Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036572 (seizures)
 80,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

20 patients with malignant brain tumors in childhood were treated according to a regimen which included initial surgery, preradiation chemotherapy and subsequent irradiation. The chemotherapy consisted of alternating cycles of high-dose methotrexate (12 g/m2) and "8 drugs in 1 day" (Bleyer, 1983). Each cycle was to be given up to six times, as tolerated. The diagnoses were medulloblastoma in 10 cases, astrocytoma in 5 cases, ependymoma and PNET in 2 patients each, and malignant mesenchymoma in 1 case. 15 patients were previously untreated, 5 patients experienced relapse after a different first line therapy and a longer time interval. 8 patients are in continuous complete remission for 13 to 54 months. The toxicity upon the bone marrow, the kidney and the inner ear was tolerable. Long lasting emesis contributed a marked problem to the patients but did not cause abbreviation of the therapy. The neurotoxicity was notably mild. Three episodes of generalized seizures were seen without subsequent sequelae, four cases of peripheral neuropathy were attributable to vincristine. A leukoencephalopathy was neither detected on clinical grounds nor on neuroradiological imaging. Therapy related deaths were not seen. We conclude that the combination of HD-MTX and "8 in 1" markedly contributes to the intensification of the chemotherapy for malignant brain tumors in childhood. In the setting as preradiation chemotherapy the toxicity is tolerable.
 ...
PMID:[High dosage methotrexate in combination with "8 in 1" in therapy of pediatric grade III/IV brain tumors]. 158 54

A case of tuberous sclerosis with congenital brain tumor was reported. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the pathological findings of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, after surgery at the newborn period. After the neonatal period, the patient presented the classical triad of seizures, white spot of skin and mental retardation. The exact nature of tumor-forming giant cells remains controversial. We studied the nature of these cells using immunohistochemical method. GFAP, S-100 protein and NSE stains were all positive. This result suggested that the tumor cells had the features of both neurons and astrocytes.
 ...
PMID:[A case of tuberous sclerosis with congenital brain tumor; an immunohistochemical study]. 159 Oct 26

We describe a woman who had a total resection of a cardiac myxoma followed 8 months later by a hemorrhage in the right frontal lobe secondary to extravascular metastasis of the myxoma. Six years later, after an asymptomatic follow-up, she developed a recurrence of left-sided seizures and an enhancing mass in the same location as the previous tumor. At operation, a malignant astrocytoma was demonstrated. Cardiac myxoma is a true neoplasm with benign histology, which may be associated with heart failure, systemic illness, or peripheral embolization. The neurological manifestations of embolization may include no symptoms, acute or delayed infarction, and intravascular proliferation with aneurysmal dilatation and potential for hemorrhage. The development of extravascular metastatic tumor deposits has been reported previously in only three histologically verified cases. Once the integrity of the blood vessel wall is destroyed by the tumor, a portal of entry is established for tumor cell proliferation in the brain parenchyma. There is no known association between a metastatic cardiac myxoma and a malignant glioma in the literature. Several possibilities for the occurrence of these two neoplasms are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Malignant astrocytoma six years after the resection of a cerebral metastatic cardiac myxoma: case report. 161 97

Congenital brain tumors have been reported infrequently and their management remains ill defined. An 11-year review (1977-1987) of all children with brain tumors with the onset of symptoms before 1 year of age was completed. Twenty-two children with the following histological diagnoses were treated: astrocytoma (7 patients), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (6 patients), papilloma or carcinoma of the choroid plexus (3 patients), malignant teratoma (2 patients), dermoid tumor (2 patients), embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (1 patient), and chloroma (1 patient). Fifteen tumors were supratentorial in location, and 7 were infratentorial. Initial symptoms were hydrocephalus (32%), focal neurological deficit (23%), asymptomatic increase in head circumference (18%), failure to thrive (14%), and seizures (4.5%). The goal of treatment was a radical excision when possible, with primary chemotherapy in the last 6 years of the review period. Radiation therapy was the adjunct to surgery in the initial 5-year period. All patients with papillomas of the choroid plexus and dermoid lesions underwent a total resection with no recurrence. All 7 astrocytomas were supratentorial, with 6 occurring in the diencephalon. Five of the seven patients with astrocytomas survived more than 5 years. The 6 primitive neuroectodermal tumors were located equally between the supra- and infratentorial spaces. Four of the 6 infants with these tumors received chemotherapy (2 received chemotherapy alone; 2 received chemotherapy and radiation therapy) and are tumor free 2 to 9 years later. A fifth child received radiation therapy alone early in the series and survived only 4 months. The family of the other child refused adjunctive treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Brain tumors occurring before 1 year of age: a retrospective reviews of 22 cases in an 11-year period (1977-1987). 165 61

An infant with congenital torticollis underwent chiropractic manipulation, and within a few hours had respiratory insufficiency, seizures, and quadriplegia. A holocord astrocytoma, with extensive acute necrosis believed to be a result of the neck manipulation, was found and resected. We believe that every child with torticollis, regardless of age, should undergo neurologic and radiologic evaluation before any form of physical treatment is instituted.
 ...
PMID:Quadriplegia after chiropractic manipulation in an infant with congenital torticollis caused by a spinal cord astrocytoma. 173 25

We report on a 9-year-old boy who developed subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis. Apart from a few hypopigmented skin patches, the boy's clinical picture was completely unremarkable until the onset of diplopia and vertigo reflecting increased intracranial pressure. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed subcortical hamartomas in addition to the intraventricular tumour. Seizures and mental retardation were absent. The boy's mother had suffered from seizures during childhood and presented with typical skin lesions. The importance of thorough examination and regular follow-up even in patients with oligosymptomatic variants of tuberous sclerosis is emphasized.
 ...
PMID:[Oligosymptomatic Bourneville-Pringle tuberous sclerosis of the brain with giant cell astrocytoma]. 175 57

