement with that of Tadmor et al, who have suggested that with the advent of CT scanning supratentorial tumors in this age group have been found to be more common than previously realized.
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PMID:Brain tumors presenting as a seizure disorder in infants. 311 10

A patient with the diagnosis of enchondromatosis (Ollier's disease) presented with seizures. CT examination showed an avascular right frontal lobe lesion. Surgery revealed a histologically verified grade II astrocytoma. This case is consistent with recent evidence that questions the distinction between the two forms of enchondromatosis (Ollier's disease and Maffucci's syndrome). Maffucci's syndrome is associated with a high rate of malignancy, including intracranial gliomas. Ollier's disease has not been associated with malignant change, other than sarcomatous transformation of the enchondromas. However, Ollier's disease and Maffucci's syndrome may be a spectrum of the same disease process, and therefore patients with diagnosed Ollier's disease are at a higher risk for malignancy than has been previously recognized.
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PMID:Ollier's disease and Maffucci's syndrome: distinct entities or a continuum. Case report: enchondromatosis complicated by an intracranial glioma. 317 21

The clinical and pathologic features of 43 dogs with neoplasia of the rostral cerebrum were reviewed. Primary brain tumors included meningioma, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, oligodendroglioma, and ependymoma. Other tumors that secondarily affected these areas included solitary hemangiosarcoma, nasal neuroendocrine carcinoma, nasal cell adenocarcinoma, nasal squamous cell carcinoma, and nasal neurofibrosarcoma. Older dogs were usually affected (mean, 10 years), and meningioma was the most frequent tumor type. Thirty-one dogs (72% of total) had a late-onset (greater than 5 years of age) of either generalized seizures or behavior abnormalities, or both, with an initially normal neurologic examination. In these 31 dogs, a mean time of 78 days (range, 2 to 400 days) elapsed from the onset of seizures or behavior change to the detection of a persistently abnormal neurologic examination. In all 43 dogs, the time from the detection of neurologic deficits to death or euthanasia and necropsy ranged from 1 to 63 days (mean, 13 days). On the basis of this review, it appears that dogs with late-onset seizures or behavior change, or both, should be suspected of having tumors involving the rostral cerebrum, despite the absence of persistent neurologic deficits commonly associated with cerebral tumors. Further, the onset of abnormalities in the neurologic examination and the time of death seem to occur within predictable time periods.
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PMID:Clinical signs of tumors affecting the rostral cerebrum in 43 dogs. 322 60

Gliomatosis cerebri, a rare diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma, was discovered on the postmortem examination of a 22-year-old woman with a 13 year history of seizures. Computed tomography of the brain revealed bifrontal white matter low density changes that were most consistent with a demyelinating or dysmyelinating disorder.
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PMID:Computed tomography of gliomatosis cerebri. 339 85

Palinacousis (auditory perseveration) is a rarely reported symptom of temporal lobe dysfunction. We describe a new case. A 50-year-old woman presented with nausea, vomiting, and global dysphasia, followed by two generalized seizures. Examination was otherwise normal, and computed tomography showed a small area of enhancement near the left sylvian fissure; there was a left temporal focus on the electroencephalogram. Treatment with phenytoin was instituted, and speech improved, with residual fluent dysphasia. Three days postictally, the patient complained of "echoing voices" in her right ear. Words or fragments of sentences recently uttered by the patient or others were perceived to recur unaltered for minutes to hours. Sounds other than speech were also affected. One week later the voices had disappeared, but a ticking sound was present; this also faded subsequently. The palinacousis never recurred; the patient was later found to have a Grade IV astrocytoma of the left temporal lobe, which caused her demise 8 months later. The features of this case are similar to those previously reported and favor an epileptic etiology. Palinacousis should be recognized as a sign of organic temporal lobe disease and not confused with manifestations of psychotic illness.
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PMID:Palinacousis: a case report. 341 74

Diphenylhydantoin is a well known anticonvulsant used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. The prophylactic use of diphenylhydantoin has been suggested for certain cerebral metastases, and it is routinely administered to prevent seizures induced by intracranial neoplasms and/or surgery. Patients with malignant gliomas treated with diphenylhydantoin frequently receive radiation therapy. The effects of a clinical concentration of diphenylhydantoin in combination with gamma radiation was investigated using the C6 astrocytoma cell line in both monolayer and three dimensional multicellular spheroid cultures. Diphenylhydantoin at 7.2 X 10(-5) M (20 micrograms/ml) significantly increased the doubling time (23%) of the C6 astrocytoma cells in monolayer, but did not affect their survival as measured by plating efficiency. No changes were seen in spheroid growth or plating efficiency of the cells dissociated from spheroids at this concentration. Diphenylhydantoin at the clinical concentration tested was not associated with an alteration in radiation sensitivity of C6 astrocytoma cells in monolayer or three dimensional multicellular spheroid cultures.
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PMID:The effects of diphenylhydantoin on murine astrocytoma radiosensitivity. 344 Aug 76

Four examples of astrocytic tumorettes (microscopic to minute foci of glioma) are described herein. They include one malignant astrocytoma and three low grade astrocytomas. The first patient, who died of heart failure, was found incidentally to havour a small malignant astrocytoma at the time of autopsy. The other three patients with astrocytomas of low grade in malignancy, ranged from 18 to 25 years in age, and presented with intractable seizures. Electroencephalography defined a temporal lobe focus in all three patients. Subsequently, all three underwent a unilateral temporal lobectomy with resection of the epileptic focus. Careful histological examinations on the removed tissues from each patient revealed that each of them had a minute astrocytoma. The histogenesis of benign and malignant astrocytomas and the importance of surgical exploration in the management of the patients with intractable seizure disorders are discussed.
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PMID:Astrocytic tumorette: microscopic to minute foci of glioma unexpectedly found in autopsy or surgical specimens. 345 65


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