We report 25 verified cases of well-differentiated cerebral astrocytomas in adults treated between 1978 and 1988. All patients were diagnosed by computed tomographic (CT) scans, with 5 undergoing a craniotomy for debulking and 20 undergoing a biopsy alone. The median survival for the entire group was 8.2 years, the longest survival yet reported for a series of patients with these tumors. A review of the literature suggests that the longer survival observed in more recent series is the result of the earlier diagnosis of tumors afforded by modern brain imaging. Twenty of our patients presented with seizures in the absence of any other focal findings and would probably not have had a biopsy in the era before CT scans until their tumors had progressed. Only 8% of our patients had papilledema at the time of presentation, in contrast to almost half of the patients with low-grade astrocytomas reported before 1975, supporting the hypothesis that patients in the CT era are diagnosed earlier. None of our patients died from progressive low-grade disease. One patient died from a squamous cell cancer, and 7 died as a consequence of their tumors dedifferentiating into a more malignant astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme, with a median time of approximately 5 years after the diagnosis. Our findings, together with the available data in the literature, suggest that death from a focal low-grade astrocytoma, in the absence of malignant degeneration, may be a rare event. Consequently, future therapeutic efforts should be targeted at preventing dedifferentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Survival of patients with well-differentiated astrocytomas diagnosed in the era of computed tomography. 185 71

Prior studies indicate variable usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with complex partial seizures (CPS), but sensitivities as low as 12% have been reported. We analyzed the MRI examinations of 20 patients with medically refractory CPS who later underwent resection of the seizure focus proven by electroencephalography (EEG). MRI studies were correlated with surgical pathology in all patients. Eleven of the 20 CPS patients had mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Seven of the 11 (64%) exhibited an MRI abnormality at the site of the EEG-demonstrated histopathologic focus. MRI abnormalities included temporal lobe hypoplasia or atrophy (four patients), and increased signal intensity on long repetition time (TR) sequences (three patients). Four patients had no MRI abnormalities corresponding to the histopathologic focus. Nine of the 20 CPS patients had other abnormalities responsible for the seizures, including astrocytoma, cryptic vascular malformation, hamartoma, polymicrogyria, tuberous sclerosis (forme fruste), arachnoid cyst, and congenital hemiatrophy. No patient had normal MRI studies. Our single most useful MRI sequence was the coronal long TR/dual echo sequence, using cardiac gating and first-order gradient moment nulling to diminish flow-related artifacts that could hinder evaluation of medial temporal lobe structures.
 ...
PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of intractable complex partial seizures: pathologic and electroencephalographic correlation. 186 3

Although gemistocytic astrocytomas are considered slow-growing astrocytomas, they often behave aggressively. To clarify the biological and clinical behavior of these rare tumors, the authors retrospectively identified 59 patients with gemistocytic astrocytoma whose tumors were diagnosed and treated between June, 1976, and July, 1989. Three patients who were lost to follow-up review were excluded, as were two whose original slides could not be obtained and three whose tumors were diagnosed at recurrence or at autopsy. The pathological material of the remaining 51 patients was reviewed using two sets of histological criteria. Thirteen patients (Group A) had "pure" gemistocytic astrocytoma, defined as a glial tumor with more than 60% gemistocytes/high-power field and a background of fibrillary astrocytes. Fifteen patients (Group B) had "mixed" gemistocytic astrocytoma, defined as a glial tumor with 20% to 60% gemistocytes/high-power field and a background of anaplastic astrocytes. Twenty-three tumors did not meet these criteria and were excluded from analysis. The median age of the patients was 48.5 years in Group A and 38.3 years in Group B (p less than 0.05). In both groups, the median Karnofsky Performance Scale score was greater than 90%. All patients underwent surgical procedures (four total and 19 partial resections, and five biopsies) and postoperative radiation therapy. The majority also had interstitial brachytherapy, chemotherapy, or both. Ten patients had one reoperation for tumor recurrence and one had two reoperations; other treatments for recurrence included brachytherapy, chemotherapy, and repeat irradiation. All four patients who originally underwent gross total resection are still alive; all five who had a biopsy have died. There was no significant difference in median survival times between groups: 136.5 weeks in Group A (range 10 to 310+ weeks) and 135.6 weeks in Group B (range 31 to 460+ weeks). Analysis of all 28 patients showed a better prognosis for patients less than 50 years of age (185 vs. 36 weeks survival time; p less than 0.001), patients with preoperative symptoms lasting for more than 6 months (228.1 vs. 110.2 weeks survival time; p less than 0.05), and patients with seizures as the first symptom (185.7 vs. 80 weeks survival time; p less than 0.01). Survival time did not correlate with the presence of perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. The authors conclude that the presence of at least 20% gemistocytes in a glial neoplasm is a poor prognostic sign, irrespective of the pathological background. It is proposed that gemistocytic astrocytomas be classified with anaplastic astrocytomas and treated accordingly.
 ...
PMID:Gemistocytic astrocytomas: a reappraisal. 199 5

We report on a 9-year-old boy who developed subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis. Remarkably, the boy was not mentally retarded and never had suffered from seizures. Apart from white skin patches symptoms of increased intracranial pressure were the presenting symptoms. The boy's mother, who was present at the boy's admission, presented with skin lesions typical of tuberous sclerosis. The importance of thorough examination of apparently asymptomatic relatives of patients with tuberous sclerosis is emphasized.
 ...
PMID:[Oligosymptomatic variant of tuberous sclerosis with subependymal giant cell astrocytoma]. 205 9


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>